Cambridge IGCSE History American BES 0409 — 2020 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 0

Cambridge IGCSE™ This document has 8 pages. Blank pages are indicated. AMERICAN HISTORY (US) 0409/01 Paper 1 Making of a Nation October/November 2020 2 hours You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet. You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed) INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer three questions in total, from one section only. ● For each question you choose, answer every part, (a), (b) and (c). ● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 60. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in parentheses [ ]. * 7 9 2 6 0 5 9 1 9 1 * DC (CJ) 188268/2 © UCLES 2020 [Turn over

2 0409/01/O/N/20 © UCLES 2020 Answer any three questions from your chosen section. You are advised to spend an equal time answering each of the three questions. Section A: Emergence of a Nation 1754–1890 1 (a) Describe the purpose of the Articles of Confederation. [4] (b) Why did American colonists challenge British rule before 1776? [6] (c) “The development of political parties was the most important factor in making the US more democratic before 1840.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 2 (a) Describe the main events of the War of 1812. [4] (b) Why did the United States go to war with Mexico in 1846? [6] (c) “The continuing friendship with France was the most important factor in the growth of the USA before 1853.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 3 (a) Describe the events of the Red River War 1874–1875. [4] (b) Explain why the Dawes Act of 1887 was passed. [6] (c) “The Native American way of life had been destroyed well before the Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 4 (a) Describe the activities of John Brown during the 1850s. [4] (b) Explain why the Slaughter House Cases of 1873 were important. [6] (c) To what extent was the Civil War fought over the struggle for power between federal and state governments? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20]

3 0409/01/O/N/20 © UCLES 2020 [Turn over 5 (a) Describe the actions taken to stop child labor after 1850. [4] (b) Why did the economy of the Northern states grow so rapidly after 1850? [6] (c) “Populism offered working people the best chance to improve their lives in the second half of the nineteenth century.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 6 (a) Describe the “pull factors” which encouraged people to migrate to the United States after 1850. [4] (b) Why were some political groups opposed to immigration in the second half of the nineteenth century? [6] (c) “Increased immigration after 1850 had more negative than positive effects.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20]

4 0409/01/O/N/20 © UCLES 2020 Answer any three questions from your chosen section. You are advised to spend an equal time answering each of the three questions. Section B: Consolidating the Nation 1890–2000 7 (a) Describe the ideas of Robert M. La Follette. [4] (b) Explain why people increasingly disagreed with ‘yellow dog contracts’ after 1890. [6] (c) “The greatest change to the lives of ordinary people before 1920 was brought about by the reaction to The Jungle by Upton Sinclair.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 8 (a) Describe the impact of assembly line production on the US economy during the 1920s. [4] (b) Explain how the development and use of electricity helped to encourage new industries in the 1920s. [6] (c) To what extent was the growth of the marketing and advertizing industry the main cause of economic prosperity in the United States during the 1920s? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 9 (a) Describe the problems caused by overproduction in the late 1920s. [4] (b) Why was speculation on the stock market seen as a cause of economic problems? [6] (c) “The New Deal did not tackle the underlying problems of the United States economy.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 10 (a) What was meant by the term “Jim Crow” in the early twentieth century? [4] (b) Explain why Booker T. Washington proposed the Atlanta Compromise in 1895. [6] (c) “Martin Luther King was the most effective Civil Rights campaigner in the years before 1968.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20]

5 0409/01/O/N/20 © UCLES 2020 11 (a) Describe the Yalta Conference, 1945. [4] (b) Why was the Truman Doctrine announced in 1947? [6] (c) “The policy of détente pursued by the United States during the 1970s was successful.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 12 (a) What was meant by the term “conglomerate” to describe business during the 1950s? [4] (b) Explain why President Johnson wanted to create a “Great Society”. [6] (c) To what extent were the economic issues experienced by the United States during the 1970s caused by spending on the Vietnam War? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20]

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8 0409/01/O/N/20 © UCLES 2020 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE