Energy, work and power — Paper 2 · IGCSE Physics (9-1) 0972

10 As energy is transferred into different forms, it eventually becomes dissipated. What does this mean? A All the energy disappears. B The energy finally changes into every possible form of energy. C The energy spreads out among the objects and their surroundings. D The total amount of energy becomes less.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2018

11 A ball of mass 1.2 kg is dropped from a height of 30 m. As it falls, 25% of its initial gravitational potential energy is transferred to thermal energy. What is the kinetic energy of the ball just before it hits the ground? A 27 J B 90 J C 270 J D 360 J

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2018

12 A girl hangs by her hands from a bar in the gymnasium. She pulls herself up until her chin is level with the bar. The mass of the girl is 48 kg. She pulls herself up through a distance of 0.25 m. She does this in 2.0 s. What is the useful power she uses to pull herself up? A 6.0 W B 24 W C 60 W D 240 W

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2018

27 The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a rechargeable battery is 6.0 V. What does this mean? A 6.0 J is the maximum energy the battery can provide in 1.0 s. B 6.0 J is the total energy the battery can provide before it has to be recharged. C 6.0 J of energy is provided by the battery to drive a charge of 1.0 C around a complete circuit. D 6.0 J of energy is provided by the battery to drive a current of 1.0 A around a complete circuit.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2018

29 A water heater is connected to a 230 V supply and there is a current of 26 A in the heater. It takes 20 minutes to heat the water to the required temperature. How much energy is supplied by the heater? A 6.0 × 103 J B 1.0 × 104 J C 1.2 × 105 J D 7.2 × 106 J

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2018

38 Nuclear fusion is a reaction that takes place in stars. Which row describes this reaction? action of atomic nuclei energy A an atomic nucleus splits into absorbed two or more smaller nuclei B an atomic nucleus splits into released two or more smaller nuclei C atomic nuclei join together absorbed to form a larger nucleus D atomic nuclei join together released to form a larger nucleus

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2018

9 Which device is designed to convert chemical energy into kinetic energy? A an a.c. generator B a battery-powered torch C a car engine D a wind-up mechanical clock

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2018

10 An object, initially at rest, is dropped from a height of 12.0 m. The change in gravitational potential energy when it falls to the ground is 565 J. The frictional forces are negligible. What is its speed when it hits the ground? A 4.71 m / s B 15.5 m / s C 47.1 m / s D 240 m / s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2018

11 A man climbs a ladder. Which two quantities can be used to calculate the useful power of the man? A the weight of the man and the time taken only B the weight of the man and the vertical distance moved only C the work done by the man and the time taken only D the work done by the man and the vertical distance moved only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2018

10 An object falls from the top of a building that is 25 m high. Air resistance is negligible. What is the speed of the object when it hits the ground? A 10 m / s B 22 m / s C 25 m / s D 625 m / s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2019

11 A machine is very efficient. What does this mean? A It produces a large amount of power. B It uses very little energy. C It wastes very little energy. D It works very quickly.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2019

12 A crane takes 2.0 minutes to lift a load to the top of a building. The change in gravitational potential energy of the load is 360 kJ. What is the useful power output of the crane? A 3.0 kW B 180 kW C 720 kW D 43 200 kW

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2019

28 A cell has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 1.5 V. What does this statement mean? A The cell converts 1.0 J of energy when driving 1.5 C of charge round a complete circuit. B The cell converts 1.5 J of energy when driving 1.0 C of charge round a complete circuit. C The cell converts 1.5 J of energy per second when driving 1.0 C of charge round a complete circuit. D The cell converts 1.5 W of power when driving 1.0 C of charge round a complete circuit.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2019

10 A machine is very efficient. What does this mean? A It produces a large amount of power. B It uses very little energy. C It wastes very little energy. D It works very quickly.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2019

11 A force F acts on a body and the body moves a distance d in the direction of the force. Which expression for the work done W is correct? A W = Fd B W = Fd 2 C W = 2 1 Fd D W = 2 1 Fd 2

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2019

12 A boy produces an average power output of 60 W as he rides his bicycle for 2.0 minutes. How much useful energy does he expend? A 0.50 J B 30 J C 120 J D 7200 J

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2019

15 A night storage heater contains a large block of material that is heated electrically during the night. During the day the block cools down, releasing thermal energy into the room. Which thermal capacity and which night-time temperature increase will cause the most energy to be stored by the block? thermal capacity night-time of block temperature increase A large large B large small C small large D small small

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2019

28 A cell has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 1.5 V. What does this statement mean? A The cell converts 1.0 J of energy when driving 1.5 C of charge round a complete circuit. B The cell converts 1.5 J of energy when driving 1.0 C of charge round a complete circuit. C The cell converts 1.5 J of energy per second when driving 1.0 C of charge round a complete circuit. D The cell converts 1.5 W of power when driving 1.0 C of charge round a complete circuit.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2019

10 Brakes are used to slow down a moving car. Into which form of energy is most of the kinetic energy converted as the car slows down? A chemical B elastic C thermal D sound

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2019

11 A man carries 20 tiles from the ground to the roof of a house. Each tile has a mass of 1.2 kg. The roof of the house is 15 m above the ground. How much work does the man do against gravity on the tiles in carrying them to the roof? A 36 J B 180 J C 360 J D 3600 J

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2019

12 A car is moving along a straight horizontal road. The car has 1.6 MJ of kinetic energy. The car accelerates for 20 s until the kinetic energy of the car increases to 2.5 MJ. What is the minimum average power developed by the car engine for this acceleration? A 45 W B 205 W C 45 kW D 205 kW

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2019

28 A circuit contains a cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 2.0 V. The current in the circuit is 2.0 A. How much energy is converted by the cell in 2.0 minutes? A 2.0 J B 4.0 J C 8.0 J D 480 J

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2019

10 The diagram shows part of a rollercoaster ride with the car at different positions. The car runs freely down from position X to position Y and up the hill on the other side. car X Y What happens to the kinetic energy and to the gravitational potential energy of the car as it moves from position X to position Y? gravitational kinetic energy potential energy A decreases decreases B decreases increases C increases decreases D increases increases

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2020

11 Which energy resource does not have the Sun as the original source? A coal B geothermal C hydroelectric D wind

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2020

14 A gas is heated in a sealed container. The volume of the container does not change. What happens to the molecules of the gas? A The average distance between molecules increases. B The average kinetic energy of the molecules increases. C The mass of each molecule increases. D The volume of each molecule increases.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2020

29 An electric fire is connected to a 240 V supply and transfers energy at a rate of 1.0 kW. How much charge passes through the fire in 1.0 h? A 42 C B 250 C C 1.5 × 104 C D 2.4 × 105 C

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2020

10 Which energy resource is not renewable? A geothermal B nuclear fission C solar D wind

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2020

11 A car of mass 500 kg is moving at 10 m / s. The engine does work on the car and the speed increases to 16 m / s. How much work is done by the engine to increase the speed of the car? A 3000 J B 9000 J C 39 000 J D 78 000 J

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2020

30 A cell passes a current of 2.0 A in a circuit for 30 s. In this time the cell transfers 120 J of energy. What is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the cell? A 0.50 V B 1.5 V C 2.0 V D 8.0 V

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2020

11 An electric motor uses 1000 J of electrical energy. It provides 450 J of useful output energy. What is the efficiency of the motor? A 4.5% B 5.5% C 45% D 55%

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2020

12 To calculate the power produced by a force, the size of the force must be known. What else needs to be known to calculate the power? the distance that the force moves the object the time for which the force acts on the object 0 0O WwW D> v v x x v x v x key Jv = needed X = not needed

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2020

8 Electrical energy may be obtained from nuclear fission. In which order is the energy transferred in this process? A nuclear fuel  generator  reactor and boiler  turbines B nuclear fuel  generator  turbines  reactor and boiler C nuclear fuel  reactor and boiler  generator  turbines D nuclear fuel  reactor and boiler  turbines  generator

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2021

9 A motor of power P exerts a force F on an object. The object moves a distance d during the time t that the force acts. Which equation is used to calculate the time t ? F Fd Pd P A t = Pd B t = P C t = F D t = Fd

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2021

10 A scientist uses an electric motor to lift a load through a vertical distance of 2.0 m. He then increases the input power to the motor and repeats the experiment. The efficiency of the motor does not change. Which row correctly describes the effect that this has on the useful work done lifting the load and the time taken to lift it? work done time taken A decreases decreases B stays the same decreases C decreases stays the same D stays the same stays the same

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2021

11 A mass hangs vertically from a spring. The mass is raised to a point P and is then released. The mass oscillates repeatedly between point P and a lower point Q. Which energies alternately increase and decrease throughout the oscillations? A gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy and elastic energy B gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy only C gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy and internal energy D internal energy and elastic energy

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2022

12 A car has 620 kJ of kinetic energy. The car brakes and stops in a distance of 91 m. What is the average braking force acting on the car? A 0.15 N B 6.8 N C 6800 N D 56 000 N

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2022

17 Water in a beaker gains thermal energy at a rate of 3000 W. The water is at its boiling point. The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2260 J / g. How long does it take for 250 g of the water to vaporise? A 12 s B 188 s C 332 s D 750 s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2022

30 Which unit is equivalent to a volt (V)? A A /  B J / C C J / s D W / C

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2022

31 A resistor converts 360 J of energy when there is a current of 3.0 A in it. The potential difference across the resistor is 6.0 V. For how long is there this current in the resistor? A 0.05 s B 20 s C 180 s D 720 s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2022

11 A tennis ball is dropped from position 1. It falls vertically onto a hard surface at position 2. tennis ball position 1 position 2 Which energy changes have taken place between position 1 and position 2? A gravitational potential  kinetic  chemical B gravitational potential  kinetic  elastic (strain) C kinetic  gravitational potential  chemical D kinetic  gravitational potential  elastic (strain)

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2022

12 A boy holds onto a bar and pulls himself up until his chin is level with the bar. He raises himself through 40 cm in 0.5 s. The weight of the boy is 500 N. What is the average power he produces as he raises himself? A 40 W B 400 W C 4000 W D 40 000 W

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2022

8 Brakes are used to slow down a moving car. Into which form of energy is most of the kinetic energy converted as the car slows down? A chemical B elastic C thermal D sound

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2022

9 An object has kinetic energy of 200 J. A constant resultant force of 190 N is applied in the direction of its motion through a distance of 10 m. What is the final kinetic energy of the object? A 390 J B 1700 J C 2000 J D 2100 J

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2022

10 The statements describe what happens when the power of a machine is increased. 1 The work done in a given time decreases. 2 The work done in a given time increases. 3 The time taken to do a given quantity of work decreases. 4 The time taken to do a given quantity of work increases. Which statements are correct? A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2022

29 A lamp rated 12 V, 2.0 A is switched on for one minute. How much energy is transferred by the lamp? A 6.0 J B 24 J C 360 J D 1440 J

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2022

10 Which row about the change of energy in the energy store must be correct? change of process energy store energy in store A water pumped up to a gravitational potential increases high-altitude dam energy of water B water pumped up to a kinetic energy decreases high-altitude dam of water C air passes through gravitational potential increases a wind turbine energy of air D air passes through kinetic energy increases a wind turbine of air

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2023

11 A woman of mass 50 kg has 81 J of kinetic energy. What is her speed? A 1.3 m / s B 1.6 m / s C 1.8 m / s D 3.2 m / s

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2023

12 A child runs up a set of stairs four times. The time taken for each run is recorded. Which time is measured when the child’s useful power is greatest? A 10 s B 20 s C 30 s D 40 s

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2023

10 The diagram shows the energy stores for a mobile (cell) phone and how the energy is transferred between stores. internal heating energy chemical ? energy kinetic sound energy What describes how the chemical energy is transferred? A electrical work done B mechanical work done C electromagnetic waves D sound waves

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2023

11 A wind turbine is 30% efficient and has an output of 2.5 MW of electrical power. What is the power input to the turbine? A 0.75 MW B 8.3 MW C 75 MW D 83 MW

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2023

12 Which two physical quantities must be used to calculate the power developed by a student running up a flight of steps? A force exerted and the vertical height of the steps only B force exerted and the time taken only C work done and the vertical height of the steps only D work done and the time taken only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2023

33 Fission and fusion are two types of nuclear process. How does the total mass of the nuclides produced compare with the total mass of the original nuclide or nuclides in these nuclear processes? total mass of fission total mass of fusion products compared products compared to original nuclide to original nuclides A same same B more less C less more D less less

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2023

8 A cyclist travels down a hill from rest at point X without pedalling. The cyclist applies his brakes and the cycle stops at point Y. X hill Y Which energy transfers have taken place between X and Y? A gravitational potential  kinetic  internal (thermal) B gravitational potential  internal (thermal)  kinetic C kinetic  gravitational potential  internal (thermal) D kinetic  internal (thermal)  gravitational potential

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2023

9 An object of mass m falls from a higher shelf to a lower shelf. h1 h2 How much gravitational potential energy does the object lose?  m h2   m (h1 – h2)  A mgh2 B   C   D mg(h1 – h2)  g   g 

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2023

10 A pump does 460 000 J of work to raise water to fill a tank. It takes 7 minutes to fill the tank. What is the power of the pump? A 1.1 kW B 66 kW C 3200 kW D 190 000 kW

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2023

7 A stone is dropped from a tall tower and falls a distance of 50 m to the ground. The stone has a mass of 3.0 kg. At which speed does the stone hit the ground? A 17 m / s B 31 m / s C 54 m / s D 150 m / s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2024

8 A coal-fired power station generates electricity. Coal is burned and the energy released is used to boil water. The steam from the water makes the generator move and this produces electricity. Which row gives the name of the energy store in the coal and the energy store of the moving generator? coal generator A chemical hydroelectric B chemical kinetic C geothermal hydroelectric D geothermal kinetic

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2024

37 A planet in the Solar System is at the point in its orbit where it is closest to the Sun. Which row is correct? energy in gravitational orbital speed potential store A at its maximum at its maximum B at its maximum at its minimum C at its minimum at its maximum D at its minimum at its minimum

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 May/June 2024

7 The table gives four energy resources and states whether the main source of energy for the resource is the Sun. Which row is correct? main source of energy resource energy is the Sun A geothermal yes B oil no C water held behind a dam yes D wind no

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2024

13 The temperature of the water at the bottom of a waterfall is greater than the temperature of the water at the top. The energy in the gravitational potential store of the water at the top is transferred to the thermal store at the bottom. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg C). What is the temperature difference for a waterfall of height 21 m? A 0.0050 C B 0.049 C C 20 C D 200 C

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2024

27 A resistor transfers 100 J of energy when a charge of 10 C flows through it. What is the potential difference across the resistor? A 0.10 V B 10 V C 10 W D 1000 W

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/22 May/June 2024

8 Which statement about the use of nuclear fuel as an energy resource is correct? A It obtains its energy from the Sun. B It has no environmental impact. C Nuclear power stations do not need turbines. D The energy is released by nuclear fission.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2024

9 The diagram shows an object of mass m being projected with speed v from a point P to a point Q on top of a cliff height h. The object does work W against air resistance as it travels from P to Q. Q v h m P What is the kinetic energy of the object when it reaches point Q? A 1 mv2 + mgh + W 2 B 1 mv2 + mgh – W 2 C 1 mv2 – mgh + W 2 D 1 mv2 – mgh – W 2

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2024

10 The diagram shows a Sankey diagram for an electric drill. kinetic energy energy input sound thermal energy scale: distance between two lines = 40 J What is the total wasted energy shown by the diagram? A 120 J B 200 J C 360 J D 560 J

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2024

8 A machine is very efficient. What does this mean? A It produces a large amount of power. B It uses very little energy. C It wastes very little energy. D It works very quickly.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2025

27 A cell passes a current of 2.0 A in a circuit for 30 s. In this time, the cell transfers 120 J of energy. What is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the cell? A 0.50 V B 1.5 V C 2.0 V D 8.0 V

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0972/21 Oct/Nov 2025