Cambridge A Level Arabic - Language (AS Level only) 8680 — 2022 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

تعليمات ● أَجب عن جميع األسئلة باللغة العربية. ● استخدم قلماً ذا حبرٍ أسود أو أزرق داكن. ال تستخدم قلماً قابالً للمحو أو سائل تصحيح. ● اكتب اسمك، ورقم المركز، ورقمك في المربعات في أعلى الصفحة. ● اكتب إجابتك عن كل سؤال في المكان المخصص. ● ال تكتب على أيّ رموز شريطية (باركودات). ● ال يسمح بإدخال المعاجم. معلومات عالمة.70 ● العالمة اإلجمالية لهذه الورقة هي ● عالمات األسئلة موضحّة بين قوسين مربعين [ ]. ● يحتوي المُرفق على مقاطع القراءة. This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Turn over Cambridge International AS Level DC (SLM) 319456 © UCLES 2022 ARABIC LANGUAGE 8680/21 Paper 2 Reading and Writing October/November 2022 1 hour 45 minutes You must answer on the question paper. You will need: Insert (enclosed) INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all the questions in Arabic. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● Dictionaries are not allowed. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 70. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. ● The insert contains the reading passages. * 1 0 8 9 7 7 2 3 6 6 *

(a) … [1] … (b) … [1] … (c) … [1] … (d) … [1] … (e) … [1] … .شهدت بعض األنظمة الغذائيّة النباتيّة شعبيّة مُتزايدة .التخلُّص من الوزن الزائد والتمتُّع بالرشاقة والحيوية .النّاس يتجاهلون اآلراء الطبية . من األطفال نباتيون%10 ّأظهرت دراسة حديثة أن .النظام النباتي المَرِن يَسمح بتناوُل المُنتجات الحيوانية .مثال: النظام النباتي الصارم يعتمد على تناوُل الخضراوات والفواكه الطبيعية جواب: المُتساهل :)هاتِ المعنى المُضاد لكلّ كلمة تحتها خط في الجُمل اآلتية (اِستعمل في إجاباتك كلمة واحدة فقط 1 2 8680/21/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022

2 (a) … [1] … (b) … [1] … (c) … [1] … (d) … [1] … (e) … [1] … )مثال: انضمام عشرات اآلالف إلى النظام النباتي سنويًّا. (عشرة جواب: انضمام عشرة آالف إلى النظام النباتي سنويًّا. )تمّ تصنيف األنظمة النباتية إلى عدّة أنواع. (النّظام )ْقد يُؤدّي إلى انخفاض حادّ وخطير في الوزن. (لم )َّالذين يُعانون األمراض المُزمنة. (هُن )ّإنّ هناك كثيرًا من الناس يتجاهلون اآلراء الطبية. (ظل )الذي يُساهم في تكوين العظام والعضالت. (يُساهمان أعد صياغة كل جملة مما يأتي مستخدمًا الكلمة التي بين قوسين بدالً من الكلمة التي تحتها خط، وغيّرْ ما يلزم في الجملة، وذلك على نحو المثال اآلتي: 3 8680/21/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over

3 (a) … … [2] … (b) … … [2] … (c) … … … [3] … (d) … … … [3] … .1 ّأجب باللُّغة العربيّة عن األسئلة اآلتية بأسلوبك الخاصّ دون أن تنسخ جُمالً كاملة منَ النّص ] درجات إلى المجموع الكلّي لجودة اللُّغة المُستعملة في 5[ سُجّلتِ الدّرجات في نهاية كلّ سؤال. تُضاف اإلجابات. هاتِ من الفقرة األولى ميزتين اثنتين للنظام النباتي الصّارم. وَفقًا للفقرة الثانية، اذكر ثالثة أسباب ساعدت على انتشار النظام الغذائي النباتي في العالم. المتناع البشر عن استهالك اللحوم تأثيرٌ إيجابيٌّ في البيئة. هل يُوافق الكاتب على هذا القول؟ اذكر في جوابك دليلين من الفقرة الثالثة. لماذا تَسمح بعض األنظمة النباتية بتناوُل أنواع مُحدّدة من المُنتجات الحيوانية؟ اذكر أمرين. [20 = 5 + 15 :]المجموع 4 8680/21/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022

(e) … … … [3] … (f) … … [2] … .للتغذية النباتية الصارمة عدّة أضرار. اذكر ثالث نقاط في رأي الكاتب، ما الواجب تَحقيقُه قبْل تبنّي النظام النباتي الصارم؟ هاتِ نقطتين. [20 :]المجموع 5 8680/21/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over

4 (a) … … [2] … (b) … … … [3] … (c) … … … [3] … .2 ّأجب باللُّغة العربيّة عن األسئلة اآلتية بأسلوبك الخاصّ دون أن تنسخ جُمالً كاملة منَ النّص ] درجات إلى المجموع الكلّي لجودة اللُّغة المُستعملة في 5[ سُجّلتِ الدّرجات في نهاية كلّ سؤال. تُضاف اإلجابات. لماذا سُميّت الوجبات السريعة بهذا االسم؟ اذكر نقطتين. تتسبّب الوجبات السريعة في أضرار نفسية واجتماعية. اذكر ثالث نقاط. وَفقًا للفقرة الثانية، ما أسباب إقبال الناس على الوجبات السريعة؟ هاتِ ثالث نقاط. [20 = 5 + 15 :]المجموع 6 8680/21/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022

(d) … … … … [4] … (e) … … … [3] … .ما النتائج المُترتّبة على اتّباع اإلرشادات الصحيّة؟ اذكر ثالث نقاط [20 :]المجموع لإلجراءات القانونية أثر بارز في التقليل من مخاطر الوجبات السريعة. عدّد أربعة إجراءات. 7 8680/21/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over

5 [10] (a) [5] (b) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … لخصّ النصّين السابقين مُبيّنًا أسباب اإلقبال على النظام النّباتي الصّارم والوجبات السريعة، ومُوضّحًا أخطارهما الصحيّة. من وجهة نظرك الخاصّة، كيف سيكون شكل المطاعم في المُستقبل؟ [20 = 5 + 15 :]المجموع 8 8680/21/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [20 :]المجموع 9 8680/21/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022

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BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. 12 8680/21/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022

This document consists of 19 printed pages. © UCLES 2022 [Turn over Cambridge International AS Level ARABIC 8680/21 Paper 2 Reading and Writing October/November 2022 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 70 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2022 series for most Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 2 of 19 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 3 of 19 GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 4 of 19 1 General Marking Notes 1.1 Annotations in RM Assessor Question 1 Enter a mark of 1, 0 or NR as appropriate for each item ((a), (b), (c) etc.) in the mark input box. Annotate the script where necessary. Question 2 Enter a mark of 1, 0 or NR as appropriate for each item ((a), (b), (c) etc.) in the mark input box. Annotate the script where necessary. Questions 3 and 4 Content marks • Annotate each correct point with a tick. • Use the LM annotation to indicate any phrases which are copied directly from the passage. Quality of Language Mark • If any items have scored zero or NR for content, insert an on-page comment on the script under the last item in the question. Type in the details of the Quality of Language mark, e.g.: Question 5 • If the answer to 5a exceeds 150 words, insert a slash after the 150th word to show the end of the response to be marked. • If the answer to 5b exceeds 50 words, insert a slash after the 50th word to show the end of the response to be marked. Summary • Annotate each correct point with a tick up to a maximum of 10 ticks.

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 5 of 19 2 General Marking Principles 2.1 Please note that it is not possible to list all acceptable alternatives in the Detailed Mark Scheme provided on the following pages. You will need to consider all alternative answers and unexpected approaches in candidates' scripts, make a decision on whether they communicate the required elements, in consultation with the Principal Examiner if necessary, and award marks accordingly. 2.2 Crossing out: (a) If a candidate changes his/her mind over an answer and crosses out an attempt, award a mark if the final attempt is correct. (b) If a candidate crosses out an answer to a whole question but makes no second attempt at it, mark the crossed out work. 2.3 More than one response offered by the candidate in Questions 1 and 2: If a candidate gives more than one response to any of the items in Question 1 or Question 2 and does not indicate which is their final response, mark as follows: Both answers correct = 1 mark One answer correct and one answer incorrect = 0 marks 2.4 No response and '0' marks There is a NR (No Response) option in RM Assessor. Award NR (No Response): • If there is nothing written at all in the answer space or • If there is only a comment which does not in any way relate to the question being asked (e.g. 'can’t do' or 'don’t know') or • If there is only a mark which isn’t an attempt at the question (e.g. a dash, a question mark). Award 0: • If there is any attempt that earns no credit. This could, for example, include the candidate copying all or some of the question, or any working that does not earn any marks, whether crossed out or not.

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 6 of 19 Detailed Mark Scheme Section 1 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Question 1 1(a) مُتناقصة/ مُنخفضة 1 1(b) يمنع/ يرفض 1 1(c) /البدانة/ السمنة الثقل 1 1(d) أخفت/ حجبت 1 1(e) يدركون/ يهتمُّون/ يتبعون 1

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 7 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Question 2 (synonyms/antonyms) The candidates must find, where possible, a single word equivalent to/opposite of the words given. Accept minor spelling errors. 2(a) .تمّ تصنيف النّظام النباتي إلى عدّة أنواع 1 2(b) اللذان .يُساهمان في تكوين العظام والعضالت 1 2(c) لمْ يُؤدِّ إلى .انخفاض حادّ وخطير في الوزن 1 2(d) .ظلّ هناك كثيرٌ من الناس يتجاهلون اآلراء الطبية 1 2(e) هُنَّ يُعانين.األمراض المُزمنة 1

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 8 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Question 3 Candidates must not copy word for word from the text. 3(a) 2 .يَعتمد على تناوُل الخضراوات والفواكه 1 يتجنّب المُنتجات الحيوانية بجميع أشكالها . 1 3(b) 2 .تحسين عملية الهضم 1 الحصول على عنصر الكالسيوم/ تكوين العظام 1 3(c) 3 .ازدياد األماكن التي تبيع المُنتجات النباتية 1 .تعدّد كُتب الطبخ 1 .دور وسائل اإلعالم في الترويج 1

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 9 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses 3(d) 3 .نعم 1 يُقلّل الغازات التي تَنبعث من إنتاج اللحوم/ يقلل االحتباس الحراري/ حماية كوكب .األرض 1 .يُوفّر مساحات كبيرة لزراعة المحاصيل/ حماية كوكب األرض 1 3(e) 3 .انخفاض حادّ وخطير في الوزن 1 .ارتفاع خطر إصابة (الحامل) بفقر الدم 1 تأخُّر .نمو األطفال في بعض الحاالت 1 3(f) 2 .استشارة الطبيب/ االهتمام باآلراء الطبية 1 القيام ب .تحاليل طبية دورية/ مراقبة نسبة الفيتامينات والمعادن واأللياف 1

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 10 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Quality of Language – Accuracy [5] 5 Very good Consistently accurate. Only very few errors of minor significance. Accurate use of more complex structures (verb forms, tenses, prepositions, word order). 4 Good Higher incidence of error than above, but clearly has a sound grasp of the grammatical elements in spite of lapses. Some capacity to use accurately more complex structures. 3 Sound Fair level of accuracy. Common tenses and regular verbs mostly correctly formed. Some problems in forming correct agreement of adjectives. Difficulty with irregular verbs, use of prepositions. 2 Below average Persistent errors in tense and verb forms. Prepositions frequently incorrect. Recurrent errors in agreement of adjectives. 0–1 Poor Little or no evidence of grammatical awareness. Most constructions incomplete or incorrect. Consistent and repeated error.

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 11 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Additional marking guidance for Quality of Language The five marks available for Quality of Language are awarded globally for the whole performance on each set of answers. A concise answer, containing all mark-bearing components for Content is scored on the full range of marks for language, i.e. length does not determine the Quality of Language mark. Answers scoring 0 for Content cannot contribute to the overall Quality of Language mark. Identify the answer(s) scoring 0 for Content in the whole set of answers. Then add together the number of Content marks available for each of these questions and reduce the Quality of Language mark according to the following table: Total Content marks available on questions where a candidate scores 0 Reduce Quality of Language mark by: 2–3 1 4–5 2 6–7 3 8–14 4 15 5 Note: A minimum of one mark for Quality of Language should be awarded if there are any Content marks at all (i.e. 0 Quality of Language marks only if 0 Content marks).

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 12 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Question 4 Candidates must not copy word for word from the text. 4(a) 2 تُحضَّر من مكونات جاهزة في غالب األحيان. 1 تُقدَّم في زمن قياسي. 1 4(b) 3 انهماك الناس في العمل ساعات.طويلة 1 .غالء مُكوّنات الوجبة الصحية 1 قيام المطاعم بحمالت تسويقية. 1 4(c) 3 اإلصابة باالكتئاب. 1 التقليل من فُرص تدريب األبناء على آداب الطعام . 1 .إضعاف العالقات األسرية 1

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 13 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses 4(d) 4 فرض ضرائب على مُكوّنات الوجبات. 1 ال تشدّد في منْح المطاعم تراخيص . 1 .منْع دعاية المأكوالت غير الصحية 1 .إلزام الدوائر التعليمية اعتمادَ دورات توعويّة 1 4(e) 3 .الحفاظ على األسنان/ أو ما يؤدي المعنى نفسه 1 .انخفاض نسبة الكوليسترول في الدّم/ أو ما يؤدي المعنى نفسه 1 المُحافظة على .ضغط الدّم/ أو ما يؤدي المعنى نفسه 1

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 14 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Quality of Language – Accuracy [5] 5 Very good Consistently accurate. Only very few errors of minor significance. Accurate use of more complex structures (verb forms, tenses, prepositions, word order). 4 Good Higher incidence of error than above, but clearly has a sound grasp of the grammatical elements in spite of lapses. Some capacity to use accurately more complex structures. 3 Sound Fair level of accuracy. Common tenses and regular verbs mostly correctly formed. Some problems in forming correct agreement of adjectives. Difficulty with irregular verbs, use of prepositions. 2 Below average Persistent errors in tense and verb forms. Prepositions frequently incorrect. Recurrent errors in agreement of adjectives. 0–1 Poor Little or no evidence of grammatical awareness. Most constructions incomplete or incorrect. Consistent and repeated error.

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 15 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Additional marking guidance for Quality of Language The five marks available for Quality of Language are awarded globally for the whole performance on each set of answers. A concise answer, containing all mark-bearing components for Content is scored on the full range of marks for language, i.e. length does not determine the Quality of Language mark. Answers scoring 0 for Content cannot contribute to the overall Quality of Language mark. Identify the answer(s) scoring 0 for Content in the whole set of answers. Then add together the number of Content marks available for each of these questions and reduce the Quality of Language mark according to the following table: Total Content marks available on questions where a candidate scores 0 Reduce Quality of Language mark by: 2–3 1 4–5 2 6–7 3 8–14 4 15 5 Note: A minimum of one mark for Quality of Language should be awarded if there are any Content marks at all (i.e. 0 Quality of Language marks only if 0 Content marks).

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 16 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Question 5 Length of 5(a) + 5(b) (Summary and Personal Response) • Examiners make a rough estimate of the length by a quick calculation of the number of words on a line. • If the answer to either (a) or (b) is clearly too long, calculate the length more precisely. • If the answer to 5(a) exceeds 150 words, insert a slash line after the 150th word to show the end of the response to be marked. • If the answer to 5(b) exceeds 50 words, insert a slash line after the 50th word to show the end of the response to be marked. Content marks – Summary Indicate with a tick in the body of the text the point being rewarded. Do not penalise ‘lifting’ for content marks in this exercise, but excessive reliance on the text will reduce the language mark. The summary could include the following points (award 1 mark for each point covered up to a maximum of 10 points):

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 17 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses 5(a) لخصّ النصّين السابقين مُبيّنًا أسباب اإلقبال على النظام النّباتي الصّارم والوجبات ،السريعة ًومُوضّح.ا أخطارهما الصحيّة أهم أفكار النّصّ األوّ ل 1 . .االعتماد على الخضراوات والفواكه/ تجنب المنتجات الحيوانية 2 . .ازدياد األماكن التي تبيع المُنتجات النباتية 3 . .تعدُّد كُتب الطبخ 4 . .دور وسائل اإلعالم في الترويج لهذا النظام 5 . .تخفيف مُعاناة الحيوان 6 . حماية كوكب األرض/ تقلل الغازات/ تقليل االحتباس الحراري/ توفير مساحات .كبيرة لزراعة المحاصيل 7 . .التخلص من الوزن الزائد 8 . .انخفاض حادّ وخطير في الوزن 9 . يتسبّب في ارتفاع خطر .إصابة الحامل بفقر الدم 10 . تأخُّر نموّ األطفال. أهم أفكار النّصّ الثّاني 1 . .تقدم في زمن قياسي 2 . انهماك الناس في العمل ساعات طويلة. 3 . .غالء مُكوّنات الوجبة الصحية 4 . .قيام المطاعم بحمالت تسويقية 5 . .اإلصابة باالكتئاب 6 . .اإلصابة بأمراض القلب 7 . .زيادة الوزن 8 . .ضعف العالقات االجتماعية/ تقل فرص تدريب األبناء على آداب الطعام 9 . تآكل األسنان 10

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 18 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Content marks – Response to the Text Mark like a mini-essay according to the variety and interest of the opinions and views expressed, the response to the original text stimulus and the ability to express a personal point of view. Further, more detailed guidance for particular questions will be given to examiners. 5(b) ،من وجهة نظرك الخاصّة كيف سيكون شكل المطاعم في المُستقبل؟ 5 Very good Varied and interesting ideas, showing an element of flair and imagination, a capacity to express a personal point of view. 4 Good Not the flair and imagination of the best candidates, but work still shows an ability to express a range of ideas, maintain interest and respond to the issues raised. 3 Sound A fair level of interest and ideas. May concentrate on a single issue, but there is still a response to ideas in the text. 2 Below average Limited range of ideas; rather humdrum. May disregard the element of response to the text, and write a largely unrelated free-composition. 0–1 Poor Few ideas to offer on the theme. Banal and pedestrian. No element of personal response to the text. Repeated error. 5

8680/21 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 19 of 19 Question Answer Marks Not Allowed Responses Quality of Language – Accuracy [5] 5 Very good Consistently accurate. Only very few errors of minor significance. Accurate use of more complex structures (verb forms, tenses, prepositions, word order). 4 Good Higher incidence of error than above, but clearly has a sound grasp of the grammatical elements in spite of lapses. Some capacity to use accurately more complex structures. 3 Sound Fair level of accuracy. Common tenses and regular verbs mostly correctly formed. Some problems in forming correct agreement of adjectives. Difficulty with irregular verbs, use of prepositions. 2 Below average Persistent errors in tense and verb forms. Prepositions frequently incorrect. Recurrent errors in agreement of adjectives. 0–1 Poor Little or no evidence of grammatical awareness. Most constructions incomplete or incorrect. Consistent and repeated error.