Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2011 May/June Paper 3 · Variant 1

This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB11 06_0654_31/4RP © UCLES 2011 [Turn over *0662869389* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/31 Paper 3 (Extended) May/June 2011 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows a hot water storage tank in a house. The water is heated by an electric immersion heater at the bottom of the tank. cold water inlet hot water outlet water tank electric immersion heater Fig. 1.1 (i) The heater is placed at the bottom of the tank and heats all the water. Explain why only some of the water would be heated if the heater is placed at the top of the tank. [2] (ii) The heater has a power output of 5 kW. How much energy does the heater deliver in one second? [1]

3 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iii) It takes 2 hours to heat up 280 000 cm3 of water from 20 °C to 50 °C. The density of water is 1000 kg / m3. Calculate the specific heating capacity of water. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [4] (b) Fig. 1.2 shows a circuit breaker. It is designed to switch off the current in a circuit if the current becomes too large. current current through wire electromagnet contacts pivot spring iron Fig. 1.2 Explain how the circuit breaker switches off the current if the current becomes too large. [3]

4 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 2 The Earth provides raw materials which are processed into useful products. (a) Choose products from the list to complete the right hand column of Table 2.1. aluminium ceramics chlorine glass steel Table 2.1 raw material useful product rock salt sand and metal oxides [2] (b) The way in which the atoms are arranged in a substance is often referred to as its structure. Substances with different structures are listed below. argon copper glass sodium chloride (i) State the substances in the list that have a giant structure. [1] (ii) State the substances in the list whose atoms are arranged in a disorderly (irregular) manner. [1] (iii) Decane, C10H22, is a liquid at room temperature. When decane is heated gently, a vapour made of unbroken decane molecules is released. Hydrogen gas and black soot made of carbon are not released. Explain these findings in terms of attractive forces between molecules and chemical bonds within molecules. [3]

5 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Nitrogen and hydrogen react together to form ammonia. The balanced equation for this reaction is N2 + 3H2 2NH3 This reaction requires high temperature and pressure, and an iron catalyst which is present in the form of a large number of small pieces. (i) Suggest the meaning of the symbol in the equation. [1] (ii) Describe the advantage of using a catalyst broken into a large number of small pieces in this reaction. [3] (iii) The reaction described above involves breaking the bond between the atoms in nitrogen molecules. Suggest why high temperature and pressure are needed for this reaction to take place. [3]

6 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 3 Fig. 3.1 shows a sperm cell. Fig. 3.1 (a) On Fig. 3.1, use label lines to label and name two structures that are found in all animal cells. [2] (b) Name the organ in which sperm are produced. [1] (c) An investigation was carried out into the oxygen use and energy use of sperm while they were at rest and while they were swimming. For each measurement, the researchers calculated the amount of oxygen and the amount of energy used by 109 sperm. The results are shown in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 oxygen use / units per 109 sperm per hour energy use / joules per 109 sperm per hour resting sperm 24 46 swimming sperm 83 164 (i) Suggest why the researchers measured the oxygen use and energy use for 109 sperm, rather than for a single sperm. [1]

7 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Explain why more oxygen is used when the sperm are using more energy. [2] (iii) Calculate the total power output of a group of 109 swimming sperm. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [3] (iv) In order to reach an egg, a human sperm has to swim from the top of the vagina to an oviduct, through a thin layer of liquid. Explain how the shape of the sperm, shown in Fig. 3.1, reduces the energy required to swim this distance. [2] (d) Describe what happens immediately after a sperm meets an egg in the oviduct. [2]

8 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 4 (a) In older television sets there is a tube which contains three heated wires (filaments). The picture on the screen is produced when emissions from these wires are made to hit the screen. (i) Name the particles emitted by these hot wires. [1] (ii) State the charge on these particles. [1] (iii) When a television set is in use, a static charge builds up on the screen. Suggest why this happens. [1] (iv) The heated wire has an electrical resistance. State two factors which affect the resistance of a piece of wire. 1 2 [1] (b) Television sets contain microprocessors. What is a microprocessor? [1]

9 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 4.1 shows the energy transferred each second by a television. heat 200 J sound 5 J light 95 J electrical energy 300 J Fig. 4.1 (i) Name the form of energy that is lost as waste energy by the television. [1] (ii) State the effect of the waste energy on the air around the television. [1] (iii) Calculate the energy efficiency of the television. Show your working. % [2]

10 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 5 A student carried out an experiment to find which substances in the environment caused nails made of mild steel to become rusty. She selected three identical nails and placed them in sealed test-tubes, A, B and C, as shown in Fig. 5.1. dry air only A air and water vapour B nitrogen gas and water vapour C water Fig. 5.1 (a) Predict in which tube, A, B or C, the nail became rusty, and explain why the nail did not rust in either of the other two tubes. [2] (b) Fig. 5.2 shows a simplified diagram of two types of atom, P and Q, in mild steel. atom of element P atom of element Q Fig. 5.2 (i) Suggest the name of element Q. [1]

11 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Use Fig. 5.2 to explain why an alloy such as mild steel is less malleable than a pure metal such as iron. [2] (c) Steel is used to make both the frames and the chains of bicycles. In order to prevent rusting, the frames are painted and the chains are covered in an oil made of hydrocarbon molecules. steel chain frame (i) The oil used to protect the bicycle chain contains mainly alkanes. Alkane molecules are described as being saturated. Explain, in terms of chemical bonding, the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules. You may draw a diagram to help your explanation. [2]

12 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use (ii) The paint used to protect the bicycle frame from rusting often contains substances made by addition polymerisation of suitable monomers. Use the simplified diagram of a monomer molecule below to explain what happens in addition polymerisation. M M [2]

13 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 6 The smell of food cooking can cause a person's salivary glands to secrete saliva. (a) (i) Name this type of response to a stimulus. [1] (ii) Describe how the information about the smell of the food travels from the nose to the salivary glands. [3] (b) When food has been taken into a person's mouth, it is chewed by teeth and mixed with saliva. Describe how the molar teeth help in the digestion of food. [3] (c) Saliva contains the enzyme amylase. (i) What is an enzyme? [2]

14 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use (ii) Describe the function of amylase. [2] (iii) State the parts of the alimentary canal, other than the mouth, where amylase is secreted and where it works. where amylase is secreted where amylase works [2]

15 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows how radar is used to detect aircraft. Radar uses microwaves with a frequency of about 10 000 MHz. Short microwave pulses are sent from the transmitter, reflected from the aircraft and received. The time it takes for the wave pulse to make the journey there and back is measured. Microwave pulses travel at 300 000 000 m / s. transmitter and receiver Fig. 7.1 (i) Calculate the wavelength of the microwaves. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2] (ii) A radar transmitter sends a microwave pulse which is reflected from the aircraft. The microwave pulse returns to the receiver 0.000 027 s after transmission. Calculate the distance of the aircraft from the radar transmitter. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2]

16 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use (b) The mass of the aircraft is 140 000 kg. Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft as it travels at 100 m / s. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2] (c) As the aircraft lands it is travelling at 85 m / s. It moves along the runway and decelerates at a uniform rate for 40 s until it stops. (i) Calculate the deceleration of the aircraft along the runway. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2]

17 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) On the grid, draw a speed-time graph for the aircraft as it slows down from 85 m / s until it stops. [3]

18 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 8 The chemical formulae for some compounds (minerals) found in rocks are shown below. CaMg(CO3)2 dolomite KAlSi3O8 potassium feldspar NaAlSi3O8 sodium feldspar SiO2 quartz (a) A white powder is known to be either potassium feldspar or sodium feldspar. Describe how a flame test would enable a chemist to find out which of these minerals it is. [1] (b) Dolomite contains three ions, calcium, magnesium and carbonate. Calcium and magnesium ions are represented by Ca2+ and Mg2+ respectively. Deduce the electrical charge carried by a carbonate ion. Explain how you obtained your answer. [2]

19 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) When dolomite is strongly heated it undergoes thermal decomposition, giving off carbon dioxide gas and leaving a mixture of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. The balanced equation for this reaction is CaMg(CO3)2 CaO + MgO + 2CO2 (i) Calculate the number of moles of dolomite in 1.84 g. Show your working. [3] (ii) State the number of moles of carbon dioxide which is given off when 1.84 g of dolomite completely decomposes. [1] (d) When excess dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl, is added to a mixture of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, a highly exothermic neutralisation reaction occurs. (i) Name two salts which are present in the mixture after the reaction. 1 2 [1] (ii) Suggest the balanced symbolic equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid. [3]

20 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 9 Dung beetles live in places where large herbivores, such as elephants, buffalo or cattle, also live. The beetles collect dung produced by the herbivores and make it into a ball, which they roll away and bury. They lay eggs on the buried ball of dung, so that when their larvae hatch they can feed on the dung. The adults also feed on the dung. Fig. 9.1 shows a dung beetle rolling a ball of dung. Fig. 9.1 (a) (i) State one feature of the dung beetle, visible on Fig. 9.1, that shows it is an arthropod. [1] (ii) State one feature of the dung beetle, visible on Fig. 9.1, that shows it is an insect. [1] (b) Dung beetles play an important role in the carbon cycle. Using the information above, suggest how dung beetles can help a carbon atom in animal dung to become part of a carbohydrate molecule within a plant. [3]

21 © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use (c) (i) Animal dung contains compounds of nitrogen, such as ammonia. When the dung is buried, the ammonia is converted to nitrates by bacteria in the soil. Explain how this can help plants to grow better. [2] (ii) If there are plenty of dung beetles on a farmer's land, he may need to add fewer nitrogen-containing fertilisers to the areas where his cattle graze. Suggest how this could benefit the environment. [3]

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24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2011 0654/31/M/J/11 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/31 Paper 3 (Extended Theory), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2011 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0654 31 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 1 (a) (i) hot water rises / cold water sinks / hot water stays on top of cold water ; ref. to convection ; hot water less dense / cold water more dense ; [max 2] (ii) 5000 J / 5 kJ ; [1] (iii) energy = shc × mass × temperature change (or rearranged) ; mass = 280 kg or 280 000 g and temperature change = 30 ; energy = 36 000 000 J or 2 × 5 × 60 × 60 ; (allow ecf from (ii)) correct substitution into formula ; (allow ecf) 4286 J / kg ºC ; (allow 4290 or 4300) (allow ecf) [max 4] (b) (large current produces) stronger electromagnet ; (strong enough to) attract iron (on pivot) ; contacts break ; [3] [Total: 10] 2 (a) chlorine ; glass ; [2] (b) (i) any two of: copper, sodium chloride, glass ; [1] (ii) argon and glass ; [1] (iii) attractions between molecules, are weak / require little energy to break ; bonds within molecules, are strong / require much energy to break ; (energy from) heating sufficient to separate molecules ; (energy from) heating insufficient to break chemical bonds ; evaporation requires (only) weak forces between molecules to be overcome ; appearance of, hydrogen / carbon, requires chemical bonds to be broken ; [max 3] (c) (i) reaction is reversible ; (not ‘the equation is reversible’ or ‘it is reversible’) [1] (ii) increases reaction rate ; increases surface area (of catalyst) ; greater collision frequency / less catalyst required / improves catalyst efficiency / avp ; [3] (iii) nitrogen is, unreactive / stable / inert ; nitrogen, is strongly bonded / has triple bond ; much energy needed to break molecule / start reaction ; link high temperature to kinetic energy of molecules ; link, pressure / high temperature, to high collision frequency ; [max 3] [Total: 14]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0654 31 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 3 (a) label to cell membrane ; label to cytoplasm ; label to nucleus ; [max 2] (b) testis ; [1] (c) (i) single sperm quantities would be too small to measure ; [1] (ii) respiration ; oxygen combined with sugar to release energy ; [2] (iii) (formula) (power = ) work ÷ time or energy ÷ time ; (substitution) 164 / 60 × 60 ; (answer + unit) 0.046 / 0.05, W or J s–1 ; [3] (iv) pointed (head) / small head / streamlined ; reduces, friction / drag / resistance of the water ; idea that less (forward-acting) force required ; [max 2] (d) fertilisation ; nuclei fuse ; form a zygote ; [max 2] [Total: 13] 4 (a) (i) electrons ; [1] (ii) negative ; [1] (iii) electrons / charged particles, accumulate on screen ; (not protons or ions) [1] (iv) any two for 1 mark: length, cross sectional area / diameter / thickness / width, resistivity / conductivity / material, temperature ; [max 1] (b) a device that processes, information / electrical signals ; [1] (c) (i) heat / thermal ; [1] (ii) increase temperature / air is heated / air rises / convection current ; [1] (iii) efficiency = useful energy output / energy input or = 100/300 ; = 33 (%) ; [2] [Total: 9]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0654 31 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 5 (a) in B / not in A or C, because air / oxygen and water are present or air and water are needed for rusting ; no water in A and no air / oxygen in C ; [2] (b) (i) carbon ; [1] (ii) regular structure (of iron) disrupted / atoms are of different sizes ; (iron) atoms do not so easily slip past one another ; [2] (c) (i) saturated – only single bonds and unsaturated – contain double / multiple bonds; double bonds are between carbon atoms ; [2] (ii) double bonds become single and monomers link together ; to form chains ; [2] (diagram showing at least three symbols linked by single bonds scores both marks) [Total: 9] 6 (a) (i) reflex (action) ; [1] (ii) as electrical impulse ; along, nerves / neurones / nerve cells ; correct ref. to sensory / motor, neurone ; correct ref. to central nervous system / brain ; [max 3] (b) grinding / crushing ; increase surface area of food ; idea of easier access for enzymes ; [3] (c) (i) catalyst ; protein ; speeds up / controls, (metabolic) reactions ; [max 2] (ii) breaks down / digests, starch ; to, sugar / maltose ; so that it can be absorbed ; [max 2] (iii) pancreas ; duodenum / small intestine ; [2] [Total: 13]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0654 31 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 7 (a) (i) (λ =) v / f or v = f × λ ; 300 000 000 / 10 000 000 000 = 0.03 m ; [2] (ii) (distance =) speed × time ; = 300 000 000 × 0.000 027 = 8100 m so distance = 4050 m ; [2] (b) (KE = ) ½ mv2 ; = ½ × 140000 × 100 × 100 = 7 × 108 J ; [2] (c) (i) (deceleration =) change in velocity / time ; (= 85/40 =) 2.125 m / s2 ; [2] (ii) suitable axes and scales ; straight line ; from 85 m / s at t = 0 to 0 m / s at t = 40 ; [3] [Total: 11] 8 (a) lilac coloured flame shows potassium (feldspar) / yellow flame shows sodium (feldspar); [1] (b) total charge of positive ions = total charge of negative / total negative needs to be 4 – ; so each carbonate must be 2 – ; [2] (c) (i) (Mr dolomite is) 40 + 24 + (12 + 16 × 3) / 184 ; moles = mass ÷ Mr / moles = 1.84 ÷ 184 ; (allow ecf) = 0.01 ; [3] (ii) 0.02 ; (allow ecf from (i)) [1] (d) (i) calcium chloride and magnesium chloride ; [1] (ii) MgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O ;;; (one mark for each correct product formula and one mark for balancing) [3] [Total: 11]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0654 31 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 9 (a) (i) jointed legs ; [1] (ii) six legs / body in three parts / head, thorax and abdomen / one pair of antennae ; [1] (b) ref. to digestion / absorption (in dung beetle) ; ref. to respiration (in dung beetle or in decomposers) ; carbon dioxide, into air / breathed out ; carbon dioxide absorbed by plant ; carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis (in plant) ; [max 3] (c) (i) nitrates absorbed by plant roots ; used for making proteins ; proteins used for making new, cells / tissues ; [max 2] (ii) fewer, nitrates / fertilisers, to leach into waterways ; less eutrophication ; less growth of algae ; fewer bacteria in waterways ; more oxygen in the water ; so organisms that need oxygen / fish, can survive ; less artificial fertiliser manufactured so less energy used ; [max 3] [Total: 10]