Cambridge IGCSE Physical Education 0413 — 2005 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 12 printed pages. SP (NH) S82189/3 © UCLES 2005 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education PHYSICAL EDUCATION 0413/01 Paper 1 May/June 2005 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Centre Number Candidate Number Name If you have been given a label, look at the details. If any details are incorrect or missing, please fill in your correct details in the space given at the top of this page. Stick your personal label here, if provided. FOR EXAMINER’S USE Section A Section B1 Section B2 Section B3 Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 Section A Answer all questions in this section. 1 Name one function of the skeleton. …[1] 2 Give one definition of ‘social well being’. …[1] 3 What type of muscle tissue would produce better results in long endurance activities? …[1] 4 Name one advantage of Isotonic Training. …[1] 5 Identify a physical recreation activity aimed specifically at encouraging more participation by women. …[1] 6 When learning a new skill give two means by which you can gain information relating to the skill/activity you are involved in. … …[2] 7 There are six components of Skill Related Fitness: give two of them. … …[2] For Examiner’s Use

3 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 [Turn over 8 The RICE method of treatment is used when dealing with soft tissue injuries. Name two typical causes of such injuries. … …[2] 9 In the illustration of the javelin thrower, describe two ways in which the tendons in the arm help the throwing movement. … … … …[2] 10 Name two training principles that you would employ to improve performance. … …[2] 11 Describe how sports facilities available in an urban area differ from those in a rural area. … … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use

4 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 12 In what ways can television companies affect the popularity of sport? … … … … … … … …[3] [Total: 20] For Examiner’s Use

5 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 [Turn over Section B Answer all questions in this section. Factors Affecting Performance B1 (a) What effect does adrenalin have on the body? …[1] (b) Below are charts showing the heart rate of a person running on a treadmill. The heart rate increases as the speed of the treadmill increases, then the rate of increase slows, despite the participant continuing to run. Explain why this might happen. … … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use Treadmill speed (km/h) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Heart rate (beats/min) 72 72 85 112 122 144 158 174 178 178

6 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 (c) Tom produces outstanding performances when training but fails to reproduce these when participating in a competition. Give two reasons why Tom may be finding it difficult to perform at his best in a competition. … … … …[2] (d) (i) Give an example of a type of synovial joint and its location. … … (ii) Describe the role of the synovial membrane. … … (iii) What is the role of synovial fluid? … … [3] (e) (i) Describe three long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system. … … … … … …[3] (ii) How does testing and measuring help to improve performance? … …[2] For Examiner’s Use

7 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 [Turn over (f) Athletes can only perform at their best for a limited period of time during the athletics season. Describe the type of preparation programme that would need to take place in the months before a major championship to allow an athlete to peak at the right time. … … … … … … … … … … … …[7] [Total: 20] For Examiner’s Use

8 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 Health, Safety and Training B2 (a) Name the element in a diet that will enable the body to repair muscle tissue. …[1] (b) Describe two measures that a participant might take in order to keep safe from injury during an activity, apart from following the rules. Apply your answer to a named physical activity. Activity … … … …[2] (c) After a period of exercise, Lactic Acid can build up in the muscles. What are the physical effects the performer would experience from this build-up of Lactic Acid? … …[2] (d) Stephen is preparing for a sprinting event. Choose one type of training and describe the benefits that he would gain from it. Training … … … … …[3] (e) After a long-term training programme, a performer’s heart will become stronger and larger. (i) Name one other effect that long term training will have on the performer’s heart. … …[1] (ii) Describe one way in which the heart rate could be used to measure any improvement. … … …[1] For Examiner’s Use

9 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 [Turn over (iii) If the performer was a 15 year old athlete, how could you estimate the maximum heart rate of the performer? … …[1] (iv) To ensure that the performer is working at an appropriate level of intensity, how could you use his/her heart rate to help plan a training programme? Use a performer who is starting a training programme to illustrate your answer. … … … …[2] (f) Two performers participate in different activities using different energy systems to perform effectively. (i) Describe the key features of the different activities that they participate in. … … … …[2] (ii) Describe the differences between the two energy systems used. … … … … … … … … … … …[5] [Total: 20] For Examiner’s Use

10 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 Reasons and Opportunities for Participation B3 (a) Give one example of how health care has helped improve recreational opportunities for people. …[1] (b) Name one voluntary organisation and describe why it might meet the needs of the local community better than a large private company. … … …[2] (c) Apart from keeping fit give two different reasons why an adult might take part in physical activity. … … … …[2] (d) (i) Give an alternative means of financial support for a young elite performer who does not wish to become professional in his/her sport, but wants to continue to participate at the highest level. …[1] (ii) What could be the benefits of this alternative for the performer? … … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use

11 © UCLES 2005 0413/01/M/J/05 [Turn over (e) A 16 year old performer is seeking to perform at the highest level. Describe a variety of ways for him/her to achieve this aim. … … … … … … … … … … … … …[5] (f) Local clubs have a key role in enabling people to participate in their chosen sport/ activity. To enable the club to function properly it will have an organising committee. (i) Describe two key roles on such a committee. Role … … … Role … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use

12 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2005 0413/01 M/J/05 (ii) How might the club go about raising money and how could this differ from a large private sports organisation? … … … … … …[4] (iii) Apart from raising money, name one aim the club might have, to ensure that it continues to prosper. … …[1] [Total: 20] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the June 2005 question paper 0413/01 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 0413/01 Paper 1 (Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the Examination. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the June 2005 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Grade thresholds for Syllabus 0413 (Physical Education) in the June 2005 examination. minimum mark required for grade: maximum mark available A C E F Component 1 80 57 40 21 14 The thresholds (minimum mark) for B is set halfway between those for Grades A and C. The thresholds (minimum mark) for D is set halfway between those for Grades C and E. The thresholds (minimum mark) for G is set as many marks below the F threshold as the E threshold is above it. Grad A* does not exist at the level of an individual component.

June 2005 IGCSE MARK SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 80 SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 0413/01 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Question Answers Section A Part Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Shape and support
Movement
Protection
Blood production
Enough food, clothes and shelter
Friends and support
Belief that you have some value in society (school, family, job)
Slow twitch fibre
Improves the ability to push and pull
Quick to do
Does not hurt
No need for expensive equipment
Can be done anywhere
Develops dynamic strength
Enables a wide range of movement
Do at anytime/anywhere
Introduction of Aerobics - step Aqua
Yoga
Dance
Women only classes - gym swimming Activities need to be linked to women only groups to gain a mark
Hearing/verbal guidance
Seeing/sight
Feeling/manual guidance
Speed and reaction time
Agility
Co-ordination
Timing
Balance
Power
Physical contact/collision/tackles
Over use, long term stresses - strains
Falling, twisting - sprains
Falls, sliding on the ground - friction burns, blisters
Cuts from a variety of sources
Attaches the muscle to the bone
Tendons are springy and stretchy
Allows the joint to move
Tendons take the strain during movement
Releases Kinetic energy 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 10 11 12
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Specificity
Overload
Progression
Reversibility In a rural Area:
May use natural features i.e. lakes etc.
Multi purpose facilities
Population distribution maybe less, therefore, maybe smaller facilities are built
Fewer low profit facilities, i.e. swimming pools
Activities that require more space i.e. golf courses will be situated In an Urban area:
Sports centres may offer specialist provision
Certain sports specific to the urban areas i.e. basketball
Finance and government initiatives are often targeted at urban area
Use of artificial facilities to i.e. climbing walls
Adaptation of certain activities i.e. use of a driving range because not enough space for a golf course
Timing of presentation
Level of advertising/promotion before the event
Use of high profile presenters
Time of event - peak viewing time
Channel being used
Fly on the wall documentary to support programme
Changes to the rules/presentation to appeal more to viewers
Use of camera angles to create high levels of interest and excitement
On screen statistics
Analysis of event
Interactive viewing Negative responses will also be rewarded:
If not covered could loose popularity
Over exposure could reduce popularity
Coverage of unimportant games could reduce interest 2 2 3 Total mark 20

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Question Answers Unit 1 Part mark (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Adrenalin will result in:
Dry mouth
Faster breathing
Increase in heart rate
Sick feeling in the stomach
Sweaty palms
Feeling nervous/shaky feeling
The heart rate reaches maximum
The heart rate meets the demands of the exercise
Physically Tom may not be able to cope in contact/power sports
Stress - gets concerned about results
Coach/parents place him under pressure to do well
Arousal levels - may become too aggressive
Becomes nervous
Gets too psyched up
Preparation on the day is ineffective
Over-train in practice
Peaked too early
Shoulder and hip - ball and socket
Knee and elbow - hinge
Between carpals and tarsal - gliding
Neck - pivot
Thumb - saddle
Wrist - condyloid Candidates must name a location and type of joint for 1 mark (ii) Synovial membrane:
Produces synovial fluid
Forms a lining in the capsule
Prevents leakage of synovial fluid (iii) Synovial Fluid
Lubricates the joint
Allows easy movement (i) Increase in the number of alveoli in the lungs Increased vital capacity
An increase in the maximum total volume of air that can be breathed in and out in a single breath
Increase in the amount of oxygen
Increase in the amount of carbon dioxide that can be expelled
Increase in the amount of oxygenated blood
Delay in the build up of lactic acid 1 2 2 1 1 1

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (f) Tidal Volume:
Amount of air entering and leaving the lung
Increase in tidal volume linked to increase in vital capacity
Allows muscle to work harder
Increase in the oxygen carrying capacity Oxygen Debt tolerance
Body able to perform for longer
Able to maintain level of performance for longer
Ability to recover quickly Minute Volume
Increase in the amount of oxygen that you breathe in per minute (ii) Develop profiles of elite performer
Provide information that may affect the level of performance
Assess the effectiveness of training methods
Allows adjustments in training methods to be monitored
Highlight areas of weakness
Allows the physiological potential of the athlete to be assessed
Assess progress after illness, injury
Compare tests with other performers of the same level of ability Programme should be built around progression Testing before any training takes place (max 1 mark) Phase 1 - out of season/early season
General fitness, mainly aerobic
Strength, mobility and endurance training at a low level
Basic technique/skills work
Healthy diet Phase 2
Fitness becomes more specific - aerobic
Technical skills become more advanced As the competition gets closer low key competition with feedback on fitness and technical progress Phase 3
Early season low level competition
Increase in intensity of training Phase 4
Work on technique with feedback
Adjustments to training both technical and physical based on feedback 3 2

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Phase 5
Higher levels of competition
Maintain fitness work
Fine adjustments to technique
Care to rest well prior to championships
Adjustments to diet - carbo loading
Travel to event might include a period of acclimatisation After championships/event Phase 6
Recovery and recuperation
Use other forms of physical activity to maintain a level of fitness
Planning for future events If a general description of how progression in training brings about improvement over time - 1 mark If an example is used to illustrate answer - 1 mark 7 Total mark 20

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Question Answers Unit 2 Part mark (a) (b) (c) (d) Protein Answer should not relate to the role of the coach, parent, referee, rules of the game etc; but to the participant themselves. The answer should also concern itself with what happens during the event and not prior, therefore, a warm up should not be seen as a correct response. No mark for the activity - but it must be named to gain any marks.
Wear correct footwear
Safety equipment - mouth guard
Protective equipment - unless the rules state that it must be worn i.e. shin pads in football
Keep fingernails short
Do not attempt complex skills not prepared for
Do not play when injured or not fully recovered from injury
Only play within age/weight/ability group
Weather if related to safety in the named activity i.e. sailing, hill walking
Muscles feel tired
Muscles become painful
If you don’t stop you will collapse
Develop cramp
Muscle contractions become difficult
Muscles begin to ‘burn’
Muscles stop working If the answer is related to any sprinting activity i.e. athletics, swimming, cycling credit should be given if answers relate to an activity One mark awarded for naming a training method Interval Training
This has a fixed pattern of fast and slow work
It can be applied to running and swimming
Overload is easy to achieve - by doing more reps or sets or both
You can mix aerobic and anaerobic work
It is easy to see improvement Fartlek Training
Training is based on changes of speed
Can be used for a range of activities
Maintains interest by the changes
Easy to adapt for any sport
Easy to increase overload Other examples such as pyramid training, resistance training and plyometric should be rewarded with appropriate description 1 2 2 3

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (e) Long term exercise will: (i) Increases stroke volume - the amount of blood that can be pumped around the body - more oxygen can be delivered to the muscles - results in improved performance, particularly in endurance events Increased cardiac output - the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute - cardiac output = stroke volume x beats per minute Lower resting heart rate - the heart has to work less hard to achieve the same results - increase in the volume of blood per beat (ii) Use the heart rate to measure: Lower resting heart rate, works less hard to achieve the same results, heart normally beats between 60 - 80 beats per minute, people who exercise usually beat between 50 - 60, extreme example have recorded heart rate of about 40 beats Speed of recovery will cause the heart rate recover quicker to resting heart rate, the quicker the recovery indicates a more efficient circulatory system (iii) The calculation for a 15 year old would be to subtract age from 220 = 205 (MHR)
(iv) using the above calculation estimate 60- 80% of MHR
Working heart rate should be between 123- 164
At this intensity the training energy would be supplied aerobically
Slow twitch fibres will be able to provide the energy
Working at this level will enable the build up of the circulatory system
Working at this level will enable the build up of the respiratory system
Intensity allows strengthening of ligaments and tendons The answers must relate to anaerobic and aerobic respiration 1 1 1 2

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (f)
(i) Anaerobic activities are explosive, do not use oxygen, last for a short period of time, require intense effort for a short period of time. Cannot be sustained for more than 40 seconds
Aerobic activities are endurance based, activities that take place over a long period of time, operate at a slower pace, use oxygen throughout performance. One mark for each description- credit to be given if accurate examples are given
Anaerobic- sprinting, weight lifting, throwing activities
Aerobic- long distance running, swimming (ii) Candidates must give information relating to both energy systems to gain maximum marks although marks can be awarded for the effects common to both systems. Common to both systems:
Energy is required for muscle contraction
Energy is supplied by Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) when glucose is broken down
When ATP is produced pyruvic acid is formed
ATP is broken down to Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
Supplies of ADP in the muscle are very small Anaerobic:
Oxygen cannot reach the muscles fast enough
Glucose produces energy without oxygen being present
Less energy is produced using the same amount of glucose
Therefore lasts for shorter periods
Energy is produced much faster
After a minute or so lactic acid is produced
Creatine phosphate which is stored in the muscle can be used for muscle contraction even in the absence of oxygen but only lasts for 30 - 60 seconds
Alternative energy sources are needed for continued muscle contraction
When insufficient oxygen is present pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid
When oxygen becomes available lactic acid will be converted back into pyruvic acid which in turn converts back to carbon dioxide and water
Oxygen debt will form Aerobic:
Muscles depend on aerobic respiration for the majority of time
Glucose continues with oxygen
Energy produced is used for muscular contraction and heat which warms the body
Water is carried away by blood , the lungs and urine 2

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005
Carbon dioxide is carried away by blood and excreted through the lungs
Production of ATP is much more efficient when done so with oxygen
The system is able to use stored fat as a source of energy rather than carbohydrates
Allows a greater amount of fuel to be released from carbohydrates without the build up of lactic acid If candidates produce diagrams to illustrate their answers a maximum of one mark can be awarded unless there is a description included. 2/3 3/2 Total marks 20

Page 10 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Question Answers Unit 3 Part mark (a) (b) (c) (d)
People live longer so have more opportunity for participation
Improved medicines speed recovery
Better identification of medical problems
Better medical care
People are more aware of medical issues
Better quality of after care
Opportunities for private medical care provides greater opportunities for speedier responses Organisations:
Youth clubs, scouts, guides
Church groups
Charitable organisations - National Trust, YHA
Community groups Reasons:
Aware of local needs
This could include
Social needs of area
Allowing minority groups to participate in activities that reflect their cultural/religious needs
Profit is not an issue
Maintain a healthy lifestyle
Enjoyment
Gain satisfaction from participation
Socialise - meet friends/new people
Relaxation - reduce stress
As a job
Hobby
Sense of adventure, challenge
(i) Scholarship or trust funds (ii) Scholarship
Can access university/higher education and use top quality facilities and coaching
Can continue with his/her education
Funding will be met by university/college
Has academic background at the end of participation
Can access those sports that are still regarded as amateur Trust Fund
Can receive prize money and sponsorship, these to be kept in a trust fund
Financial support for training, competition, equipment from trust fund
On retirement balance of trust fund available which for top performers can be considerable 1 2 2 1

Page 11 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0413 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (e) (f)
Can access those sports still regarded as amateur
Involvement with a professional club
Opportunity to access high quality coaching
Opportunities to join high quality coaching/training groups
To have the back up from technical support
To have the back up from medical support when needed
Able to access a sports academy
Ability to access and use high quality training facilities
To have financial support from either parents, trust funds, sponsors etc
To have access to transport
To be able to take part in competitions that are relative to their ability
To have the backing of their sports governing body (i) The secretary - arranges meetings, keeps minutes, main source of communicating to members.
Treasurer- looks after finances
Chair - person - represents the club at key meetings
Vice chair - deputises for the chair - person
Fixtures secretary - arranges events
Membership secretary - enrol new members (ii) The club would raise money by:
Membership fees, match fees, court fees
Grants from local authorities, governing body, lottery funding
Sponsorship
Fund raising, raffles A large professional company would raise money by:
Charging admission, tickets etc.
PLC companies via the stock exchange
Merchandising
Loans from banks etc. (iii) Provide facilities
Organise competition
Promote the sport
Encourage new membership
Develop youth sections within the club
Look for links/developments with schools 2 5 2 4 1 Total 20 marks