Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2008 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. SPA (KN) T47367/5 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 3. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. * 7 6 8 3 8 7 8 3 4 8 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/02 Paper 2 May/June 2008 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper 1:25 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper. For Examiner’s Use Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use 1 The map extract shows part of the island of Mauritius. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows the positions of some features in the north east of the map extract. 90 89 98 99 00 01 88 D C A B Fig. 1 Study the map and Fig. 1 and name the following features: (i) feature A; …[1] (ii) the plantation crop at B; …[1] (iii) the class of road at C; …[1] (iv) the named or public building at D. …[1] (b) Describe the overall street pattern in the built-up areas of the map. … …[1]

3 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (c) Look at the B4 St Paul Road from the junction with the B3 at Vacoas (954884) to the junction with the A10 at St Paul (981898). (i) Measure the distance along the road. Give your answer in metres. … metres (ii) Measure the bearing, from grid north, of the road from Vacoas to St Paul. … degrees [2] (d) State the six figure grid reference of the roundabout (circle) at the junction of the B5 and A10 roads at Curepipe. … [1]

4 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use (e) Fig. 2 shows two settlement areas shown on the map. These are grid square 9787 at Floreal and grid square 9986 at Curepipe. 88 87 97 98 99 00 86 F L O R E A L CUREPIPE Fig. 2 Table 1 compares the features of the two grid squares. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct six boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Floreal (9787) Curepipe (9986) Neither of these areas Example: CBD – ✓ – River Motorway Low building density High order services Flat land Land sloping down to the north west [6] Table 1

5 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (f) Fig. 3 shows the road from point X at the western edge of the map (920869) to point Y (934875). 88 87 92 93 94 86 X Y Fig. 3 Describe the land-use and relief seen on a journey from X to Y along the road. Land-use … … … … … …[3] Relief … … … … … …[3] [Total: 20 marks]

6 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use 2 Study Fig. 4, which shows the ideal growth conditions for coral. sea temperature water depth water clearness salt content of water = ideal growth conditions for coral wave action LOW HIGH Fig. 4 (a) Fig. 5 shows the distribution of coral reefs in the world. Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn ATLANTIC OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN 23½ °N 23½ °S 0° Key Coral reef Warm ocean current Cold ocean current Fig. 5 (i) Between which lines of latitude is coral found? …[1] (ii) Using Fig. 4, suggest one reason for this. … …[1]

7 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (iii) Suggest why there is coral on the east coast of southern Africa but not on the west coast. … … … …[2] (b) Fig. 6 shows a map of an island and a coral reef. island main wind direction Key stream stream place A place B N 2m 70m coral reef sea depth (metres) 2m 0 1 2 km Fig. 6 Environmental conditions do not allow coral to grow at places A and B on the map. Using Fig. 4, for each place, suggest reasons why this is so. Place A … … … … Place B … … … …[4] [Total: 8 marks]

8 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use 3 Study Photograph A (Insert), which shows an area in southern Europe. Describe the relief, settlement and agriculture of the area shown in the photograph. Relief … … … … … … … … … Settlement … … … … … … … … …

9 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use Agriculture … … … … … … … … …[8] [Total: 8 marks]

10 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 4 Study Fig. 7, which gives information about high technology industries, and Fig. 8, which shows the location of Silicon Valley, an important centre for high technology industries in the USA. High technology industries These industries involve making and using silicon chips, computers, semi-conductor devices and computer-controlled machinery. The location of these industries does not depend on the factors which affect the location of many other more traditional manufacturing industries. Important factors include: • a highly educated, specialised workforce • proximity to research facilities • nearness to other high-tech industries so that ideas, staff and equipment can be shared • nearness to large urban markets is useful but high-value, low-bulk goods can bear the cost of transport, often to overseas markets • a pleasant environment for the workforce to live in Fig. 7 Berkeley SAN FRANCISCO Fremont Palo Alto Palo Alto Mountain Mountain View View Sunnyvale Sunnyvale Santa Clara Santa Clara San Jose San Jose Cupertino Cupertino Mt. Diablo 1167 m Oakland San Francisco Bay D i a b l o R a n g e Sierra Morana 702 m      N S a n t a C r u z M t s 0 30 km Palo Alto Mountain View Sunnyvale Santa Clara San Jose Cupertino Pacific Ocean Key airport university Silicon Valley (many high technology companies) boundary of built-up area Fig. 8

11 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (a) Using Fig. 8, estimate the maximum length and width of the Silicon Valley area. Length …km Width …km [1] (b) Using Figs 7 and 8, describe the advantages of Silicon Valley for the location of high technology industries. … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[5] (c) Why is the availability of local raw materials not an important factor in the location of high technology industries? … … … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

12 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use 5 Table 2 shows weather information for Pretoria, South Africa, for five days in 2006. date maximum temperature (°C) minimum temperature (°C) pressure (mb) relative humidity (%) July 29 22 2 1025 26 July 30 22 2 1023 22 July 31 20 7 1019 Aug 1 22 1 1015 31 Aug 2 18 2 1020 29 Table 2 (a) Fig. 9 shows the temperatures for the five days. 10 20 30 temperature (°C) July 29 July 30 July 31 Aug 1 Aug 2 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MINIMUM MINIMUM MAXIMUM MINIMUM Fig. 9 (i) Use the information in Table 2 to complete Fig. 9. [2] (ii) Which date has the greatest range of temperature? …[1] (iii) The units of pressure are abbreviated as mb. What does mb stand for? …[1]

13 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) The relative humidity for July 31 has been omitted from Table 2. This can be calculated from the readings of the wet and dry bulb thermometers (hygrometer), shown in Fig. 10, and the conversion table, shown in Table 3. –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 distilled water B wick wet bulb dry bulb Fig. 10 dry bulb reading (°C) wet bulb depression (°C) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 % % % % % % % % % 24 92 84 77 69 62 56 49 43 37 22 92 83 76 48 61 54 47 40 34 20 91 83 74 66 59 51 44 37 30 18 91 82 73 65 56 49 41 34 27 Table 3 (i) State the readings of the wet and dry bulb thermometers in Fig. 10. Wet bulb … Dry bulb … [1] (ii) Calculate the depression of the wet bulb. …[1] (iii) Using your answers to (b)(i) and (ii) and Table 3, state the relative humidity for July 31. …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

14 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use 6 Four types of graph used in geography are: • a triangular graph • a bar graph • a scatter graph • a line graph For each of the following four examples, (a) – (d), choose the most appropriate type of graph from the list above. Name the type of graph and draw a labelled sketch of it. You may use each type of graph once only. (a) A graph to show rainfall totals for months of the year. Name of type of graph … Labelled sketch [2] (b) A graph to show change in the birth rate over a number of years. Name of type of graph … Labelled sketch [2]

15 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use (c) A graph to show the relationship between birth rates and death rates in a group of countries. Name of type of graph … Labelled sketch [2] (d) A graph to show the percentages of primary, secondary and tertiary employment in a group of countries. Name of type of graph … Labelled sketch [2] [Total: 8 marks]

16 0460/02/M/J/08 © UCLES 2008 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 3 Photograph A D. Kelly © UCLES. Question 4 Fig. 8 © Brian Price, Paul Guinness; North America: An Advanced Geography; Hodder Arnold H&S; 1997. Map Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO © Crown copyright (2007). All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100046560. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2008 question paper 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/02 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2008 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0460 02 © UCLES 2008 1 (a) (i) power line/electricity line, [1] (ii) tea, [1] (iii) main A/A/A10, (main alone = 0) [1] (iv) Technical School, If more than one answer given then credit the first only [1] (b) grid/squares/rectangles/blocks/perpendicular/parallel/criss-cross, [1] (c) (i) 3050 – 3150, (ii) 61 – 64 [2] (d) 994871, [1] (e) 6 correctly placed ticks @ 1 each [6] Floreal (9787) Curepipe (9986) Neither of these areas River
Motorway
Low building density
High order services
Flat land
Land sloping down to the north west
More than one tick per row = 0 (f) Land-use forest, scrub/scattered trees, riverine trees, sugar, poultry farm, water tank, cane track, [3] Relief upland/hilly/escarpment/high, (mountainous/very high = 0) steep slope/scarp (towards X), gentle slope/fairly flat (towards Y), (flat = 0) (for statements on relief single statement + comparative = 2) concave/steeper at top, (crosses) ridge/pass/col, (crosses small) valley, 210 – 500m, spur located, [3]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0460 02 © UCLES 2008 2 (a) (i) between 30 °N and S/between 23½ °N and S, [1] (ii) warm sea/water temperatures, [1] (iii) warm ocean current on east coast, cold ocean current on west coast, suggestion regarding depth/clearness/wave action, [2] (b) Place A water not clear/sediment from river, water not salty enough/fresh water from river, water calm/not enough oxygen/sheltered by reef, * water too cold/not warm, Place B water too cold/not warm enough, water too deep/not shallow, water calm/not enough oxygen/sheltered by island/reef, * Reserve one mark for each place * Do not allow these points if wrongly reasoned Pollution = 0 [4] 3 Relief high/mountains/hilly/upland, peaks/jagged skyline/ridge (in background), cliffs, steep slopes, valley(s), V – shape, deep valley/gorge, straight valley, Settlement sparsely settled, two villages, villages/small settlements/small towns/rural, nucleated/clustered, houses close to each other/dense, white, villages on one side of valley/photo, isolated buildings/some dispersed, Agriculture small plots, terraces, no visible crops/no visible cultivation/animals/fields the same colour, one/some green plot(s), grass (plots), Reserve one mark for each section Allow transfer between sections [8]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0460 02 © UCLES 2008 4 (a) 33 – 37, 15 – 20 Both correct [1] (b) universities for education of workforce, universities for research facilities, example of university, companies clustered to share ideas etc., market in San Francisco/built up area/conurbation, (large urban market alone = 0) airport for (overseas) markets, Pacific Coast/sea/bay for scenery/recreation/pleasant environment, [5] (Diablo/Santa Cruz) Mountains for scenery/recreation/pleasant environment, (c) low bulk materials, high value materials, low transport costs, [2] 5 (a) (i) 22 °C on July 30 and 7 °C on July 31 plotted correctly, points joined correctly, Marked independently [2] (ii) August 1, [1] (iii) millibars, [1] (b) (i) 12 °C, 20 °C, Both correct [1] (ii) 8 (°C), [1] (iii) 37, %, In answers to (ii) and (iii) carry candidates’ errors forward [2]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0460 02 © UCLES 2008 6 (a) bar graph, recognisable sketch with one relevant label, [2] (b) line graph, recognisable sketch with one relevant label, [2] (c) scatter graph, recognisable sketch with one relevant label, [2] (d) triangular graph, recognisable sketch with one relevant label, [2] Labels likely to be of axes or appropriate units. Mark the two parts of each answer independently.