Cambridge IGCSE History American BES 0409 — 2024 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 0

Cambridge IGCSE™ 0409/01 AMERICAN HISTORY (US) May/June 2024 Paper 1 Making of a Nation 2 hours You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet. You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed) INSTRUCTIONS • Answer three questions in total, from one section only. • For each question you choose, answer every part, (a), (b) and (c). • Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. INFORMATION • The total mark for this paper is 60. • The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in parentheses [ ]. This document has 8 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Turn over 06_0409_01_2024_1.10 © UCLES 2024 *0650570466*

Answer any three questions from your chosen section. You are advised to spend equal time answering each of the three questions. Section A: Emergence of a Nation 1754–1890 Democracy and freedom meant different things to different people before 1840. 1 Describe the ideas of Jacksonian democracy. [4] (a) Explain why the Federalists disagreed with other political parties about the way the United States should be governed. [6] (b) To what extent were political factors the cause of the worsening relationship between the British government and American colonists 1754–76? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] The growth of the United States and its changing borders happened for different reasons before 1853. 2 Describe the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. [4] (a) Explain how the Louisiana Purchase changed the United States. [6] (b) “War and diplomacy with Britain were the most important factors in defining the borders of the United States before 1853.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] The relationship between Native American peoples and white settlers changed throughout this period. 3 Describe what happened at Little Bighorn in 1876. [4] (a) Why did some native tribes take part in the Pontiac Rebellion, 1763–66? [6] (b) To what extent was the Indian Removal Act the most significant example of government action against Native Americans before 1890? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] 06_0409_01_2024_1.10 © UCLES 2024 2

Disagreement over the rights and freedoms of African Americans was important before and after the Civil War. 4 What was the 15th Amendment? [4] (a) Explain why events in Kansas in the mid-1850s earned it the name “Bleeding Kansas.” [6] (b) To what extent was the Republican victory in the presidential election of 1860 the cause of the Civil War? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] The lives and beliefs of Americans changed as the result of industrialization. 5 What was the Industrial Revolution in the North after 1850? [4] (a) Why were Farmers’ Alliances formed during the 1870s? [6] (b) “The consequences of industrialization were positive.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] Immigration in the second half of the nineteenth century had different causes and impacts. 6 Describe the impact of the Homestead Act on immigration. [4] (a) Explain why the American Party gained popularity in the 1850s. [6] (b) To what extent did immigration in the late nineteenth century have a positive impact on American cities? [10] (c) [Total: 20] [Turn over 06_0409_01_2024_1.10 © UCLES 2024 3

Answer any three questions from your chosen section. You are advised to spend equal time answering each of the three questions. Section B: Consolidating the Nation 1890–2000 During the early twentieth century there were changes in the way people thought society should be organized. 7 Describe the amendments made to the Constitution by Progressive presidents. [4] (a) Explain why the book The Jungle had an impact in the early 1900s. [6] (b) To what extent was the growth of cities a positive development for Americans in the period 1890–1920? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] The economic changes of the 1920s had different impacts on the lives of Americans. 8 Describe the impact of consumerism on the economy of the 1920s. [4] (a) Explain what President Harding meant by a “return to normalcy” at the beginning of the 1920s. [6] (b) To what extent did Americans in rural areas experience the economic boom of the 1920s? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] The problems in the United States economy had different causes and complicated solutions. 9 Describe how President Roosevelt saved the banking system in 1933. [4] (a) Why was overproduction a concern in the economy during the 1920s? [6] (b) “The New Deal solved the economic problems of the United States.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] 06_0409_01_2024_1.10 © UCLES 2024 4

African Americans took control of their lives in different ways during the 20th century. 10 Describe the Great Migration. [4] (a) Why did Malcolm X challenge the ideas of others in the Civil Rights Movement? [6] (b) “The signing of the Civil Rights Act was the most significant achievement of the Civil Rights Movement between 1945 and 1970.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] The United States used different tactics to manage its relationship with the world after 1945. 11 Describe the Marshall Plan. [4] (a) Explain why the United States wanted détente in the 1960s and 1970s. [6] (b) “The Korean War was the only successful example of the policy of Containment.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] There were changes in the way Americans lived after the Second World War. 12 What was McCarthyism? [4] (a) Explain why President Johnson launched the “Great Society” program. [6] (b) To what extent were oil shortages the cause of economic decline in the United States during the 1970s? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] 06_0409_01_2024_1.10 © UCLES 2024 5

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BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. 06_0409_01_2024_1.10 © UCLES 2024 8