Cambridge IGCSE Agriculture 0600 — 2009 Oct/Nov Paper 3 · Variant 1

For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB09 11_0600_03/3RP © UCLES 2009 [Turn over *3270866651* UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education AGRICULTURE 0600/03 Paper 3 October/November 2009 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) (i) Name one cereal crop used by man for food. [1] As more countries become industrialised there is more need for energy. Coal and oil, which are used for fuel, are running out. Crops can be grown and used for fuel rather than food. Fig. 1.1 is a bar chart that shows the benefits of growing crops for fuel in different parts of the world. North America Central America South America Northern Africa Western Africa Eastern Africa Southern Africa OECD Europe Eastern Europe South Asia East Asia South East Asia 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 benefit of energy crops (arbitary units) continents America Africa Europe Asia Fig. 1.1 (ii) List the continents in the order in which they benefit from growing ‘fuel’ crops. Use the information in the bar chart. most benefit least benefit [2] (iii) Suggest a reason to explain why so little benefit is possible in the continent you placed at the bottom of the list. [1]

3 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iv) How may growing more crops for fuel affect the world price of food crops? [1] (b) Agriculture needs to be sustainable. Explain how the following farming practices might affect the long term productivity of farm land. (i) Increasing the use of inorganic fertilisers. [2] (ii) Ploughing land that had previously been used for grazing. [2] [Total: 9]

4 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 2 (a) Fig 2.1 shows pie charts that represent the composition of four soils A, B, C and D. A B C D key coarse sand fine sand silt clay Fig. 2.1 (i) Which soil would not drain well? [1] (ii) Give a reason for your answer. [1] (iii) Describe a pipe drain. [2] (iv) Suggest why pipe drains are used rather than ditches to drain grazing land. [1]

5 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Table 2.1 below shows the productivity of cereal crops following the application of different pesticides. Table 2.1 Treatment Yield in Tonnes/per hectare Cost per hectare in US dollars No treatment 2.5 Nil Aphid Death 3.8 10 Ridit 4.0 15 Combo Death 5.5 16 Destroyall 5.8 18 Natro-organic 3.5 2 (i) On the graph paper below draw a bar chart to show the yield per hectare of each treatment. [4]

6 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (ii) Which treatment increased the yield the most? [1] (iii) Name three other factors you would need to know before deciding which treatment to use. 1 2 3 [3] [Total: 13]

7 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 3 Fig 3.1 shows the nitrogen cycle. nitrogen gas in the air nitrogen gas from the air nitrogen gas into the air nitrogen compounds in the soil lightning creates nitrogen compounds humus dead plants, dead animals and animal droppings decay legumes herbivore eats plants carnivore eats herbivore Fig. 3.1 Nitrogen fixation takes place at several places in the cycle. (a) Write the letter F in two places on Fig 3.1 to show where nitrogen fixation occurs. [2] (b) Using an example, explain what is meant by crop rotation. [2] (c) State two benefits of crop rotation. [2] (d) Name a legume. [1] (e) Describe two ways in which the growth of legumes can improve soil fertility. 1 2 [2] [Total: 9]

8 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 4 (a) (i) Define osmosis. [2] (ii) A farmer applied too much fertiliser to the soil. This resulted in plasmolysis. Describe and explain how this process might have affected the appearance of the crop. [4] (b) (i) In very hot, dry weather, plants often wilt. How may wilting prevent death of the plant? [1] (ii) ‘Water hungry’ crops are often grown close to trees or bushes. Suggest one way in which the trees or bushes may reduce wilting in a crop. [1] [Total: 8]

9 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 5 (a) Name three requirements for safe storage of grain or cereal products. 1 2 3 [3] (b) For a named crop, describe two signs that the crop is ready to harvest. Name of crop 1 2 [2] (c) Many consumers prefer organically produced crops. In terms of food production give your justification for the use of inorganic fertilisers and pesticides. [4] [Total: 9]

10 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 6 Fig 6.1 shows a chick and a broiler. Fig. 6.1 chick Broilers take 52 days to grow ready for market. The rapid growth will only be achieved if the breeding of the chick is correct. (a) (i) The breeding is controlled by genes. What is an allele? [1] In broilers, the dominant allele for growth is represented by M, whilst the recessive allele is represented by m. For satisfactory growth the allele M is essential. (ii) Complete the following genetic diagram. Genotype of chicks [2] cockerel hen MM Mm X

11 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iii) A breeding programme to improve growth rates by artificial selection is set up. Explain why selecting a cockerel with the genes Mm to mate with a hen with genes Mm would not be a suitable cross. [2] (b) Male farm animals can be castrated by having their testicles removed. (i) Suggest two effects this might have on the animals. 1 2 [2] (ii) Before a bull can be widely used for artificial insemination (AI) the offspring are tested, and detailed records of their development are kept. Suggest two reasons for this. 1 2 [2] (iii) Some farmers still prefer to use a bull or a boar with their livestock. Suggest two reasons for this. 1 2 [2] (iv) Define lactation. [1] (v) Explain the importance of colostrum to young animals. [2] [Total: 14]

12 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 7 (a) Complete Table 7.1 on water supply. Water source Advantage Disadvantage deep well high cost shallow well low cost large river more reliable water flow small stream can run dry in hot weather Table 7.1 [4] (b) Describe briefly how you could filter water for human and animal use. [2] [Total: 6]

13 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 8 The diagrams below show three different machines that could be used to increase productivity on a small farm. machine B machine A machine C (a) What is the purpose of any machine? [1] (b) (i) Which machine is the most suitable for use on a small farm in a remote area? [1] (ii) Give reasons for your answer in (b) (i). [2] (c) (i) Which machine might be best for use by a group of farmers? [1] (ii) Give reasons for your answer in (c) (i). [1] [Total: 6]

14 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 9 (a) Describe how you could turn unproductive land covered in weeds and scrub into productive grassland pasture. [4] (b) Describe briefly two budgetary factors you would need to consider before deciding to clear and improve this land. [2] [Total: 6]

15 © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 BLANK PAGE

16 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2008 0600/03/O/N/09 BLANK PAGE

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2009 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0600 AGRICULTURE 0600/03 Paper 3 (Extended Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2009 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0600 03 © UCLES 2009 1 (a) (i) any named cereal crop [1] (ii) America Asia Europe Africa all correct 2 marks two correct 1 mark [2] (iii) low energy use/no need of such energy OWTE [1] (iv) rise/increase [1] (b) (i) use of expendable materials/impact on ground water/high cost/lower pH/ not recycled or lack of humus OWTE [2] (ii) increased run off/loss of water/tropic effect loss of top soil/erosion/leaching of nutrients any two [2] [Total: 9] 2 (a) (i) A (clay) [1] (ii) large surface area/impervious/high clay content/close fitting particles OWTE [1] (iii) idea of pipe 1 mark idea of infill 1 mark [2 max] (iv) save space/lasts longer/no hazard to stock more reliable than ditches/ditches block earlier [1] (b) (i) one mark for each correct axis and appropriate label 2 marks for ALL bars accurately represented (1 if only 3 accurate 0 if less) [4 max] (ii) Destroyall [1] (iii) toxicity ease of application specificity cost effectiveness environmental implications better control of pest better control of disease higher yields more varieties suitable for use more food more profit greater input to national economy amount of chemicals required OWTE any three [3] [Total: 13]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0600 03 © UCLES 2009 3 (a) mark for each appropriately indicated position air to root of legume 1 mark lightning to ground 1 mark [2 max] (b) rotating crops – any order to include a legume crop [2] (c) uses/cycles different nutrients, reduces build up of pests, diseases & weeds/increases soil fertility [2] (d) clover/lupins/peas/beans or any appropriate species [1] (e) increase/fix nitrate in soil/add humus less fertiliser used/better soil structure any two [2] [Total: 9] 4 (a) (i) movement of water from more positive WP to negative WP OR accept strong to weak via a selectively permeable/or semi permeable membrane [2] (ii) water drawn out by reversal of osmosis/ plant wilts/scorching leaves/death [4] (b) (i) reduced surface area/reduced water loss [1] (ii) shade from sun/reduced wind speed [1] accept idea that trees increase local rainfall [Total: 8] 5 (a) dry/vermin free/suitable water content/ ventilated/protection to stop people falling in OWTE any three [3] (b) suitable % moisture in crop/colour/smell/ fruit or seed ripe and mature OWTE any two [2] (c) know exactly how many units used/more effective/higher yield/better control of pests and disease/crops look better/keep better describing examples 2 marks justification reasons explained 2 marks [4 max] [Total: 9]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0600 03 © UCLES 2009 6 (a) (i) a variation of a gene the idea of dominant or recessive (MM Mm) [1] (ii) correct diagram punnet/square/lines Mm MM mm [2] (iii) idea of chick with two recessive alleles 1:2:1 ratio diagram only 1 mark [2] (b) (i) increased fat/slower growth 1 mark calmer or better tempered/easier to handle/no sperm/not able to reproduce/ better for working [2] (ii) check offspring for faults check the offspring are good OWTE [2] (iii) boar/bull can serve when female is in season young stock difficult to tell when in season can follow up missed AI accept cost [2] (iv) the period over which milk is produced OWTE [1] (v) provides antibodies/immunity/easy to digest/ correct nutrients/simply good nutrient OWTE [2] [Total: 14] 7 (a) (box 1) clean/reliable/more sterile water/less likely to run dry reliable = more water (box 2) unreliable/easily polluted/can run dry (box 3) needs more cleaning/polluted/dirty/further from farm unit. (box 4) lots available/less pipe work needed/easier to reach [4 max] (b) idea of filters/settlement/sterilisation/sand/gravel/micro-strainers/sieves accept then boil or chlorination accept flocculation process or any workable process [2] [Total: 6] 8 (a) to do work/increase production accept make work easier [1] (b) (i) A accept C if good reason [1] (ii) reason – cost, ease of use/repair OWTE [2] (c) (i) B [1] (ii) reason – needs to work over bigger area need to share cost OWTE [1] [Total: 6]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0600 03 © UCLES 2009 9 (a) clear/burn/cut or idea of removal plough/cultivate/drain/fence OWTE [4] (b) cost of land/cost to clear/prepare/ productivity output/profit [2] [Total: 6]