Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2006 Oct/Nov Paper 3 · Variant 1

Centre Number Candidate Number Name UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/03 Paper 3 (Extended) October/November 2006 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB06 11_0654_03/3RP © UCLES 2006 [Turn over www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use 1 Fig. 1.1 shows five birds that live in New Zealand. kiwi kereru kotuku-ngutupapa kakapo ruru Fig. 1.1 (a) Construct a key that could be used to identify these five birds. The first part of the key has been done for you. 1a has wings go to 2 b no wings kiwi [4]

3 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Each kind of living organism that is known to exist has been given a binomial. The binomial of the kiwi is Apteryx mantelli. What does a binomial tell you about an organism? [2] (c) Many of New Zealand’s birds cannot fly. They have evolved like this because, before humans arrived in New Zealand, there were no predators on the ground. There was no advantage for birds in being able to fly. Now cats and other predators have been introduced to New Zealand. They kill and eat the flightless birds. Many species of these birds are in danger of becoming extinct. Suggest how, over a long period of time, a species of flightless bird might evolve to become able to fly. [4]

4 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use 2 Chemical reactions are useful sources of energy. Heat is produced when fuels are burnt, and electrical energy is provided by chemical reactions in cells and batteries. (a) Underline the two fossil fuels in the list below. animal faeces (dung) coal hydrogen methane uranium wood [1] (b) Assume that gasoline consists of the hydrocarbon heptane, C7H16. The mass of 1 dm3 of heptane is 684 g. The balanced equation for the complete combustion of heptane is C7H16 + 11 O2 7 CO2 + 8 H2O (i) Calculate the number of moles of heptane in 1 dm3. Show your working. [2] (ii) A car uses on average 1 dm3 of gasoline to travel a distance of 20 km. Find the theoretical mass of carbon dioxide which the car will produce in travelling 20 km. Show your working. [3] (iii) Suggest one reason why the actual mass of carbon dioxide which the car will produce will differ from your answer to (ii). [1]

5 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 2.1 shows a cell which is providing electrical energy. Volts electrode 2 electrolyte voltmeter electrode 1 Fig. 2.1 (i) A student sets up apparatus similar to that in Fig. 2.1. She has electrodes made of magnesium, iron and copper from which to choose. Explain which electrodes she should choose so that the cell provides the greatest amount of electrical energy. [3] (ii) A car battery is designed to last for many years, but a torch battery will often need to be replaced. Explain this difference. [2]

6 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use 3 (a) To find the density of an object you need to measure its mass and volume. (i) Describe how the volume of a small irregular object can be measured. [2] (ii) A small tent has a mass of 4 kg and packs tightly into a bag of volume 16 dm3. Calculate the density of the packed tent. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working [2] (b) The tent of mass 4 kg is carried a vertical distance of 1000 m up a mountain. Calculate the work done on the tent. The gravitational field strength of the Earth is 10 N / kg. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working [2]

7 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) The packed tent rubbed against the man’s clothing as he carried it, and the fabric acquired a negative static charge. Explain how this happened. [3] (d) After it rained, the outside of the tent became wet. Describe in terms of particles how this water can evaporate. [3]

8 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use 4 Fig. 4.1 shows the bones and muscles associated with the elbow joint. A B C D biceps triceps Fig. 4.1 (a) Name structures A to D. A B C D [2] (b) Describe how the biceps and the triceps work together to straighten the arm at the elbow joint. [3] (c) (i) On Fig. 4.1, draw an accurate labelling line to show where synovial fluid is present, and label it F. [1] (ii) State the function of synovial fluid. [1]

9 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) Nerve impulses are carried to the muscles by motor neurones. (i) Where is the cell body of a motor neurone found? [1] (ii) Describe how the structure of a motor neurone is related to its function. [3]

10 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use 5 Fig. 5.1 shows an experiment similar to one carried out in the middle of the last century. A mixture of the gases methane, CH4, ammonia, NH3, and water vapour was placed in the flask. Electrical sparks provided energy which caused chemical reactions to occur. The mixture of products can be analysed using paper chromatography. ammonia methane water gases mixture of products electrode electrode flask electric sparks Fig. 5.1 (a) (i) Name the element which is combined in all three of the compounds present at the start of the experiment. [1] (ii) Complete the bonding diagram below to show • the chemical symbols of the elements in a molecule of ammonia, • the arrangement of the outer electrons of each atom. [2]

11 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) (i) A student carried out paper chromatography to identify some of the products from the experiment in Fig. 5.1. Four known compounds, glycine, alanine, cysteine and lactic acid, were used for comparison. His results are shown in Fig. 5.2. mixture of products glycine alanine cysteine lactic acid Z Y X Fig. 5.2 Use the results in Fig. 5.2 to name compounds X, Y and Z, which were present in the mixture of products. X is Y is Z is Explain how you identified X, Y and Z. [2]

12 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use (ii) The graphical formula of compound Y is shown below. N C C O C H H O H H H H H Write the molecular formula of compound Y. [1] (iii) Explain how the formula of compound Y shows that all three of the compounds in the mixture at the start of the experiment in Fig. 5.1 must have been involved in its formation. [2] (c) Some of the compounds in the mixture of products from the experiment in Fig. 5.1 are amino acids. In the laboratory, amino acids can be made to undergo condensation polymerisation. Describe briefly what occurs when amino acids form condensation polymers. [2] (d) A solution of lactic acid may be neutralised by reaction with alkali. Complete the word equation below which describes neutralisation of any acid by any alkali. ions + ions [2]

14 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows the apparatus used to test the thickness of some paper at a paper making factory. radiation source detector paper too thick detector paper just right detector paper too thin rollers rollers paper Fig. 6.1 The radioactive source gives out beta radiation. The source is placed above the moving sheet of paper and the detector below it. (a) Name the part of an atom from which beta radiation comes. [1] (b) Explain why alpha radiation and gamma radiation are both unsuitable for this test. alpha radiation gamma radiation [2] (c) The readings on the detector over a period of eight seconds are given in Table 6.2. Table 6.2 time in seconds 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 total count 0 80 160 240 330 420 530 660 810 count in 1 second interval 0 80 80 80 90 90 (i) Complete Table 6.2. [1] (ii) Use the data in Table 6.2 to describe what is happening to the thickness of the paper. Give a reason for your answer. [2]

15 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) Complete the flow chart using suitable words, to show the stages of generating electrical energy in a nuclear power station. The steam drives a …, which turns a … producing electrical energy. The … released turns water into steam. In the reactor core … undergoes … [3] (e) A transformer at a power station steps up the voltage from 25 000 V to 400 000 V. Use the equation s N p N s V p V = to calculate the number of turns on the primary coil if there are 20 000 turns on the secondary coil. Show your working. [2]

16 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use 7 Fig. 7.1 shows a yeast cell. Yeast is a kind of fungus. Fig. 7.1 (a) State two differences between a yeast cell and an animal cell. 1. 2. [2] (b) Some yeast cells were added to a solution of glucose in a conical flask. While the yeast population was growing in the flask, bubbles of gas were produced from the solution. The gas was thought to be carbon dioxide. (i) Describe how you could test the gas to confirm that it was carbon dioxide. [2] (ii) Explain why carbon dioxide was produced. [2]

17 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) The number of yeast cells in one cm3 of the solution described in (b) was measured every hour for a period of 12 hours. Fig. 7.2 shows the results. 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 number of yeast cells time / hours A B C D E Fig 7.2 (i) Between which points was the fastest rate of reproduction of the yeast? [1] (ii) Between which points was the rate of reproduction equal to the death rate? [1] (iii) On Fig. 7.2, mark the point at which a limiting factor began to affect the growth of the yeast population. [1] (iv) Suggest one limiting factor that could be having this effect. [1] (v) Outline how you could test your suggestion. [2]

18 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use 8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows an experiment set up by a student to investigate the conditions needed for iron to rust. iron wire water nitrogen dry air A B Fig. 8.1 Explain whether or not the iron wire in each of tube A and tube B is expected to rust. [3] (b) When the mineral chromite, FeCr2O4, is heated with carbon, an alloy of iron and chromium called ferrochrome is formed. The balanced equation for this reaction is shown below. FeCr2O4 + 4C → Fe + 2Cr + 4CO ferrochrome Why is it possible to conclude that the reaction above occurs at a very high temperature? [2]

19 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Chromite is used to make the ionic compound chromium oxide, Cr2O3. This reacts with sulphuric acid to make an electrolyte containing chromium ions. This is used in a process which deposits a thin layer of chromium metal onto steel objects. (i) The symbol and charge of an oxide ion is O2–. Deduce the charge on the chromium ions in Cr2O3. Explain your answer. [2] (ii) Suggest the word equation for the reaction between chromium oxide and sulphuric acid. [1] (iii) Chromium metal is deposited onto a steel object by making the object one of the electrodes in electrolysis. Explain why the steel object should be made the cathode in this electrolysis. [1]

20 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use 9 Fig. 9.1 shows a circuit used to test two different lamps, C and D. 12 V d.c. A lamp C lamp D S1 S2 Fig. 9.1 (a) (i) When switch S1 only is closed, a current of 2 A flows through lamp C. Calculate the resistance of lamp C. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working [2] (ii) Calculate the energy transfer per second in lamp C when switch S1 only is closed. formula used working [2] (iii) When both switches S1 and S2 are closed, the ammeter reading is 6 A. Calculate the current flowing through lamp D. [1]

21 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Fig. 9.2 shows how the current through lamp C varies if the applied voltage is changed. current / A voltage / V Fig. 9.2 If Ohm’s Law is obeyed, the current through a component is directly proportional to the voltage across it. (i) On Fig. 9.2, draw a line to show the voltage / current relationship for a component which obeys Ohm’s Law. [1] (ii) Suggest why the lamp C does not obey Ohm’s Law when the voltage is increased. [2]

22 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 For Examiner's Use (c) An electric food mixer has a 3 speed control switch and an on / off switch. This is produced using two identical resistors as shown in Fig. 9.3. food mixer circuit inside the food mixer a.c. supply speed control on/off switch M X Y Z Fig. 9.3 (i) The circuit diagram does not show the on / off switch. On the circuit drawn in Fig. 9.3, write the letter S to show where the switch should be. [1] (ii) The speed control can be set on X, Y or Z. Which position gives the lowest speed and which position gives the highest speed? Explain your answer. [2]

23 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 0654/03/O/N/06 [Turn over BLANK PAGE

24 © UCLES 2006 0654/03/O/N/06 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 AAluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 CChlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 TThallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2006 question paper 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/03 Paper 3 (Extended Theory), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. The grade thresholds for various grades are published in the report on the examination for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2006 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE - OCT/NOV 2006 0654 3 © UCLES 2006 1 (a) key is made up of pairs of genuine choices ; each choice could be made if only one organism in front of you (i.e. not just ‘long beak. short beak) ; completed in no more than four pairs ; all birds key out correctly ; [4] (b) it is its Latin name ; first word is its genus ; second word is its species ; [2] (c) idea that some birds might have features not possessed by others ; birds that could begin to fly have better chance of survival ; because they can escape predators ; these birds most likely to reproduce ; and pass their genes onto offspring ; [max 4] [Total 10] 2 (a) coal methane ; [1] (b) (i) Mr of heptane = (12 x 7) + (16 x 1) = 100 ; moles of heptane = 684 ÷ 100 = 6.84 ; [2] (ii) (car uses 6.84 moles of heptane) moles of carbon dioxide = 6.84 x 7 = 47.88 ; Mr carbon dioxide = (12 x 1) + (16 x 2) = 44 ; mass of carbon dioxide = 47.88 x 44 = 2106.7g/2.1kg ; [3] (iii) gasoline is not just heptane/combustion is not complete/data is only an average/actual will depend on driving conditions ; [1] (c) (i) magnesium and copper ; magnesium and copper have greatest reactivity difference ; voltage/p.d./is greater the greater the difference in reactivity ; [3] (ii) car battery is recharged (when engine working)/torch battery not recharged ; chemicals in car battery are not used up/torch batteries contain chemicals which are used up ; [2] [Total 12]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE - OCT/NOV 2006 0654 3 © UCLES 2006 3 (a) (i) add object to known volume of water ; volume of water displaced/difference in volumes, is volume of object ; [2] (ii) density = mass/volume ; 0.25 kg/dm3 ; accept other correct units [2] (b) work = F x D ; = 40 000 J ; (4 x 10 x 1000) [2] (c) electrons are transferred ; by friction ; from man/clothing, to tent ; accept other way round [3] (d) Sun/heat, causes particles to move faster ; not ‘vibrate faster’ some particles will be moving faster than others ; fastest particles have enough energy, to escape/to overcome intermolecular forces ; wind carries away water particles ; [max 3] [Total 12] 4 (a) A scapula /shoulder blade B ulna C humerus D tendon any two correct for one mark ; ; [2] (b) biceps relaxes ; triceps contracts ; triceps, gets shorter/pulls on B/pulls on ulna ; [3] (c) (i) line to space within elbow joint or shoulder joint ; [1] (ii) lubrication/reduce friction ; [1] (d) (i) in central nervous system/in brain/in spinal cord ; [1] (ii) long axon ; carries impulse quickly ; fatty sheath ; insulates/speeds impulse ; (many) dendrites/synapses, on cell body ; receive impulses from other neurones ; [max 3] [Total : 11]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE - OCT/NOV 2006 0654 3 © UCLES 2006 5 (a) (i) hydrogen ; [1] (ii) symbols correct ; bonding and non-bonding pairs correctly shown ; [2] (b) (i) X alanine Y glycine Z lactic acid (all correct) ; spots for unknowns at the same position/height/travelled same distance as known substances ; [2] (ii) C3H7O2N ; (any order of elements) [1] (iii) the molecule of Y contains carbon, nitrogen and oxygen ; each of the starting molecules is needed to provide these ; [2] (c) amino acids link together in (long) chains ; water/a small molecule, is also produced each time a link forms ; [2] (d) hydrogen (ions) + hydroxide (ions) → water ; ; [2] [all three = both marks, 2 out of 3 = 1 mark] [Total 12] 6 (a) the nucleus ; [1] (b) all alpha will be absorbed ; very little/no, gamma will be absorbed ; [2] (c) (i) 110, 130, 150 ; [1] (ii) count (per 1s interval) is increasing/more radiation detected ; so thickness is decreasing ; [2] (d) uranium fission heat/energy turbine generator any two for one mark and round up ; ; ; [3] (e) correct substitution/1:16 ; 1250 ; [2] [Total 11] H H H N

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE - OCT/NOV 2006 0654 3 © UCLES 2006 7 (a) has a cell wall ; has a (large) vacuole ; [2] (b) (i) lime water ; goes milky ; [2] (ii) respiration/fermentation ; by yeast/fungus (cells) ; glucose combining with oxygen ; [max 2] (c) (i) B and C ; [1] (ii) D and E ; [1] (iii) mark between 4.4 hours and 6 hours ; [1] (iv) (shortage of) glucose/oxygen ; [1] (v) add more glucose/add more oxygen ; if number of yeast cells increases then this was a limiting factor ; [2] [Total 12] 8 (a) rusting not expected in either tube ; rusting requires, air/oxygen, and water (together) ; nail in A has no water ; nail in B has no, air/oxygen ; [max 3] (b) one of the products is an alloy ; alloys are formed by mixing molten metals ; high temperatures required to obtain molten metals ; [max 2] (c) (i) Cr3+ ; reference to balancing of charges e.g. 2 x 3+ and 3 x 2- ; [2] (ii) chromium oxide + sulphuric acid → chromium sulphate + water ; [1] (iii) (negative charge needed) to attract positive chromium ions ; [1] [Total 9]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE - OCT/NOV 2006 0654 3 © UCLES 2006 9 (a) (i) R = V/I ; do not accept symbol C for current = 12/2 = 6 ohms ; [2] (ii) energy (per second) = V x I ; accept other correct and appropriate formulae = 24 J (/sec) ; [2] (iii) 4A ; [1] (b) (i) straight line ; [1] (ii) filament resistance increases with temperature ; so smaller increase in current per added volt ; [2] (c) (i) in correct position to control motor and other switches ; [1] (ii) X has highest speed and Z lowest speed ; explanation of either in terms of resistors/resistance ; [2] [Total 11]