Cambridge A Level Law 9084 — 2024 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 3

[Turn over This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. * 9 0 5 6 0 9 8 4 8 9 * DC (CE) 341653 © UCLES 2024 LAW 9084/13 Paper 1 English Legal System October/November 2024 1 hour 30 minutes You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet. You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed) INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer seven questions in total: Section A: answer all questions. Section B: answer two questions. ● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 75. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. Cambridge International AS & A Level

2 9084/13/O/N/24 © UCLES 2024 Section A Answer all questions. 1 Identify two courts which deal with civil cases. [2] 2 Identify two reasons for an appeal in the criminal courts. [2] 3 Identify five types of legal system used around the world. [5] 4 Explain the difference between inquisitorial and adversarial trials. [6] 5 Discuss the disadvantages of using lay magistrates. [10] Section B Answer two questions. 6 (a) Explain negotiation and mediation. [10] (b) Discuss the advantages of using alternative dispute resolution (ADR) to resolve a civil dispute. [15] 7 (a) Explain the process required to appoint a judge in the Supreme Court. [10] (b) Assess whether the process for appointing a judge in the Supreme Court ensures that the appropriate candidates are selected. [15] 8 (a) Explain the stages through which a bill passes in the House of Commons. [10] (b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the legislative process. [15]

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4 9084/13/O/N/24 © UCLES 2024 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

This document consists of 17 printed pages. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 [Turn over Cambridge International AS & A Level LAW 9084/13 Paper 1 English Legal System October/November 2024 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 75 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2024 series for most Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level components, and some Cambridge O Level components.

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 2 of 17 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptions for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 3 of 17 Social Science-Specific Marking Principles (for point-based marking) 1 Components using point-based marking: • Point marking is often used to reward knowledge, understanding and application of skills. We give credit where the candidate’s answer shows relevant knowledge, understanding and application of skills in answering the question. We do not give credit where the answer shows confusion. From this it follows that we: a DO credit answers which are worded differently from the mark scheme if they clearly convey the same meaning (unless the mark scheme requires a specific term) b DO credit alternative answers/examples which are not written in the mark scheme if they are correct c DO credit answers where candidates give more than one correct answer in one prompt/numbered/scaffolded space where extended writing is required rather than list-type answers. For example, questions that require n reasons (e.g. State two reasons …). d DO NOT credit answers simply for using a ‘key term’ unless that is all that is required. (Check for evidence it is understood and not used wrongly.) e DO NOT credit answers which are obviously self-contradicting or trying to cover all possibilities f DO NOT give further credit for what is effectively repetition of a correct point already credited unless the language itself is being tested. This applies equally to ‘mirror statements’ (i.e. polluted/not polluted). g DO NOT require spellings to be correct, unless this is part of the test. However spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. Corrasion/Corrosion) 2 Presentation of mark scheme: • Slashes (/) or the word ‘or’ separate alternative ways of making the same point. • Semi colons (;) bullet points (•) or figures in brackets (1) separate different points. • Content in the answer column in brackets is for examiner information/context to clarify the marking but is not required to earn the mark (except Accounting syllabuses where they indicate negative numbers). 3 Calculation questions: • The mark scheme will show the steps in the most likely correct method(s), the mark for each step, the correct answer(s) and the mark for each answer • If working/explanation is considered essential for full credit, this will be indicated in the question paper and in the mark scheme. In all other instances, the correct answer to a calculation should be given full credit, even if no supporting working is shown. • Where the candidate uses a valid method which is not covered by the mark scheme, award equivalent marks for reaching equivalent stages. • Where an answer makes use of a candidate’s own incorrect figure from previous working, the ‘own figure rule’ applies: full marks will be given if a correct and complete method is used. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 4 of 17 4 Annotation: • For point marking, ticks can be used to indicate correct answers and crosses can be used to indicate wrong answers. There is no direct relationship between ticks and marks. Ticks have no defined meaning for levels of response marking. • For levels of response marking, the level awarded should be annotated on the script. • Other annotations will be used by examiners as agreed during standardisation, and the meaning will be understood by all examiners who marked that paper.

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 5 of 17 Guidance on using levels-based mark schemes Marking of work should be positive, rewarding achievement where possible, but clearly differentiating across the whole range of marks, where appropriate. The marker should look at the work and then make a judgement about which level statement is the best fit. In practice, work does not always match one level statement precisely so a judgement may need to be made between two or more level statements. Once a best-fit level statement has been identified, use the following guidance to decide on a specific mark: • If the candidate’s work convincingly meets the level statement, award the highest mark. • If the candidate’s work adequately meets the level statement, award the most appropriate mark in the middle of the range (where middle marks are available). • If the candidate’s work just meets the level statement, award the lowest mark. Assessment objectives AO1 Knowledge and understanding • Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of legal concepts, principles and rules. • Use statutes, cases, examples and legal terminology. AO2 Analysis and application • Analyse legal concepts, principles and rules. • Apply legal concepts, principles and rules. AO3 Evaluation • Evaluate legal concepts, principles and rules. • Communicate legal argument coherently on the basis of evidence.

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 6 of 17 Annotations and their Use Annotation Use  Used as an indication of relevant and rewardable content in the body of the answer. X Indicates where the content is legally incorrect. ? Indicates where the response is unclear. NAQ Used when the answer of parts of the answer are not answering the question asked. BOD Used when the benefit of the doubt is given in order to reward a response. A Indicates where a relevant Act of Parliament or statutory authority has been used and to indicate where AO2 Analysis and application has been awarded. C Indicates where a relevant piece of legal authority has been used to indicate where AO2 Analysis and application has been awarded. EVAL Indicates where the answer has demonstrated AO3 Evaluation. LNK Indicates that an attempt has been made to link to the question posed. REP Indicates where content has been repeated. SEEN Indicates that content has been recognised but not rewarded.

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 7 of 17 Question Answer Marks 1 Identify two courts which deal with civil cases. AO1 Knowledge and understanding Any two from: • Magistrates Court • County Court • High Court • Court of Appeal (Civil Division) • Supreme Court 1 mark for each court named for a total of 2 marks. 2 Question Answer Marks 2 Identify two reasons for an appeal in the criminal courts. AO1 Knowledge and understanding Any two from: • Against conviction • Against sentence • Case stated appeal 1 mark per reason accurately identified up to a maximum of 2 marks. 2 Question Answer Marks 3 Identify five types of legal system used around the world. AO1 Knowledge and understanding • Codified Civil Legal System • Common Law • Customary law • Religious Law • Mixed Legal Systems 1 mark per system accurately stated up to a maximum of 5 marks. 5

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 8 of 17 Question Answer Marks 4 Explain the difference between inquisitorial and adversarial trials. AO1 Knowledge and understanding Inquisitorial: • Judge takes an active role and questions witnesses • Judge acts as a fact finder • Emphasis on impartiality and truth finding • Advocates help the judge rather than take sides • Can make for lengthy cases • Often applied in countries with codified system Adversarial: • Judge is impartial and does not ask questions • Each advocate represents its own parties’ case • Investigation is carried out by the police • Each side seeks to discredit the other sides witnesses • Leads to a contest between the parties • Usually in countries with common law jurisdictions. 1 mark for defining each term and up to 2 marks for explaining each term, for a total of 6 marks. 6

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 9 of 17 Question Answer Marks 5 Discuss the disadvantages of using lay magistrates. Table A Use this table to give marks for each candidate response. Level AO2 Analysis and application 6 marks AO3 Evaluation 4 marks Description Description 3 5–6 marks • Clearly reasoned analysis. • Effective use of relevant examples. 4 marks • Clearly focused evaluation developed with relevant evidence. 2 3–4 marks • Some analysis. • Some use of relevant examples. 2–3 marks • Some evaluation which may be developed with some relevant material. 1 1–2 marks • Limited analysis. • Limited use of relevant examples. 1 mark • Limited evaluation with little or relevant evidence. 0 0 marks • No creditable content. 0 marks • No creditable content. Indicative content Responses may include: Disadvantages: • Not a true cross section of the population • 84% over 50 • Majority from professional or managerial backgrounds • Young people less likely to apply as they are concentrating on progression at work • Unlikely to live in problem areas so cannot understand area’s issues • Local court closures mean that local knowledge being lost • Can be inconsistencies in sentencing • Too great a reliance on legal advisor • Biased in favour of police/prosecution. 10 AO2 6 AO3 4

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 10 of 17 Section B Table B Use this table to give marks for each candidate response for Questions 6(a), 7(a) and 8(a). Level AO1 Knowledge and understanding Description Marks 4 • Accurate and detailed in most relevant areas. • Thorough knowledge and understanding of the most appropriate legal concepts, principles and rules, key examples, cases and/or statutory authority, and legal terminology. 9–10 3 • Mostly accurate but may not be detailed in some relevant areas. • Good knowledge and understanding of appropriate legal concepts, principles and rules, examples, cases and/or statutory authority, and legal terminology. 6–8 2 • Some accuracy but lacks detail in relevant areas. • Some knowledge and understanding of mostly appropriate legal concepts, principles and rules, examples, cases and/or statutory authority, and legal terminology. 3–5 1 • Limited accuracy. • Limited knowledge and understanding of legal concepts, principles and rules, examples, cases and/or statutory authority, and legal terminology. 1–2 0 • No creditable content. 0

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 11 of 17 Table C Use this table to give marks for each candidate response for Questions 6(b), 7(b) and 8(b). Level AO2 Analysis and application 8 marks AO3 Evaluation 7 marks Description Description 3 6–8 marks • Mostly focused and reasoned analysis throughout. • The analysis is supported by effective and well developed use of legal concepts, principles and rules, key examples, cases and/or statutory authority. 6–7 marks • Mostly focused and reasoned evaluation of most of the relevant issues. • Effectively supported by relevant material. • Coherent argument. 2 3–5 marks • Some reasoned analysis. • The analysis is supported by some partially developed use of legal concepts, principles and rules, examples, cases and/or statutory authority. 3–5 marks • Some evaluation, reasoned at times, of some of the relevant issues. • Supported by some relevant material. • Some coherent argument. 1 1–2 marks • Limited analysis. • The analysis is supported by limited use or makes no use of legal concepts, principles and rules, examples, cases and/or statutory authority. 1–2 marks • Limited evaluation of a relevant issue. • Limited or no use of relevant material. • Limited or no argument. 0 0 marks • No creditable content. 0 marks • No creditable content.

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 12 of 17 Question Answer Marks 6(a) Explain negotiation and mediation. Use Table B to mark candidate responses to this question. Indicative content Responses may include: AO1 Knowledge and understanding Negotiation: • Face to face • By phone/letters • May use solicitors • Informal • Not binding Mediation: • Neutral 3rd party • Trained • Seeks compromise • Can be done online • Mediator does not disclose own views • Seeks to discover common ground • Formalised settlement conference • Commercial mediation services • Centre for Dispute Resolution • West Kent Independent Mediation Service 10

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 13 of 17 Question Answer Marks 6(b) Discuss the advantages of using alternative dispute resolution (ADR) to resolve a civil dispute. Use Table C to mark candidate responses to this question. Indicative content Responses may include: AO2 Analysis and application and AO3 Evaluation Negotiation: • Quick & straightforward • No costs • Parties in control Conciliation: • Cheaper than court • Parties have some control • Can include agreements about future business Mediation: • Cheaper than court • Parties in control • Covers many areas • Can include agreements about future business Arbitration: • Cheaper than court • Final & binding decision • Can be enforced in court 15 AO2 8 AO3 7

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 14 of 17 Question Answer Marks 7(a) Explain the process required to appoint a judge in the Supreme Court. Use Table B to mark candidate responses to this question. Indicative content Responses may include: AO1 Knowledge and understanding Qualifications: Supreme Court • 15 year Supreme Court Qualification or hold high judicial office e.g. judge in Court of Appeal • Can also be appointed from senior judiciary in Scotland or NI for at least 15 years • Barrister or Solicitor Selection Process: Supreme Court • Selected according to part 3 Constitutional Reform Acct 2005 • Office of the President of the Court convenes a Supreme Court Selection Commission • Includes President & Deputy of the Supreme Court & one member of the JAC decides on the selection process, selects candidate and reports to the Lord Chancellor • Lord Chancellor must accept • LC notifies the PM, recommends to the King who appoints. 10

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 15 of 17 Question Answer Marks 7(b) Assess whether the process for appointing a judge in the Supreme Court ensures that the appropriate candidates are selected. Use Table C to mark candidate responses to this question. Indicative content Responses may include: AO2 Analysis and application and AO3 Evaluation Supreme Court • Historically ‘secret soundings’ • Lord Chancellor chose on basis of private recommendations. • Candidates did not know information held on them. • Now improved as more open system • Lord Chancellor cannot now refuse an appointment suggested by the panel. • Wider range of people involved in selection. • However, these committees predominantly consist of existing senior judges, problem? • No requirement on selection committee for gender/ethnicity balance • Limited pool of candidates • Less likely to include women or those from minorities. • This may improve as these types of candidates come up through the system. • Solicitors now qualify. 15 AO2 8 AO3 7

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 16 of 17 Question Answer Marks 8(a) Explain the stages through which a bill passes in the House of Commons. Use Table B to mark candidate responses to this question. Indicative content Responses may include: AO1 Knowledge and understanding House of Commons: • First Reading • Second Reading • Committee Stage • Report Stage • Third Reading. 10

9084/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 17 of 17 Question Answer Marks 8(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the legislative process. Use Table C to mark candidate responses to this question. Indicative content Responses may include: AO2 Analysis and application and AO3 Evaluation Advantages • Made by elected representatives. • Unelected House of Lords cannot delay law indefinitely –Parliament Acts (1911) (1949) • Can reform whole areas in one act Fraud Act (2006) • Can set broad policies and leave detail to Delegated Legislation • Consultation before a bill enters Parliament ensures focus and acceptability. • High level of scrutiny • Some expertise in Committees • Law is certain and cannot be altered by judges. Disadvantages: • Government time • Unwillingness to change ‘lawyers’ law’ e.g. Offences Against the Person Act 1861 • Long involved process • Little time for Private Members’ bills • Acts can be very hard to understand Complex structure. • Complex when parts of acts are amended. • Not always clear when an act comes into effect. • Constant revisions at various stages can make acts more complex. • Undemocratic influence of unelected House of Lords 15 AO2 8 AO3 7