Cambridge IGCSE Sanskrit 0499 — 2023 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 2

1 Mahābhārata (adapted text) Read the following Sanskrit passage. Do not write out a translation. Answer all the questions. Your answers should be in English, with Sanskrit names in transliteration. 1 2 3 4 5 6 (a) What entered Kṛṣṇa? (line 1) [2] (b) Translate ‘vyādhaḥ duḥkhena akrośat he kṛṣṇa mām vyāpādaya iti’. (lines 1 and 2) [5] (c) In line 3, what instruction does Kṛṣṇa give to the hunter? [2] (d) Where will the hunter go, according to Kṛṣṇa? (line 3) [1] (e) Translate ‘kṛṣṇasya sūtaḥ tatra āgacchat’. (line 4) [3] (f) What does Kṛṣṇa say he is finally doing? (lines 5 and 6) [2] [Total: 15]

2 Mahābhārata – Bhagavad Gītā Read the following Sanskrit verses. Do not write out a translation. Answer all the questions. Your answers should be in English, with Sanskrit names in transliteration. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chap. 2, verse 48; Chap. 4, verse 19; Chap. 15, verse 12 (a) How, according to line 1, should Arjuna perform actions? [2] (b) How is yoga defined in line 2? [1] (c) Translate lines 3 and 4. [6] (d) In lines 5 and 6, which three worldly lights are said to be Kṛṣṇa’s? [3] (e) In line 2, Kṛṣṇa advises Arjuna to be the same in success and failure. Is this good advice in your view? [3] [Total: 15]

3 Sanskrit Epic Civilisation (a) Give two details for each of the following: (i) saṃsāra [2] (ii) sattva [2] (iii) buddhi [2] (iv) mahāyuga [2] (b) The kṛtayuga is the Golden Age. Give the Sanskrit names for the other three ages. [3] (c) Who was Vyāsa, and what does his name mean? [2] (d) Briefly explain each of the following terms: (i) upaniṣad [2] (ii) vyākaraṇa [2] (iii) dhātu [2] (iv) purāṇa [2] (e) One of the five sacrifices is the sacrifice to the gods. Name in English the other four traditional types of sacrifice. [4] (f) Write a short essay in English, of about 100 words, on one of these two topics: EITHER (i) Discuss the range of virtues spoken of in the Sanskrit scriptures, and say whether you think these virtues are relevant today. OR (ii) Discuss the system of varṇa (caste, occupation). Do you think this system is valid in modern times? [10] [Total: 35]

4 Hitopadeśa Read the following Sanskrit passage. Do not write out a translation. Answer all the questions. Your answers should be in English, with Sanskrit names in transliteration. A traveller follows a tiger’s advice. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (a) What are the three aspects of a virtuous gift? (lines 1 and 2) [3] (b) Translate ‘tad atra sarasi snātvā suvarṇakaṅkaṇam idam pratigṛhāṇa’. (line 3) [6] (c) (i) Translate ‘jātaviśvāsaḥ’. (lines 3 and 4) [2] (ii) Name the type of compound. [1] (d) Why was the traveller unable to escape? (line 4) [2] (e) What help does the tiger offer the traveller? (line 6) [2] (f) How does the tiger approach the traveller? (line 6) [1] (g) Lines 8 and 9: (i) Outline the content of these lines. [4] (ii) Explain why this is significant in the story. [4] [Total: 25]