Cambridge IGCSE History American BES 0409 — 2022 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 0

Cambridge IGCSE™ 0409/01 AMERICAN HISTORY (US) May/June 2022 Paper 1 Making of a Nation 2 hours You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet. You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed) INSTRUCTIONS • Answer three questions in total, from one section only. • For each question you choose, answer every part, (a), (b) and (c). • Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. INFORMATION • The total mark for this paper is 60. • The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in parentheses [ ]. This document has 8 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Turn over 06_0409_01_2022_1.9 © UCLES 2022 *0873817095*

Answer any three questions from your chosen section. You are advised to spend equal time answering each of the three questions. SECTION A: Emergence of a Nation 1754–1890 Before 1840 there were different attempts to ensure that the United States was a democratic country. 1 How did colonists respond to British rule, 1754–74? (a) [4] Why did different political parties develop before 1840? (b) [6] “The creation of the Bill of Rights in 1791 marks the point where the United States became a democracy.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (c) [10] [Total: 20] The United States used different methods to expand and change its borders before 1853. 2 Describe the impact of the War of 1812. (a) [4] Explain why Texas became a member of the Union in 1846. (b) [6] To what extent was the declining influence of Spain the main reason for the expansion of the United States before 1853? (c) [10] [Total: 20] The relationship between the Native American population and the US government was often violent. 3 Describe the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans. (a) [4] Why did the US army fight the Red River War, 1874–75? (b) [6] “The relationship between Native Americans and the American government was co-operative before 1840.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (c) [10] [Total: 20] African Americans were treated differently in the North and the South, both before and after the Civil War. 4 What was the Missouri Compromise? (a) [4] Why did the activities of John Brown during the 1850s make him famous? (b) [6] "Arguments over States’ Rights were the most important cause of the Civil War." To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (c) [10] [Total: 20] 06_0409_01_2022_1.9 © UCLES 2022 2

After 1850, people in the United States began to think differently about how people should live and work. 5 What was meant by Populism in the second half of the nineteenth century? (a) [4] Explain why working conditions were affected by industrialization in the late nineteenth century. (b) [6] “New inventions caused the industrialization of the Northern United States after 1850.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (c) [10] [Total: 20] In the period after 1860 many immigrants arrived in the United States. 6 What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? (a) [4] Explain why there was an increase in Mexican immigration after 1850. (b) [6] “Groups that opposed immigration in this period were only concerned about the cultural impact of new communities.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (c) [10] [Total: 20] [Turn over 06_0409_01_2022_1.9 © UCLES 2022 3

Answer any three questions from your chosen section. You are advised to spend equal time answering each of the three questions. SECTION B: Consolidating the Nation 1890–2000 During the early twentieth century, some people began to question what could be done to improve people’s lives. 7 Describe the aims of the Industrial Workers of the World (the “Wobblies”). (a) [4] Explain why the book How the Other Half Lives, published in 1890, shocked people. [6] (b) To what extent did Progressivism tackle the problems which were important to ordinary Americans? (c) [10] [Total: 20] The lives of many Americans changed during the 1920s. 8 Describe what was meant by the term “New Woman” in the 1920s. (a) [4] Explain why the increased use of electricity was important to the economy of the 1920s. (b) [6] “The economic ‘boom’ of the 1920s had a positive impact on all Americans.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (c) [10] [Total: 20] The economy of the late 1920s and 1930s had many ups and downs. 9 What was the purpose of the “alphabet agencies”? (a) [4] Explain why “Hoovervilles” became common after 1929. (b) [6] To what extent was overproduction the most significant cause of the Wall Street Crash? (c) [10] [Total: 20] African Americans used different methods to attempt to improve their lives during this period. 10 What was the Plessy vs. Ferguson judgement? (a) [4] Explain why the Black Panthers challenged the methods of the Civil Rights movement. (b) [6] To what extent was the campaign to challenge the Jim Crow laws successful between 1950 and 1963? (c) [10] [Total: 20] 06_0409_01_2022_1.9 © UCLES 2022 4

The relationship between the United States and the rest of the world changed after 1945. 11 What was the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962? (a) [4] Why was the Marshall Plan created? (b) [6] “Ronald Reagan was a Cold War peace maker.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] (c) [Total: 20] The United States faced new domestic challenges and economic opportunities after 1945. 12 What was Kennedy’s “New Frontier”? (a) [4] Explain why business franchises were important to the US economy between 1945 and 1960. (b) [6] “Spending on the Vietnam War caused the economic problems of the 1970s.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (c) [10] [Total: 20] 06_0409_01_2022_1.9 © UCLES 2022 5

BLANK PAGE 06_0409_01_2022_1.9 © UCLES 2022 6

BLANK PAGE 06_0409_01_2022_1.9 © UCLES 2022 7

BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. 06_0409_01_2022_1.9 © UCLES 2022 8