Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2007 Oct/Nov Paper 3 · Variant 1

This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB07 11_0654_03/3RP © UCLES 2007 [Turn over *3721956087* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/03 Paper 3 (Extended) October/November 2007 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use 1 A student compares three different metal wires to see which is the best conductor of electricity. She passes a current of 0.4 A through each wire in turn and measures the voltage required. Table 1.1 shows her results. Table 1.1 wire voltage / V A 0.3 B 2.6 C 6.2 (a) Which wire is the best conductor of electricity? Explain your answer. [2] (b) Calculate the resistance of wire A. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2]

3 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) While doing the experiment the student notices that all of the wires get hot. (i) Calculate the power consumption in wire C. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2] (ii) Use your answer to (i) to suggest which wire gets the hottest. Give a reason for your answer. [1] (d) Calculate the quantity of charge which flows through wire B in one minute. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2]

4 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use 2 Fig. 2.1 shows a small gas burner which can be used to heat water or food contained in a metal cooking pot. The fuel used in this burner is the hydrocarbon butane, C4H10. butane C4H10 cooking pot burner Fig. 2.1 (a) (i) Butane is obtained from crude oil (petroleum). Name the process which is used to separate hydrocarbons in crude oil. [1] (ii) Butane is normally a gas at room temperature. In the type of burner shown in Fig. 2.1 butane is stored as a liquid. Suggest what must be done to gaseous butane to turn it into a liquid. [1] (iii) Butane is a member of a homologous series of hydrocarbons called alkanes. The relative formula (molecular) mass of butane is 58. Draw the graphical (displayed) formula of the alkane whose relative formula mass is 30. [2]

5 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) (i) Explain why the plastic material used to make the handles of cooking pots should be a thermoset and not a thermoplastic. [1] (ii) Explain, in terms of the polymer molecules they contain, why thermoset and thermoplastic materials behave differently when heated. You may draw simple diagrams to help you answer this question. [4] (c) The body of the cooking pot in Fig. 2.1 is made of metal which can be formed into the correct shape because it is malleable. (i) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of atoms in a typical metal. [1] (ii) Use your answer to (i) to explain why metals are malleable. [2]

6 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use 3 Dairy cattle are kept to produce milk. The milk is produced and stored in the cow’s udder. udder In 1965, a long experiment was begun to find out if artificial selection could increase the milk yield of cows. In one set of cows, artificial selection for high milk yield was carried out in each generation. These were called the selected line. In the other set, there was no artificial selection. These were called the control line. Both sets of cows were kept under the same conditions. The mean milk yield from the cows that were born in each year from 1965 to 1990 was calculated. The results are shown in Fig. 3.1. 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 selected line control line mean milk yield per cow / kg year of cow’s birth Fig. 3.1

7 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (a) Calculate the change in mean milk yield per cow between 1965 and 1990 for the selected line, the control line. [2] (b) Describe how artificial selection would have been carried out in the selected line. [4] (c) Suggest a reason for the results for the control line. [1]

8 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use (d) The researchers also looked at the costs of health treatment in each of the two breeding lines. Table 3.1 shows some of the results. Table 3.1 health problem cost of treatment in selected line / $ cost of treatment in control line / $ mastitis (inflammation of the udder) 43 16 lameness 10 6 (i) Suggest an explanation for the results shown in Table 3.1. [2] (ii) State and explain one reason, other than health treatment costs, why it would be more expensive to keep the cows from the selected line than the cows from the control line. [2]

9 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 4 (a) (i) Calculate the speed of a car which travels 320 m in 20 s. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2] (ii) The speed of the car is now doubled. Explain why the momentum doubles but the kinetic energy of the car is four times greater. [3] (b) A car headlamp has a power rating of 60 W. (i) Calculate the current through the headlamp when the voltage across it is 12 V. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2] (ii) State how many joules of energy will be converted every second in the headlamp. [1]

10 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use 5 (a) Amino acids are compounds found in all living organisms. The chemical formula of a typical amino acid is C2H5O2N. (i) Explain why the nitrogen atoms needed by the plant to make amino acids cannot be obtained directly from the nitrogen molecules in the air. [1] (ii) Explain the meaning of the term nitrogen fixation. [1] (iii) Complete the bonding diagram below to show the arrangement of the outer electrons of each atom in a molecule of nitrogen. [2] (b) Fig. 5.1 shows a diagram of industrial apparatus which is used to make ammonia. nitrogen and hydrogen A catalyst liquid ammonia Fig. 5.1

11 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (i) The symbolic equation below for the formation of ammonia is not balanced. Balance the equation. N2 + H2 NH3 [1] (ii) Name two substances flowing through the apparatus at point A. [1] (ii) The catalyst in Fig. 5.1 is made mainly of iron. Suggest why the catalyst is made in the form of a large number of small pieces. [1] (c) Ammonia is used to make the salt ammonium sulphate. The formulae of the ions in this salt are shown below. NH4 + SO4 2- Deduce the formula of ammonium sulphate. Explain your answer. [2]

12 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows two pollen tubes growing from pollen grains on the stigma of an insect-pollinated flower. ovary Y stigma pollen grain pollen grain Fig. 6.1 (a) On Fig. 6.1, use a label line to carefully label a pollen tube. [1] (b) (i) Name the structure that passes down the pollen tube. [1] (ii) Describe what happens when this structure reaches the part labelled Y. [3]

13 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) The pollen grains from which pollen tubes are growing, shown in Fig. 6.1, came from the anthers of other flowers on the same plant as this flower. Is this an example of asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction? Explain your answer. type of reproduction explanation [1] (d) Two of the pollen grains shown in Fig. 6.1 have not grown pollen tubes. These pollen grains were blown by the wind onto the stigma of this flower from a different species of plant. State two ways in which the flower from which these pollen grains were blown would differ from the flower whose stigma and ovary are shown in Fig. 6.1. 1. 2. [2] (e) After the events shown in Fig. 6.1, ovaries develop into fruits, which help to disperse the seeds inside them. Draw a fruit that is dispersed by animals. Label the fruit to explain how it is adapted for animal dispersal. [3]

14 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use 7 (a) Iodine-123 and iodine-131 are radioactive isotopes of iodine that are used to treat patients in medicine. Iodine-123 emits gamma radiation and has a half-life of 13.6 hours. Iodine-131 emits both beta and gamma radiation and has a half-life of 8 days. (i) What is the meaning of the term isotope? [1] (ii) State and explain two reasons why it would be safer for a patient to use iodine-123 rather than iodine-131. 1. 2. [4] (b) Americium-241 has a proton number of 95 and a nucleon (mass) number of 241. What are the proton number and nucleon number of the atom formed when one atom of americium-241 emits one alpha particle? proton number nucleon number [2]

15 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over BLANK PAGE Please turn over for question 8

16 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use 8 Fig. 8.1 shows three cells in a leaf. cell A cell B cell C direction of water movement Fig. 8.1 (a) Name the tissue in which these cells are found. [1] (b) Describe one feature, shown in Fig. 8.1, which indicates that these cells are adapted for photosynthesis. [2] (c) The arrows in Fig. 8.1 show the direction in which water is moving between these cells. (i) Name the process by which the water is moving. [1]

17 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) What does the movement of water suggest about the relative concentration of cell sap in cells A, B and C? Explain your answer. [2] (d) (i) Describe how water is transported from the roots of the plant to the cells shown in Fig. 8.1. [2] (ii) Explain how the rate of water transport to the leaves would be affected if the day became very hot and sunny. [2] (e) Outline two ways in which the tissues in a leaf are supported. 1. 2. [2]

18 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use 9 Some children are swimming in a swimming pool. (a) The children make some small waves on the surface of the water. (i) Are these waves longitudinal or transverse? Explain your answer. [1] (ii) The waves are travelling at a speed of 0.5 m / s and with a frequency of 2 Hz. Calculate the wavelength of these waves. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2] (b) The mass of water in the pool is 60 000 kg. The specific heating capacity of water is 4200 J / kg oC. The water is heated from 25 oC to 30 oC. Calculate the energy needed to do this. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2]

19 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) When the children leave the pool, the water on their bodies evaporates. Explain how this evaporation takes place in terms of water particles. [2] (d) There is a lamp at the bottom of the pool. Fig. 9.1 shows a ray of light from the lamp travelling up to the surface. surface bottom of pool air water lamp Fig. 9.1 The ray of light passes through the surface of the water and up into the air. On the diagram, draw the path of the ray as it leaves the water and goes through the air. [2]

21 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 10 A student added three substances, A, B and C, to three separate beakers each with 25 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid as shown in Fig. 10.1. 25 cm3 dilute sulphuric acid stirring rod substance Fig. 10.1 The observations which the student made are shown in Table 10.1. Table 10.1 substance observations A • gas given off which turns limewater milky • colourless solution formed B • gas given off which burns with a squeaky pop when ignited • colourless solution formed C • no gas given off • blue solution formed (a) (i) Explain which one of the substances, A, B, or C, could have been magnesium carbonate. [2] (ii) Explain which one of the substances, A, B, or C, has reacted with sulphuric acid according to the equation below. H2SO4 + CuO CuSO4 + H2O [2]

22 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use (b) Sulphuric acid occurs in acid rain which forms when rain falls through polluted air. Acid rain may collect in lakes causing harm to plant and animal life. Fig. 10.2 shows two lakes, X and Y, situated in an area known to be affected by acid rain. The water draining into the lakes flows over different types of rock as shown. lake lake X lake X lake lake Y lake Y sedimentary rocks mainly limestone igneous rock containing no limestone Fig. 10.2 Water samples from lakes X and Y were tested and the concentration of sulphuric acid in the samples is shown below. lake concentration of sulphuric acid / moles per dm3 X 0.01 Y 0.0005 (i) Suggest and explain why the concentrations of sulphuric acid in the two lakes are different. [2]

23 © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 For Examiner's Use (ii) The volume of water in lake X is 10 000 000 dm3. Calculate the total mass of sulphuric acid in lake X. Show your working. [3] (c) Sulphuric acid is one of the substances used in the manufacture of detergents. Detergents help to remove grease from clothes. Fig. 10.3 shows a simplified diagram of a typical detergent molecule. One end of the molecule has the properties of an ionic compound, and the rest of the molecule has the properties of a covalent compound. ionic ‘head’ covalent ‘tail’ Fig. 10.3 Describe and explain briefly how detergent molecules help to remove grease from clothes. You may draw simple diagrams to help you to answer this question. [3]

24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2007 0654/03/O/N/07 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2007 question paper 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCE 0654/03 Paper 3 (Extended Theory), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2007 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2007 0654 03 © UCLES 2007 1 (a) A; least / less, voltage required (to pass current of 0.4A); [2] (b) R = V / I ; = 0.3/0.4; = 0.75 Ω; [2] (c) (i) Power = V × I; = 6.2 × 0.4 = 2.48 W; [2] (ii) C gets hottest because most power is dissipated; [1] (d) charge = current × time; = 0.4 x 60 = 24 C; [2] 2 (a) (i) fractional distillation / fractionation ; [1] (ii) cool and pressurise; [1] (iii) two carbons and six hydrogens; ; allow ecf if three carbons and eight hydrogens [2] (b) (i) so it does not melt / change shape during cooking / heating; [1] (ii) polymer molecules are (long) chains; in thermosets there are, strong bonds / crosslinks between, chains / molecules; polymer molecules cannot move past each other (when heated) / diagram; in thermoplastics there are only weak forces between, chains / molecules; polymer molecules can move past each other (when heated) ; [max 4] (c) (i) same sized atoms in a regular lattice; [1] (ii) reference to, sideways / distorting / suitable force (causing layers to slip) ; reference to, layers / atoms, slipping (without material breaking) ; [2]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2007 0654 03 © UCLES 2007 3 (a) +3.8 kg and -1.4 kg one mark for figures + unit ; one mark for indicating (increase and) decrease ; [2] (b) cows with highest yield chosen ; ignore references to genes and used for breeding ; with bull whose, relatives / mother / sisters / daughter, had high milk yield ; repeat in subsequent generations ; [4] (c) any reasonable suggestion, for example cows with high milk yield are, less successful at breeding / less healthy ; [1] (d) (i) idea that selected line are less healthy because they have higher milk yields ; producing a lot of milk puts a strain on the cow ; more milk in / larger, udder makes it more likely it will be inflamed ; more milk carried / more mass, puts more strain on the legs ; idea that they have not been selected for health / may by chance be genes for poor health in this group of cows ; [max 2] (ii) more food needed ; to provide, energy / materials, for making milk ; [2] 4 (a) (i) speed = distance/time; = 320/20 = 16 m/s; [2] (ii) KE = ½ mv2; momentum = m x v; KE depends on velocity squared so × 4; [3] (b) (i) current = power/voltage; = 60/12 = 5 A; [2] (ii) 60 ; [1]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2007 0654 03 © UCLES 2007 5 (a) (i) nitrogen is too unreactive / bond in nitrogen molecule very strong; [1] (ii) (atmospheric) nitrogen converted into a nitrogen compound; [1] (iii) three shared pairs; lone pairs on both atoms; [2] (b) (i) N2 + 3H2 → 2 NH3; [1] (ii) two from: nitrogen/hydrogen/ammonia/named noble gas; [1] (iii) reference to large surface area (increasing efficiency); [1] (c) (NH4)2SO4; ref. to need for charges to be balanced; [2] 6 (a) label correct ; [1] (b) (i) (male) nucleus / (male) gamete ; [1] (ii) fertilisation ; nucleus / male gametes, fuses with, egg cell (nucleus) / female gamete ; to form a zygote ; which develops into an embryo ; ovule develops into a seed ; [max 3] (c) sexual because it involves, gametes / fertilisation / zygote ; [1] (d) anthers hang outside flower ; stigma hangs outside flower ; stigma is feathery ; no petals / petals dull ; no nectar ; no scent ; [max 2] (e) drawing shows a fruit with features that would favour dispersal by animals (e.g. hooks, edible flesh) ; labels indicate how the fruit would be dispersed (e.g. stick to fur, flesh eaten) ; detail of dispersal (e.g. drops off fur, seeds egested) ; [3]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2007 0654 03 © UCLES 2007 7 (a) (i) an element which has atoms/nuclei containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons; [1] (ii) has shorter half-life / decays faster ; therefore less radiation emitted / radioactive for a shorter time ; no beta emission; beta is more ionising / dangerous ; [4] (b) proton number = 93; nucleon number = 237; [2] 8 (a) palisade (mesophyll) ; [1] (b) chloroplasts ; contain chlorophyll ; absorb (sun)light (energy) ; [max 2] (c) (i) osmosis ; [1] (ii) A more dilute than B, which is more dilute than C ; water moves, from high water concentration to low / from low concentration to high; [2] (d) (i) in xylem ; through veins in leaf ; ref. to idea of transpiration pull ; [max 2] (ii) it would increase ; because transpiration rate greater ; because evaporation is faster / rate of diffusion is faster ; [max 2] (e) turgor / cells push outwards on one another ; xylem / lignin (provide strength) ; [2]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2007 0654 03 © UCLES 2007 9 (a) (i) (transverse) wave motion is at right angles to direction of movement of medium; [1] (ii) v = f × λ; (λ = v/f) = 0.5 / 2 = 0.25 m; [2] (b) E = m × c × θ; = 60000 × 4200 × 5 = 1 260 000 000 J [2] (c) some molecules move faster than others / have more energy than others ; fast particles / particles with enough energy, can escape; overcome forces of attraction ; [2] (d) straight line leaving the liquid to right of normal ; bending away from normal; [2] 10 (a) (i) A; carbon dioxide produced; colourless solution / magnesium not a transition metal; [2 max] (ii) C; blue solution formed / copper solutions can be blue; no gas / oxides do not produce gas with acid; [2 max] (b) (i) limestone contains calcium carbonate ; limestone / calcium carbonate, reacts with (sulphuric) acid ; neutralises the acid; igneous rock not able to neutralise the acid; [max 2] (ii) total moles of acid = 10 000 000 × 0.01 or 100 000; Mr of sulphuric acid = [(2 × 1) + (32 × 1) + (16 × 4)] = 98; mass of sulphuric acid = 100 000 × 98 = 9 800 000g / 9.8 tonnes; [3] (c) grease (is molecular and) does not mix with water; detergent molecule allows grease and water to mix / ref to emulsion ; ionic part / hydrophilic head, dissolves in / attaches to, water molecules; covalent part / hydrophobic tail, dissolves in / attracted to, grease; [max 3]