Cambridge A Level Economics 9708 — 2018 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 3

1 XY is the production possibility curve (PPC) of a firm that produces desks and chairs. X 5 output of chairs per day 4 3 2 1 Y 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 output of desks per day What are the opportunity costs of the 4th and 5th desks produced by the firm? opportunity cost opportunity cost of 4th desk of 5th desk A 1 chair 3 chairs B 2 chairs 5 chairs C 3 chairs 0 chairs D 4 chairs 5 chairs

Mark scheme: A

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2 A government proposes to introduce a road congestion charge which would require private motorists to pay a toll for road use. Which statement relating to the proposal is normative? A Bus passengers will benefit at the expense of motorists. B Motorists with higher incomes will be prepared to pay the charge in return for reduced journey times. C Motorists with lower incomes will not be able to afford to use the roads. D The proposal will be unfair to motorists who have no alternative means of transport.

Mark scheme: D

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3 A firm changes the type of product it produces. What might limit the firm’s ability to use division of labour? A The new production method is more capital intensive. B The new production method is very expensive. C The new product is made to specific customer requirements. D The new product requires specialised labour.

Mark scheme: C

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4 A group of tourists become stranded on a desert island. They decide to use their own system of money. Which statement about their choice of money is correct? A Coins in their possession would be suitable if there are enough of them. B Fruit fallen from trees would be suitable because it has intrinsic value as a food. C Pebbles from the seashore would be suitable because they are both durable and plentiful. D Seaweed would be suitable as it is in unlimited supply around the coast.

Mark scheme: A

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5 What is likely to affect the position of the demand curve for tickets to pop concerts but not the position of the supply curve? A a change in incomes of potential customers B a change in price of tickets to the concerts C a change in rents charged by venue owners D a change in seating capacity of concert venues

Mark scheme: A

More questions on Demand and supply curves

6 The number of passenger journeys per week by train on a route is shown by the demand curve in the diagram. fare ($) V P T W U D O R S number of journeys per week Initially the fare is OP, but it is then reduced by PW. Which area measures the amount spent on the extra journeys resulting from the lower fare? A VUT B PWTV C VRST D URST

Mark scheme: D

More questions on Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand

7 The diagram shows the demand curve for a product. price M N S Q R D O L P quantity If the rectangle OLMN is equal in area to the rectangle OPQR, which statement is correct? A A rise in price from OR to ON results in the same proportionate fall in quantity demanded. B Consumer surplus falls by RSMN if the price rises from OR to ON. C The price elasticity of demand is unitary for all changes in price. D Total revenue falls by MSQ if the price rises from OR to ON.

Mark scheme: A

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8 When the supply of a good decreases, equilibrium price stays the same. What is the price elasticity of demand of the good? A –1 B zero C +1 D infinite

Mark scheme: D

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9 The curve in the diagram shows a relationship between the price and the quantity of a product. It has not been given a label. price O quantity What is an accurate description of the curve? A a perfectly elastic demand curve B a perfectly inelastic supply curve C a relatively elastic supply curve D a unitary elastic demand curve

Mark scheme: B

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10 The diagrams show some information about oil. world oil production brent crude oil price 97.5 150 millions of 95.0 $ per barrel barrels per day 100 92.5 90.0 50 87.5 85.0 0 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 Which diagram represents the change in the oil market between 2013 and 2015? A B S2015 S2013 price price S2013 S2015 D D O O quantity quantity C D S2015 S price price S2013 D2013 D2015 D2015 D2013 O O quantity quantity

Mark scheme: B

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11 In which set of circumstances will prices play no part in determining how resources are allocated between alternative uses but may still have a role as a rationing mechanism? A The government sets maximum prices for all goods above their market clearing price. B The government sets minimum wages for all workers below the market rates of pay. C The quantities of consumer goods produced are determined by the government. D The total income consumers have available to spend is fixed by the government.

Mark scheme: C

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12 What is necessary for consumer surplus to be zero? A Demand is perfectly elastic. B Demand is perfectly inelastic. C Supply is perfectly elastic. D Supply is perfectly inelastic.

Mark scheme: A

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13 A local government decides to issue a card for residents that gives a 50% reduction on entry prices for visits to local museums. The diagram shows the demand curve for a resident who currently makes 3 museum visits. price ($) W 2 X Y 1 Z 0 3 5 demand for museum visits What would be the change in the resident’s consumer surplus when the card is issued? A W B X + Y C Y D Y + Z

Mark scheme: B

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14 The demand and supply functions for a product are quantity demanded = 1500 + 50P and quantity supplied = 300P – 2000 where P = price. With government regulation, the current price in the market is $15. What can be concluded about the form of price regulation and the balance of demand and supply in the market? form of price regulation balance of demand and supply A effective maximum price excess demand B effective maximum price excess supply C effective minimum price excess demand D effective minimum price excess supply

Mark scheme: D

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15 Which element of a tax and benefits system is regressive? A rent subsidies to tenants of publicly owned housing B specific taxes on beer and tobacco C the payment of child benefits to families D the taxation of capital gains

Mark scheme: B

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16 A government decides to encourage apple consumption as a report states that eating apples is good for health. It subsidises apple growers. The diagram shows the market for apples. S1 price P3 P2 P1 D1 O Q1 Q2 quantity of apples What would the subsidy need to be to change the market equilibrium quantity from Q1 to Q2? A OP1 B P1P2 C P1P3 D P2P3

Mark scheme: C

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17 What is not a transfer payment? A benefit payments by governments to families who have children B disability benefits paid to soldiers who were injured while on military service C loans made by a government to students who are studying at university D payments by a firm to compensate employees for undertaking dangerous work

Mark scheme: D

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18 A government allows one firm to go out of business, takes over a second firm, and encourages a foreign government to invest heavily in a third firm. Which government action has occurred? nationalisation privatisation A J J key B v x ¥ = occurred Cc x v X = not occurred D x x

Mark scheme: B

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19 What is both a valid statement and consistent with the features of the diagram? AS price level AD O real output A AS cannot be increased beyond some level of real output. B Consumption is a component of AD and is lower when the general level of prices is lower. C Investment is a component of AS and is independent of the general level of prices. D The greater the demand for a country’s exports, the lower will be AD.

Mark scheme: A

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20 The average consumer divides his expenditure between food, clothing, accommodation and transport in the ratio 2 : 1 : 4 : 3. During the course of a year, the price of food falls by 2%, the price of clothing increases by 4%, the price of accommodation increases by 10% and the price of transport remains constant. Assuming that the weights of a price index reflect the expenditure of the average consumer, what is the increase in the index over the year? A 2.5% B 4% C 10% D 12%

Mark scheme: B

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21 The table shows an extract from a country's current account of its balance of payments accounts. credits $ million export of goods G export of services 204 465 total exports of goods and services 511 275 debits $ million import of goods 417 006 import of services 126 369 total imports of goods and services 543 375 balance $ million trade in goods –110 196 trade in services H total trade in goods and services –32 100 What is the value of export of goods, G, and what is the value of the balance of trade in services, H? export of goods, G trade in services, H $ million $ million A 306 810 78 096 B 306 810 142 296 C 715 740 78 096 D 715 740 142 296

Mark scheme: A

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22 In June 2016 the UK voted to leave the European Union. The table shows what happened to the value of the pound sterling before and after the vote. June Sept £1 = $1.48 £1 = $1.32 The UK is a major trading nation. What is likely to be the short-term impact of the changes in the value of the pound sterling on the UK economy? A increased disinflation B increase in cost-push inflation C more purchasing power of money D reduced demand-pull inflation

Mark scheme: B

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23 To what does the J curve effect directly relate? A balance of payment effects caused by exchange rate changes B exchange rate effects caused by balance of payment changes C import expenditure effects caused by tariff changes D trade creation effects caused by comparative advantage changes

Mark scheme: A

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24 The terms of trade for the major oil exporting country of Saudi Arabia fell from 223 in 2013 to 205 in 2014. What could be a likely cause of this fall? A a fall in the amount of oil exported by Saudi Arabia B a fall in the amount of oil produced by Saudi Arabia C a fall in the price of Saudi Arabian oil exports D an appreciation of the Saudi Arabian currency

Mark scheme: C

More questions on The reasons for international trade

25 A particular good in the Barbados market could be supplied by domestic producers, or producers in Trinidad and Tobago, or producers in the United States (US), at the prices shown in US dollars. origin of production price Barbados $1.00 Trinidad and Tobago $0.85 US $0.75 Originally, Barbados had a 20% ad valorem duty on imports from Trinidad and Tobago and the US. Barbados then formed a customs union with Trinidad and Tobago, with a common external tariff, also of 20%. From which countries would Barbados import the good, before the formation of the customs union and after the formation of the customs union? before after A neither Trinidad and Tobago B neither US C US Trinidad and Tobago D US US

Mark scheme: C

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26 What would reduce an economy’s protection against the import of cars? A a higher quota of imported cars B a higher subsidy for domestic car producers C a higher tariff on imported cars D a lower exchange rate

Mark scheme: A

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27 A country takes no part in international trade and its domestic market price is Pd. The country decides to engage in free trade and the market price rises to the world price (Pw). Sd price Pw Pw X Z Y Pd Dd O quantity What happens to consumer surplus and producer surplus when the economy engages in free trade? A Domestic consumers gain Z only. B Domestic consumers lose X + Y. C Domestic producers gain Z only. D Domestic producers lose X + Y + Z.

Mark scheme: B

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28 A government increases the basic rate of income tax to finance additional spending on apprenticeships and training. Which types of macroeconomic policy are being used? fiscal policy 0 OO WwW PY ~*~ QS 4K OK monetary policy Ke 4 supply side policy << x key J¥ = used X = not used

Mark scheme: C

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29 If an economy experiences a persistent balance of trade deficit, it may choose to place tariffs on imports of manufactured goods. When might the use of tariffs solve a balance of trade deficit in the long term? A when an economy imports a sustainable amount of raw materials B when an economy is experiencing a high rate of inflation C when the demand for imports is inelastic D when the supply of domestically produced goods is elastic

Mark scheme: D

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30 Bulgaria’s Consumer Price Index changed at an annual rate of –2.2% in April 2016. In May the annual rate of change was –1.4%. What fiscal policy and monetary policy would be most appropriate in the short run to restore price stability? fiscal policy monetary policy A decrease government spending decrease interest rates B decrease taxes increase rate of interest C increase government spending decrease interest rates D increase taxes increase rate of interest

Mark scheme: C

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