Cambridge IGCSE Biology (BES) 0438 — 2018 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB18 11_0438_21/FP © UCLES 2018 [Turn over *1319758517* Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY (US) 0438/21 Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2018 45 minutes Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Center number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used.

2 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 1 The sundew is a carnivorous plant that can trap small insects with sticky hairs and then digest them. When an insect gets stuck, other nearby sticky hairs bend over to trap the insect. Which characteristics of living organisms are demonstrated when the sundew traps insects? A growth and excretion B growth and sensitivity C movement and excretion D movement and sensitivity 2 Systems of classification show which organisms share more recent ancestors. What is the most accurate system of classification? A using anatomy B using DNA base sequences C using morphology D using a pedigree diagram 3 Which part of a plant cell controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell? A cell membrane B cell wall C cytoplasm D vacuole

3 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 [Turn over 4 The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section. X Y Structures X and Y are both part of the same A cell. B organ. C tissue. D vessel. 5 How do carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of a mesophyll cell? A active transport B diffusion C respiration D transpiration

4 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 6 Four freshly cut potato cylinders were soaked for one hour in different salt solutions before being pinned to cork blocks. Two of the blocks are shown. cork block pin rigid potato cylinder flaccid potato cylinder Which solution would cause the potato cylinder to be most flaccid? A 0.1 mol per dm3 salt solution B 0.3 mol per dm3 salt solution C 0.7 mol per dm3 salt solution D 1.0 mol per dm3 salt solution 7 The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion. total sugar including reducing sugar / g per 100g starch / g per 100g 3.7 0.0 The onion is tested with Benedict’s solution and iodine solution. Which set of results is correct? Benedict’s solution iodine solution A blue blue-black B blue brown C brick red blue-black D brick red brown 8 Which statement about the structure of DNA is correct? A Base A always pairs with base C. B Base A always pairs with base T. C It consists of proteins. D It forms a single helix.

5 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 [Turn over 9 The apparatus shown is used for an experiment on starch digestion. Which test-tube contains the most sugar after 20 minutes? A starch solution and salivary amylase starch solution and salivary amylase starch solution water-bath at 15 °C water-bath at 37 °C B C D 10 A student wrote some notes about enzymes. She wrote: ‘The …1… of the enzyme is …2… to an area on the substrate. This area on the substrate can fit into it to form an …3… complex’. Which words correctly complete gaps 1, 2 and 3? 1 2 3 A active site complementary enzyme-substrate B active site similar enzyme-product C shape complementary enzyme-product D shape similar enzyme-substrate

6 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 11 An experiment was carried out using the apparatus shown. The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start and again three hours later. In which test-tube would there be a decrease in carbon dioxide content? A B C D black polythene to keep out light water water plant water snail light light light 12 The diagram shows a plant cell. nucleus cell membrane chloroplast cytoplasm cell wall vacuole Which type of cell is shown? A cuticle cell B epidermal cell C palisade mesophyll cell D spongy mesophyll cell 13 What is the result of a diet lacking iron? A bleeding gums B poor wound healing C reduced number of red blood cells D weak bones and teeth

7 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 [Turn over 14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal. Which structure produces lipase? D C B A 15 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a buttercup root. Z What is the function of the tissue labeled Z? A site of photosynthesis B site of respiration C transport of sugars D transport of water

8 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 16 Roots and leaves both act as a source and a sink for sucrose and amino acids at different times during the year. At which point in the year are the roots most active as a source? A spring new leaves start to grow B summer leaves are mature D winter no leaves are present C autumn leaves die and fall 17 The diagram shows a circulatory system. heart 2 1 3 4 capillaries of the lungs capillaries of the rest of the body Which vessels carry oxygenated blood? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4 18 What happens to the heart valves when the ventricles contract? atrioventricular valves semilunar valves A valves close valves close B valves close valves open C valves open valves close D valves open valves open

9 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 [Turn over 19 The diagram with the structure labeled X shows a bacterium with proteins on its surface. The diagram labeled Y shows proteins made by the human body. X Y Which row shows the correct combination for destroying the bacterium? name of X name of Y correct shape of Y A antigen antibody B antibody antigen C antigen antibody D antibody antigen

10 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 20 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30 seconds. 0 0 1 2 30 time / s volume of air in lungs / dm3 Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise? 0 30 time / s A 0 30 time / s B 0 30 time / s C 0 30 time / s D 0 1 2 volume of air in lungs / dm3 0 1 2 volume of air in lungs / dm3 0 1 2 volume of air in lungs / dm3 0 1 2 volume of air in lungs / dm3 21 What is produced by anaerobic respiration in mammals? A alcohol + carbon dioxide B alcohol + oxygen C lactic acid + carbon dioxide D lactic acid

11 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 [Turn over 22 Which row describes the functions of the bladder, kidneys and liver? production of urea excretion of urea storage of urine A liver bladder kidneys B bladder kidneys liver C liver kidneys bladder D kidneys liver bladder 23 The diagram shows the structure of the eye. Which structure refracts light? A B C D

12 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 24 A student used two seedlings X and Y to investigate phototropism. The diagram shows their investigation. X at the start of the experiment piece of glass light X after some time no curvature towards light piece of glass light Y at the start of the experiment light Y after some time gives curvature towards light piece of glass piece of glass light Which statement explains the difference in results between X and Y? A The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the shaded side of the seedling. B The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the side of the seedling facing the light. C The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin traveling down the shaded side of the seedling. D The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin traveling down the side of the seedling facing the light.

13 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 [Turn over 25 The diagram shows part of the mechanism that controls blood sugar concentration. liver pancreas 3 more glycogen 4 less glycogen 5 more glucagon 6 less glucagon 1 more glucose 2 less glucose blood vessels blood vessels A person does one hour of exercise. Starting with the pancreas, what is the sequence of events in which the hormone glucagon is involved? A 5 → 3 → 2 B 5 → 4 → 1 C 6 → 3 → 1 D 6 → 4 → 2 26 The graph shows the number of cases of MRSA in one country between 2001 and 2006. 8000 7250 6500 5750 5000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 year number of cases of MRSA Between which years was the greatest change in the number of cases of MRSA seen? A 2002 and 2003 B 2003 and 2004 C 2004 and 2005 D 2005 and 2006

14 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 27 Which row describes sexual reproduction? gamete nucleus zygote nucleus genetically different offspring produced A diploid diploid  B diploid haploid  C haploid diploid  D haploid haploid  28 Which statement describes human male gametes? A large, few and non-motile B large, numerous and motile C small, few and non-motile D small, numerous and motile 29 Which organ secretes the most progesterone during pregnancy? A adrenal gland B ovary C placenta D uterus 30 What is the role of mRNA? A assembles amino acids into protein molecules B carries a copy of the gene out of the nucleus C controls cell function by controlling the production of proteins D duplicates chromosomes before mitosis

15 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 [Turn over 31 The diagram shows the formation of new diploid cells. X Y What do arrows X and Y represent? X Y A duplication of chromosomes meiosis B duplication of chromosomes mitosis C meiosis duplication of chromosomes D mitosis duplication of chromosomes 32 A man marries a woman who has a different blood group from him. They have two children. The children have different blood groups from each other and different blood groups from their parents. What are the genotypes of the parent’s blood groups? A IAIA and IAIB B IAIA and IoIo C IAIB and IBIB D IAIB and IoIo 33 Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disease that is caused by the allele HbS. HbA is the normal allele. A woman does not have the symptoms of the disease but her brother does show symptoms. If her mother and father do not have symptoms, which statement is correct? A The woman has the genotype HbSHbS. B The woman’s brother has the genotype HbAHbA. C The woman’s father and mother both have the genotype HbAHbS. D The woman’s father and mother both have the genotype HbSHbS.

16 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 34 Over the last 30 years some antibiotics have become less effective in treating bacterial infection. What is the reason for this? A artificial selection B asexual reproduction C more effective new antibiotics D natural selection 35 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle. nitrogen in atmosphere plants Y Z X W ammonium ions nitrate ions animals Which row correctly identifies the bacteria involved in processes W, X, Y and Z? W X Y Z A denitrifying decomposer nitrifying nitrogen-fixing B denitrifying nitrifying decomposer nitrogen-fixing C nitrifying decomposer nitrogen-fixing denitrifying D nitrogen-fixing nitrifying decomposer denitrifying

17 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 [Turn over 36 The graph shows a bacteria population curve. In which phase on the graph is the number of bacteria dying equal to the number dividing? 0 0 number of bacteria time / min A B C D 37 Bacteria are used in genetic engineering and biotechnology. Bacteria are used because of the presence of which cell structure? A cell membrane B cell wall C cytoplasm D plasmids 38 What is an example of genetic engineering? A using enzymes to make washing powders B using pectinase to make fruit juice C producing plants that have been given genes for resistance to insect pests D using yeast to make bread 39 What is least likely to result from deforestation? A increase in flooding B increase in species C loss of habitats D loss of soil

18 © UCLES 2018 0438/21/O/N/18 40 Pieces of plastic between 1 µm and 1 mm in size are called microplastics. Microplastics are put into some face creams and are produced during clothing manufacture. They can now be found in increasing quantities in oceans all over the world. As well as their small size, which other property of microplastics make them dangerous to living organisms? A They are lightweight. B They are nonbiodegradable. C They are nonreactive. D They are toxic.

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This document consists of 3 printed pages. © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY (US) 0438/21 Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2018 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 40 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2018 series for most Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

0438/21 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 3 Question Answer Marks 1 D 1 2 B 1 3 A 1 4 B 1 5 B 1 6 D 1 7 D 1 8 B 1 9 D 1 10 A 1 11 C 1 12 C 1 13 C 1 14 C 1 15 D 1 16 A 1 17 D 1 18 B 1 19 A 1 20 C 1 21 D 1 22 C 1 23 A 1 24 C 1 25 B 1 26 D 1 27 C 1 28 D 1

0438/21 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 3 Question Answer Marks 29 C 1 30 B 1 31 B 1 32 D 1 33 C 1 34 D 1 35 B 1 36 C 1 37 D 1 38 C 1 39 B 1 40 B 1