Cambridge IGCSE History American BES 0409 — 2018 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 0

* 6 1 9 6 8 2 9 6 9 6 * This document consists of 5 printed pages and 3 blank pages and 1 Insert. DC (KS) 155247/2 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education AMERICAN HISTORY (US) 0409/01 Paper 1 Making of a Nation October/November 2018 2 hours No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet is provided inside this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the test administrator for a continuation booklet. Answer three questions from one section. For each question you choose, answer every part, (a), (b), and (c). This paper has two sections. Section A: Emergence of a Nation 1754–1890 OR Section B: Consolidating the Nation 1890–2000 You are advised to spend equal time answering each of the three questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 0409/01/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 Answer any three questions from your chosen section. Section A: Emergence of a Nation 1754–1890 1 Before 1840 different ideas developed about how the United States should be governed. (a) What were the ideas of Jacksonian democracy? [4] (b) Explain how political parties developed before 1840. [6] (c) “The United States was a democratic country by 1840.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 2 The United States dealt with different foreign powers when establishing the territory of the country. (a) What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848? [4] (b) Why was the United States able to take control of Texas in 1845–46? [6] (c) To what extent was the relationship with France the most important factor in defining the borders of the United States before 1853? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 3 There were many reasons for conflict between Native Americans and white settlers. (a) Describe what happened at the Battle of Little Bighorn, 1876. [4] (b) Explain why the Pontiac Rebellion took place. [6] (c) To what extent were disputes over natural resources the main reason for conflict between Native Americans and the United States government before 1890? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 4 Discussions about the rights of African Americans took place before and after the Civil War. (a) What were the Lincoln-Douglas debates, 1858? [4] (b) Explain why the 1876–1877 Compromise was passed. [6] (c) “Disagreements over slavery were the main cause of the Civil War.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20]

3 0409/01/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 5 Many economic changes had an impact on peoples’ lives after 1850. (a) What were the goals of the Farmers’ Alliance? [4] (b) Explain how groups campaigned to improve the lives of children in the second half of the nineteenth century. [6] (c) To what extent was the impact of the railroad positive for all Americans? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 6 Immigration to the United States increased after 1860. (a) How did Chinese workers contribute to the construction of the railroads? [4] (b) Explain why immigration had an impact on major cities in the United States after 1860. [6] (c) “The promise of freedom was the main reason that immigrants came to the United States after 1860.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20]

4 0409/01/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 Answer any three questions from your chosen section. Section B: Consolidating the Nation 1890–2000 7 New ideas developed about how to tackle the problems of life in the early twentieth century. (a) Who were the “Industrial Workers of the World” (the Wobblies)? [4] (b) Explain how Robert M. La Follette introduced Progressive ideas at a local level. [6] (c) “Little improvement was made to working conditions in cities before 1920.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 8 The “boom” in the 1920s had an impact on the way people worked and lived. (a) What was meant by the term “New Woman” in the 1920s? [4] (b) Explain why many farmers did not benefit from the prosperity of the 1920s. [6] (c) To what extent were the policies of Republican presidents the main cause of the economic boom of the 1920s? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 9 The impact of the Wall Street Crash was felt all across the United States. (a) Describe the social effects of the Great Depression. [4] (b) Explain how President Roosevelt tried to tackle the problems of the Depression during his first 100 days in office. [6] (c) “President Hoover did nothing to respond to the effects of the Wall Street Crash of 1929.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 10 There were different ideas about the most effective way to campaign for civil rights. (a) Describe the Black Power movement. [4] (b) Explain how peaceful methods of protest were used by Martin Luther King during the 1950s and 1960s. [6] (c) To what extent did the lives of African Americans improve in the period from 1890 to 1945? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20]

5 0409/01/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 11 The United States was involved in the Cold War in different ways after 1945. (a) Describe the events of the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962. [4] (b) Why did the United States withdraw its military forces from Vietnam by the end of 1973? [6] (c) To what extent was the Berlin Blockade the most important event in the development of the Cold War in the period from 1945 to 1955? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20] 12 The federal government developed different responses to domestic challenges after 1945. (a) What were the goals of President Johnson’s “Great Society” program? [4] (b) Explain why the United States experienced economic difficulties during the 1970s. [6] (c) “The federal government dealt with domestic issues successfully in the period from 1945 to 1963.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] [Total: 20]

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