Cambridge A Level Biology 9700 — 2014 May/June Paper 3 · Variant 4

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages. DC (NF/JG) 65745/5 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level * 7 0 0 8 8 7 1 3 4 9 * BIOLOGY 9700/34 Advanced Practical Skills 2 May/June 2014 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: As listed in the Confidential Instructions. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black ink. You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use red ink, staples, paperclips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 Total

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3 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over Before you proceed, read carefully through the whole of Question 1 and Question 2. Plan the use of the two hours to make sure that you finish all the work that you would like to do. If you have enough time, consider how you can improve the accuracy of your results, for example by obtaining one or more additional measurements. You will gain marks for recording your results according to the instructions. 1 Many plant cells contain a water soluble molecule called ascorbic acid, which has many functions to help the plant survive. You are provided with an extract from plant cells, P, which contains ascorbic acid. Visking tubing, V, is selectively permeable, similar to a cell surface membrane, so that some biological molecules will diffuse through the wall of the tubing. You are required to investigate the diffusion of ascorbic acid from P into the water surrounding the Visking tubing over a period of 15 minutes. Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus before the water was added. paperclip holding the top of the Visking tubing beaker plant extract, P Visking tubing, V Fig. 1.1 (a) (i) Water is added to the beaker in Fig. 1.1. Describe the expected trend in the concentration of ascorbic acid in the water over a period of 15 minutes. … [1]

4 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 You are provided with: labelled contents hazard volume / cm3 A sample of water removed after 15 minutes irritant 15 P plant extract containing ascorbic acid irritant 15 W distilled water none 100 I iodine in potassium iodide solution irritant 20 S starch none 20 labelled details V 15 cm length of Visking tubing in a beaker containing water You must now read up to the end of step 23 before proceeding. To compare the concentration of ascorbic acid in the samples you are required to find the volume of iodine solution, I, added to each sample until the end-point is reached. The drops of I will be added one at a time using a small syringe. To practise releasing drops from a small syringe: 1. Fill the syringe with 2 cm3 of I. 2. Hold the syringe over an empty test-tube and push the plunger gently to release one drop at a time, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

5 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over push gently syringe resting on top of test-tube one drop of I released Fig. 1.2 To compare the concentration of ascorbic acid in the samples you will need to add drops of I until a blue colour appears. When this blue colour lasts for more than 10 seconds, this is the end-point and the volume of I that has been added should be recorded. The apparatus in Fig. 1.1 was set-up and water was added and left for 15 minutes. Sample A was removed from the water in the beaker. You are required to find the volume of I needed to reach the end-point for sample A. Proceed as follows: 3. Put 1 cm3 of S into a test-tube. 4. Put 3 cm3 of the sample (e.g. A) into the same test-tube. 5. Shake the test-tube gently to mix the contents. 6. Fill the syringe, labelled I, with 2 cm3 of I. 7. Wipe off any drops of I from the outside of the syringe with a paper towel. 8. Add one drop of I to the mixture in the test-tube as shown in Fig. 1.2. 9. Mix gently and if there is no colour change add another drop. 10. Continue adding drops, one at a time, until the blue colour appears. Wait 10 seconds to see if the end-point has been reached. If the blue colour disappears then add another drop. 11. Repeat step 10 until the mixture stays blue for at least 10 seconds.

6 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (ii) Record the volume of I needed to reach the end-point. volume … [1] You are required to: • set up Visking tubing containing P as in Fig. 1.3 • decide the level of water to put into the beaker • remove samples of the water surrounding the Visking tubing at 5 minute intervals for 15 minutes • compare the ascorbic acid concentrations in the samples. paperclip holding the top of the Visking tubing beaker plant extract, P Visking tubing, V Fig. 1.3 Samples of water surrounding the Visking tubing will be removed for testing, so you need to take this into account when you decide the level of water to put into the beaker. (iii) Draw on Fig. 1.3 the level of the water • before you remove any samples (label ‘before’), • after the total volume of water needed for all the tests has been removed (label ‘after’). [2] (iv) In order to compare the ascorbic acid concentrations, state one variable which you will need to standardise when finding the volume of I added to each sample. Describe how you will standardise this variable. variable … description … … [1]

7 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over Proceed as follows: 12. Put S, as in step 3, into the four test-tubes you will require in order to test the samples of water. 13. Tie a knot in the Visking tubing as close as possible to one end so that it seals the end. 14. To open the other end, wet the Visking tubing and rub the tubing gently between your fingers. 15. Put 6 cm3 of P into the open end of the Visking tubing. 16. Rinse the outside of the Visking tubing by dipping it into the water in the container labelled V. 17. Put the Visking tubing into an empty beaker as shown in Fig. 1.3. 18. Make sure the open end of the Visking tubing is held in place by a paperclip. You will start timing as soon as you add W (steps 19 and 20). You should read steps 19 to 23 before proceeding. 19. Put W into the beaker to the level you decided in (iii). 20. Immediately start timing and remove the first sample of water (as in step 4) and put into a prepared test-tube (as in step 12). 21. Test the sample as in steps 5 to 11. 22. After 5 minutes, gently mix the water surrounding the Visking tubing and then remove the next sample, put it into a different (prepared) test-tube and repeat steps 5 to 11. 23. Repeat step 22 for two more samples. Record your results in (a)(v) on page 8.

8 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (v) Prepare the space below and record your results. [5] (vi) Describe how the results support your expected trend as stated in (a)(i). … … … [1]

9 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over This investigation provides results to compare the concentration of ascorbic acid in the samples. (vii) If you had been provided with 1.0% ascorbic acid solution, suggest how you would modify this investigation to find the percentage concentration of ascorbic acid in the water after 15 minutes. … … … … … … … [2] (viii) A systematic error occurs when apparatus with scales are used, since the scales may be slightly different. For example, when measuring the same line, two rulers may give different lengths. However, as long as the same ruler is used for all the measurements, the trend is not affected because the error is consistent. State one piece of apparatus used in this investigation that may have a systematic error. Suggest whether this affected your results and give a reason for your answer. apparatus … reason … … [1]

10 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (b) Iodine solution (iodine in potassium iodide solution) turns blue-black when starch is present in plant tissues. However, as ascorbic acid is also found in plant tissues, some scientists investigated the effect of testing for starch with iodine solution when there was ascorbic acid present. The concentration of ascorbic acid was 0.0001 mol dm−3 and the concentration of starch solution was standardised. The percentage of starch which reacted with the iodine solution was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 volume of iodine solution / cm3 percentage of starch which reacted with iodine solution 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.0 1.5 5.0 2.0 36.0 2.5 68.0

11 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (i) Plot a graph of the data shown in Table 1.1. You will need to consider the answer to (b)(ii) before you plot your graph. [4] (ii) Estimate the volume of iodine solution needed for 100% of the starch to be reacted. Show on your graph how you obtained the volume of iodine solution. volume of iodine solution … cm3 [1] (iii) Explain how the presence of ascorbic acid may affect the use of iodine solution as a test for the presence of starch in different plant tissues. … … … … … [2]

12 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (iv) A plant tissue contains 0.0001 mol dm−3 ascorbic acid and starch. Suggest how you would make sure that the iodine test showed the presence of all the starch (100%). … … … [1] [Total: 22]

13 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over 2 The eyepiece graticule scale in your microscope may be used to measure the actual length of the layers of tissues or cells, if the scale has been calibrated against a stage micrometer. However, to help draw the correct shape and proportions of tissues or cells, as in (a)(i), it is not necessary to calibrate the eyepiece graticule scale. (a) M1 is a stained transverse section showing the tissues where there is gas exchange in a mammal. (i) Make a large drawing to show the details of three whole structures which are specialised for gas exchange (alveoli). The walls of one alveolus must be touching the walls of the other two alveoli. On your drawing, use a ruled label line and label to show one nucleus. [4] (ii) On your drawing, use a ruled label line and label to show where gas exchange takes place. [1] (iii) State one observable feature, shown in your drawing, that supports the conclusion that gas exchange is a function of this tissue. Explain how this feature enables gas exchange to take place. feature … explanation … … [2]

14 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (b) Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of a stained transverse section through the tissues in a leaf where gas exchange takes place. This plant species is native to South America. 54 +m this area is needed for E LL Fig. 2.1 (i) Use a ruled label line and the label Z on Fig. 2.1 to show one observable feature which has reduced transpiration. Explain how this feature has decreased the rate of transpiration. … … [2]

15 9700/34/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (ii) Make a large drawing of the whole cells shown inside the area shown by the line on Fig. 2.1. On your drawing, use a ruled label line and label to one guard cell. [5] (iii) Calculate the magnification of Fig. 2.1 using the scale bar. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. magnification × … [4] [Total: 18]

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CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 9700 BIOLOGY 9700/34 Paper 34 (Advanced Practical Skills 2), maximum raw mark 40 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper GCE AS LEVEL – May/June 2014 9700 34 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 Mark scheme abbreviations: ; separates marking points / alternative answers for the same point R reject A accept (for answers correctly cued by the question, or by extra guidance) AW alternative wording (where responses vary more than usual) underline actual word given must be used by candidate (grammatical variants accepted) max indicates the maximum number of marks that can be given ora or reverse argument mp marking point (with relevant number) ecf error carried forward I ignore

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper GCE AS LEVEL – May/June 2014 9700 34 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 1 (a) (i) idea of increase ; [1] (ii) stated volume or same volume of sample or starch + syringe ; [1] (iii) two levels drawn and labelled with ‘before’ ; + ‘after’ + water level after lower than before ; lowest level still covers contents of Visking tubing ; [2] (iv) stated volume or same volume of sample or starch + syringe ; [1] (v) all columns separated by a line + all headings underlined ; (top or left of data) time (/) min(utes) ; + (any column / row headed) vol(ume) of iodine or I cm3or ml(s) ; records results at four times (0, 5, 10, 15) ; records a value for 5 minutes that is lower than the rest ; all values to one decimal place ; [5] (vi) check results against answer to (a)(i) must show agreement ; [1] (vii) idea of serial dilution or simple dilution (of 1%) ; use graph to find % concentration ; [2] (viii) syringe or stopwatch + no effect + if use same syringe or stopwatch or idea of different syringe used + systematic error + not true value ; [max 1] (b) (i) (x–axis) vol(ume) of iodine (/) cm3 + (y–axis) percent(age) or % of starch reacted (with iodine solution) ; (x–axis) 0.5 to 2 cm labelled each 2 cm except origin and 3.0 / 3.5 + (y–axis) 20 to 2 cm labelled each 2 cm except origin and 100 ; correct plotting of five points as small cross or dot in circle or cross ; five plots + ruled sharp lines exactly point to point or ruled line of best fit + sharp smooth line ; [max 4] (ii) correct estimation from graph by shown extrapolation ; [1] (iii) idea of too much ascorbic acid then iodine may not stain or idea of having to add more iodine in order to observe colour ; need to know how much ascorbic acid in plant tissues to make test accurate ; [max 2]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper GCE AS LEVEL – May/June 2014 9700 34 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (iv) use 3 cm3 or more of iodine or more iodine, or excess iodine or the volume given in (b)(ii) or more ; [max 1] [Total: 22] 2 (a) (i) at least 3 enclosed areas + size 40 mm across largest enclosed area at widest point + sharp continuous line + no shading ; only three complete enclosed areas + each enclosed area touching at least one other enclosed area ; nucleus drawn + membrane no more than twice the width of the nucleus ; uses label line + label to only one nucleus ; [4] (ii) correct label line to the surface of the alveoli ; [1] (iii) air space / large surface area / wall one cell thick / thin alveolar wall ; diffusion or idea of more efficient gas exchange ; [2] (b) (i) Z to closed guard cells ; idea of stomata / guard cell / air space(s) + closed + reduces diffusion of water or reduces evaporation ; [2] (ii) at least whole 5 cells + size of the largest cell at its largest dimension at least 50 mm + no ruled lines + no shading ; draws only whole cells within the boundary + at least five cells ; length of stomatal gap is the same or shorter than the length of the guard cell on the right ; shows inclusions in the three largest cells ; correctly labelled with label line to only one guard cell ; [5] (iii) measures scale bar to 22 + mm + to within 1 mm ; (A) shows conversion of scale bar in mm to µm (× 1000) or (B) shows conversion of 54 µm to mm (54 divided by 1000 R=0.054 mm) ; (A) show measurement of scale bar in µm divided by 54 µm or (B) shows measurement of scale bar in mm divided by 0.054 mm; (A) and (B) rounds answer to a whole number; [4] [Total: 18]