Cambridge A Level Biology 9700 — 2011 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 2

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB11 11_9700_12/3RP © UCLES 2011 [Turn over *2979122480* UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level BIOLOGY 9700/12 Paper 1 Multiple Choice October/November 2011 1 hour Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet.

2 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 1 What is the diameter of a typical plant cell? A 1.0 × 102 nm B 4.0 × 102 nm C 4.0 × 100 µm D 4.0 × 101 µm 2 Where would cisternae be found in a cell? 1 endoplasmic reticulum 2 Golgi apparatus 3 mitochondrion A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1 only 3 Ribosomes exist as separate subunits that bind together during protein synthesis. What do these subunits consist of? A mRNA and protein B mRNA and tRNA C rRNA and protein D rRNA and tRNA 4 Which cell components contain mRNA? 1 chloroplast 2 mitochondrion 3 nucleus 4 rough endoplasmic reticulum A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 2, 3 and 4 only D 3 and 4 only

3 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 [Turn over 5 The diagram shows a stage micrometer on which the small divisions are 0.1 mm. It is viewed through an eyepiece containing a graticule. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 The stage micrometer is replaced by a slide of a plant cell. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 What is the width of a chloroplast? A 0.5 mm B 10 µm C 50 µm D 100 µm 6 Which processes occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes? 1 hydrolysis 2 mitosis 3 transcription 4 translation A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4

4 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 7 High concentrations of urea break all bonds, except covalent bonds, in protein molecules. Which level of protein structure would remain unchanged when a protein is treated with urea? A primary B secondary C tertiary D quaternary 8 Two disaccharides are cellobiose and sucrose. Cellobiose is formed from two molecules of glucose, whilst sucrose is formed from fructose and glucose. Which row shows the molecular formulae of the two disaccharides? cellobiose sucrose A C12H22O11 C12H22O11 B C12H22O11 C12H24O12 C C12H24O12 C12H22O11 D C12H24O12 C12H24O12

5 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 [Turn over 9 The diagram shows part of a carbohydrate molecule. C O CH2OH CH2 HO OH HO HO CH2OH O C O HO OH OH O O C O HO OH CH2OH C O HO OH Which polymers could this be part of? 1 amylopectin 2 amylose 3 glycogen 4 starch A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 3 and 4 C 2 and 4 only D 3 and 4 only 10 Solutions of biological molecules are tested for sugars. The table shows the colours of the solutions after testing. solution heated with Benedict’s solution boiled with hydrochloric acid, neutralised, then heated with Benedict’s solution 1 blue orange 2 orange green 3 yellow red Which may contain non-reducing sugars? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

6 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 11 When a lake begins to freeze, which properties of water are needed for fish to survive? 1 Water has a high surface tension. 2 Water has a high latent heat of vaporisation. 3 Water has a high thermal capacity. 4 Water has its maximum density at 4 °C. 1 2 3 4 A     key B     = needed C     = not needed D     12 In an enzyme-catalysed reaction, which combination of inhibitor and substrate would result in the highest rate of reaction? inhibitor substrate concentration A competitive high B competitive low C non-competitive high D non-competitive low 13 Following a heart attack, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase leaks into the blood plasma from damaged heart muscle. Which steps are required to obtain the best estimate of lactate dehydrogenase activity in a sample of blood plasma? sterilise blood plasma by heating incubate with substrate for lactate dehydrogenase incubate with lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor A    key B    = step required C    = step not required D   

7 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 [Turn over 14 Red blood cells were placed in a solution of sodium chloride with a less negative water potential than the cell contents. Haemoglobin was released from the cells. By what process was the haemoglobin released? A active transport B exocytosis C facilitated diffusion D lysis of cell 15 The table shows three processes that contribute to transport across cell surface membranes. Which processes are the result of random movement of molecules? diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis A    key B     = random C     = non-random D    16 The cell surface membranes of plants adapted to cold conditions change as the weather gets colder, allowing the plants to carry out exocytosis. Which change occurs? A a decrease in the ratio of proteins to saturated phospholipids B a decrease in the ratio of unsaturated phospholipids to saturated phospholipids C an increase in the ratio of proteins to unsaturated phospholipids D an increase in the ratio of unsaturated phospholipids to saturated phospholipids 17 Which statements about a diploid cell are correct? 1 can divide by mitosis to repair itself 2 possesses two complete sets of chromosomes 3 undergoes a reduction division to form haploid cells 4 undergoes mitotic division to allow growth to occur A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 2 and 4 only D 2, 3 and 4 only

8 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 18 Meiosis and mitosis are two types of cell division. A cell has 20 chromosomes before it divides. How many chromosomes will it have after dividing by meiosis or mitosis? meiosis mitosis A 5 20 B 10 20 C 20 10 D 40 10 19 The graph shows the length of the spindle fibres during mitosis. Which region of the graph shows when the centromeres detach from the spindle fibres? A B C D time length of spindle fibres 20 In a genetic engineering experiment, a piece of double-stranded DNA containing 12 × 103 nucleotides coding for specific polypeptide is transcribed and translated. What is the total number of amino acids in this polypeptide? A 6 × 103 B 4 × 103 C 2 × 103 D 1 × 103 21 What is the correct sequence for the processes involved in the formation of an enzyme in a cell? A transcription → condensation → translation → ionic bonding B translation → hydrogen bonding → transcription → condensation C transcription → translation → condensation → ionic bonding D translation → transcription → ionic bonding → hydrogen bonding

9 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 [Turn over 22 The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule. 2 1 3 4 Which row correctly identifies the structures labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4? 1 2 3 4 A cytosine phosphate guanine deoxyribose sugar B deoxyribose sugar phosphate adenine cytosine C deoxyribose sugar phosphate cytosine thymine D phosphate deoxyribose sugar cytosine adenine

10 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 23 Bacteria were grown in a medium containing 15N. After several generations, all of the DNA contained 15N. Some of these bacteria were transferred to a medium containing the common isotope of nitrogen, 14N. The bacteria were allowed to divide once. The DNA of some of these bacteria was extracted and analysed. This DNA was all hybrid DNA containing equal amounts of 14N and 15N. Some bacteria from the medium with 15N were transferred into a medium of 14N. The bacteria were allowed to divide twice. The graph shows the percentages of 14N and 15N in the DNA of these bacteria. 14N 14N / 15N 100 75 50 25 0 percentage of DNA Some bacteria from the medium with 15N were transferred into a medium of 14N. The bacteria were allowed to divide three times. What would be the percentages of 14N and 15N in the DNA extracted from these bacteria? 14N 14N / 15N 100 75 50 25 0 percentage of DNA A 14N 14N / 15N 100 75 50 25 0 percentage of DNA B 14N 14N / 15N 100 75 50 25 0 percentage of DNA C 14N 14N / 15N 100 75 50 25 0 percentage of DNA D

11 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 [Turn over 24 The diagram shows pressure changes in the aorta, left atrium and left ventricle during the cardiac cycle. 20 10 0 –1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 pressure / kPa time / s left ventricle aorta left atrium key 1 5 2 4 3 Which row explains the changes in the left ventricle at different times on the graph? region of graph muscles of ventricle wall volume of left ventricle A between 1 and 2 contract remains constant B between 2 and 3 relax increases C between 3 and 4 contract remains constant D between 4 and 5 relax decreases 25 Which row shows the changes in concentration in the red blood cells when carbon dioxide diffuses from respiring cells? carbonic anhydrase hydrogencarbonate ions hydrogen ions A decreases no change no change B increases increases increases C no change decrease increase D no change increase increase

12 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 26 The following are all structural components of blood vessels. 1 collagen fibres 2 elastic fibres 3 endothelial cells 4 smooth muscle cells Which row shows the distribution of these components in different blood vessels? artery vein A 1, 2 and 4 1, 3 and 4 B 2, 3 and 4 1, 3 and 4 C 1, 2, 3 and 4 1, 2, 3 and 4 D 1, 2, 3 and 4 2, 3 and 4 27 Which components of blood are also present in tissue fluid? phagocytes proteins sodium ions A    key B    = present C    = absent D   

13 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 [Turn over 28 The diagram shows a longitudinal section through transport tissue in a plant stem. X What are the names of the element labelled X and the tissue in which it is found? element X tissue A sieve tube phloem B sieve tube xylem C vessel phloem D vessel xylem 29 The diagram shows the tissues of the transport system of flowering plants. Where is the water potential most negative? A D C B mesophyll cell root cell

14 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 30 Which evidence supports the theory of water movement by root pressure in flowering plants? 1 When the rate of transpiration of a tree is maximum, the diameter of the trunk is minimum. 2 When a plant shoot is removed close to the base of the stem, sap leaks out from the cut. 3 Evaporation of water from a porous pot can exert a force that draws water up a glass tube attached underneath the pot. 4 Droplets of water form at the edge of leaves of plants growing in conditions of soil with high water content and air with high humidity. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4 31 Cardiovascular disease is said to be multifactorial. What does this mean? A You can get the disease, if you are exposed to one or more risk factors. B You can never get the disease, if you are exposed to only one risk factor. C You only get the disease, if you are exposed to all the risk factors. D You will always get the disease, if you are exposed to all the risk factors.

15 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 [Turn over 32 The first diagram shows a spirometer, which is an apparatus used to measure changes in lung volume. The cover rises during exhalation and falls during inhalation, producing a trace on the rotating drum. The second diagram shows a typical trace from a spirometer. lung volume time X Y Z mouthpiece one way valve carbon dioxide absorber breathing tube water seal medical grade oxygen rotating drum cover which rises as subject breathes out and falls as subject breathes in Which would give the vital capacity? A X + Y B X – Y C X + Y + Z D X – Y + Z

16 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 33 Which row shows a correct location of cartilage and smooth muscle in the human gas exchange system? cartilage smooth muscle A respiratory bronchioles terminal bronchioles B respiratory bronchioles trachea C trachea bronchi D trachea respiratory bronchioles 34 Which observation would indicate a difference between the structure of the gas exchange system of a cigarette smoker and a non-smoker? A the absence of ciliated epithelium in the bronchioles B the decrease in elastic fibres in the bronchioles C the enlargement of goblet cells in the bronchi D the increase in smooth muscle 35 Which row is correct? disease causative agent method of infection A cholera bacterium ingestion B HIV / AIDS virus water-borne C malaria protoctist blood transfusion D tuberculosis (TB) virus inhalation 36 Why is passive immunity effective for only a short time? A antibodies are rapidly broken down B antigens are rapidly broken down C memory cells soon die D phagocytes soon die 37 What is the first response by the immune system to a pathogen? A ingestion of the pathogen by B-lymphocytes B ingestion of the pathogen by phagocytes C production of antibodies D production of antigens

17 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 [Turn over 38 Within an ecosystem, the top consumers in a food chain are few in number. Which statement explains this? A Energy losses in the consumers’ digestive systems. B Energy losses occur at each trophic level. C Top consumers have a low reproductive rate. D Top consumers are large in size. 39 The diagram shows the flow of energy through a food chain. Figures are in kJ m–2 year–1. reflection and transmission light 1 000 000 green plants carnivore herbivore 20 1200 respiration, excretion and defecation respiration, excretion and defecation respiration 5 000 1 000 60 other herbivores and death of plants 80 other carnivores and death of herbivores 990 000 What percentage of light energy is converted to net primary productivity? A 0.1 % B 0.5 % C 1.0 % D 5.0 %

18 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 40 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle. Which process is increased in poorly drained soil? nitrogen in atmosphere ammonium compounds animal proteins nitrates nitrites plant proteins A B D C

19 © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 BLANK PAGE

20 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2011 9700/12/O/N/11 BLANK PAGE

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level and GCE Advanced Level MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 9700 BIOLOGY 9700/12 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice), maximum raw mark 40 Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2011 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses.

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper GCE AS/A LEVEL – October/November 2011 9700 12 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 Question Number Key Question Number Key 1 D 21 C 2 A 22 C 3 C 23 C 4 A 24 A 5 B 25 D 6 C 26 C 7 A 27 B 8 A 28 D 9 B 29 B 10 C 30 D 11 D 31 A 12 A 32 A 13 C 33 C 14 D 34 C 15 B 35 A 16 D 36 A 17 D 37 B 18 B 38 B 19 D 39 B 20 C 40 D