Cambridge A Level Information Technology (from 2017) 9626 — 2022 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Turn over Cambridge International AS & A Level DC (KN) 303205/2 © UCLES 2022 * 4 4 6 4 1 7 9 1 6 4 * INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/11 Paper 1 Theory October/November 2022 1 hour 45 minutes You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. ● Calculators must not be used in this paper. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 70. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

2 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 1 Computers often have utility software supplied with the operating system. Explain what is meant by utility software and why it is needed. … … … … … … … … … … [4] 2 Sandeep works for a company which uses software to help protect its computer systems against malware. The company is looking for additional ways to minimise the effects of malware. Sandeep and the other workers have already been advised on good practice when logging on and how to use emails safely. Describe other methods the company can instruct workers to use so that malware can be prevented from entering its computer systems. … … … … … … … … … … [4]

3 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over 3 Most companies use transaction files to update master files in their payroll systems. One part of the updating process is to calculate weekly or monthly pay. Another part is to update workers’ personal and work details. Without referring to the calculation of pay, describe the three types of transaction that would take place when workers’ details are being updated. You must give an example for each type of transaction. Transaction type 1: … … Example 1: … … Transaction type 2: … … Example 2: … … Transaction type 3: … … Example 3: … … [6]

4 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 4 A customer at a supermarket checkout pays for their goods by inserting a card into a chip reader and entering their personal identification number (PIN). Electronic funds transfer takes place. Describe what happens during the electronic funds transfer. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6]

5 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over 5 Encryption is a method used by organisations to keep data confidential. Symmetric or asymmetric encryption is used. Explain what is meant by asymmetric encryption. … … … … … … … … … … … … [5] 6 The digital divide affects many people. There can be a divide between older and younger people. Describe how this digital divide could be reduced. … … … … … … … … … … … … [5]

6 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 7 Spreadsheet models can be used to forecast the population growth of humans. Analyse the effectiveness of using a spreadsheet model for this purpose. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8]

7 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over 8 Maria has been asked to write a word-processed report for her homework. She needs to choose between using proprietary software and open source software. Describe the differences between these two types of software. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6]

8 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 9 Jose has a greenhouse to grow his plants. He lives in a country which has a warm climate so the greenhouse does not need a heater but has microprocessor controlled windows and a temperature sensor. (a) Describe how the sensor represents the temperature so the computer can read the data. … … [1] (b) Complete this pseudocode algorithm to show the processing which takes place to control the temperature of the greenhouse. WHILE system switched on INPUT temperature IF temperature > preset THEN IF window closed THEN … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8]

9 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over (c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages, to Jose, of using microprocessor control in this scenario. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8]

10 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 10 Companies who store the personal data of individuals use a number of methods to prevent illegal access to this data. Apart from preventing illegal access, suggest other methods companies can use to protect the confidentiality of this data. … … … … … … … … … … … … [5] 11 Explain what is meant by an indirect data source. In your explanation include descriptions of two different indirect data sources. … … … … … … … … … … [4]

11 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 BLANK PAGE

12 9626/11/O/N/22 © UCLES 2022 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

This document consists of 9 printed pages. © UCLES 2022 [Turn over Cambridge International AS & A Level INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/11 Paper 1 Theory October/November 2022 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 70 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2022 series for most Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 2 of 9 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 3 of 9 Question Answer Marks 1 Three from: • A program that helps perform maintenance (in a computer system) (1) • A program that performs a specific task ... (1) ... usually related to managing system resources (1) • Operating systems can contain a number of different utilities/types (for managing files and storage devices) (1) • Identified suitable example (e.g. file management/storage device) (1) One from: • Generic statement of why utility software is required (1) e.g. • It is needed to keep the computer free from viruses (1) • It is needed to make the files contiguous (1) • It is needed to improve the computer's performance by managing the allocation of computer memory (1) 4 Question Answer Marks 2 Four from: • Follow anti-malware policies. (1) • Report malicious websites to the e.g. network manager/compliance(1) • Maintain up to date knowledge of risks (from malware) (1) • Be suspicious about clicking on links (1) • Know that they must not connect removable media/memory sticks//personally owned device to their computer//the network (1) • Report strange/unexpected system behaviour to the e.g.network manager/compliance (1) • Only download software from a trusted source//do not download software onto the computer (1) • Disconnect computer from network when not making use of network facilities (1) 4

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 4 of 9 Question Answer Marks 3 Up to six marks available for three matched pairs e.g. • Delete/remove a (master file) record (1) • To remove duplicates//Where a record is no longer needed (accept examples) (1) • Amend/change a (master file) record (1) • E.g. A worker moves department/gets a pay rise/changes name (1) • Add/append a (master file) record (1) • A new worker joins the company (1) 6 Question Answer Marks 4 Six from: • Chip is read/checked ... (1) ... to make sure it has not been reported stolen, is in date and is a valid card number (MUST be two of three) ... (1) ... If not message appears saying the card is invalid (and the transaction does not continue) (MAY BE AWARDED WHERE ONLY ONE OF PREVIOUS THREE EXAMPLES HAS BEEN GIVEN) (1) • PIN entered by the customer is compared with that stored on the chip (1) • If PIN is verified the transaction continues ... (1) ... otherwise (error) message will appear ... (1) ... customer is asked to re-enter PIN (1) • If after three attempts the PINs do not match the transaction is rejected (1) • Supermarket computer contacts customer bank (to find customer's records) to see if there are sufficient funds in the customer’s account (1) • If there are sufficient funds in the customer’s account transaction is completed (1) • If there are insufficient funds in the customer’s account transaction is rejected (1) • Amount of the transaction is deducted from customer’s bank account (1) • Amount of the transaction is credited to supermarket’s bank account (1) 6

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 5 of 9 Question Answer Marks 5 Five from: • Often called public-key encryption (1) • Uses two different keys// one public and one private/secret (key) (1) • No need to transfer a key (with the message) (1) • The public key/key held by the person doing the encryption is used to encrypt the data (1) • The corresponding private/secret key is used to decrypt the data (1) • The public key is published to everyone (1) • The private key is kept secret (1) • Anyone with a copy of the public key can encrypt information (1) • Only the private key holder can read the information (1) • It is not possible to deduce the private key from the public key (1) 5 Question Answer Marks 6 Five from: e.g. • Younger people could train older people (1) • The government could subsidise internet access for older people (1) • Government could encourage libraries/community centres to offer free internet access to older people/those who do not have access (1) • Retirement villages could be built incorporating technologies (1) • Information providers should be required to produce content in suitable formats so that people with weaker eyesight can easily access the content (1) • Grants can be made to organisations to deliver digital literacy training programmes to older people (1) • Schools could allow older people access to technology facilities in the evenings//during school holidays (1) • Schools could provide teaching and training to older people to improve their skills (1) 5

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 6 of 9 Question Answer Marks 7 Eight from: • Spreadsheet models can do complex calculations (1) • Formulas are recalculated automatically ... (1) ... speeding up the use of the model (1) • Graphs that are produced to show population growth ... (1) ... will (automatically) change as new values are added/old values altered (1) • (Reliable because) provide consistent results from the same inputs //will always produce the same answer (1) • Spreadsheets can automatically download data to provide data in the fields (1) • Cannot account for every possible variable when forecasting population growth ... (1) ... therefore model can give misleading results (1) • To try to account for as many variables as possible requires complex formulae ... (1) ... which may need experts who are expensive to hire (1) • Producing an effective model may be time consuming (1) • The model can have formulae replicated (1) • Complex population predictions may need additional software/modules ... (1) ... which is expensive to buy (1) • Data can be entered accurately because of computer-based validation and verification (1) Max. six marks if bullets/list of points Max six if no expansions 8 Question Answer Marks 8 Six from: • Proprietary software is owned by the copyright holder//not owned by the user (1) • Proprietary software users have to purchase a licence/pay to use it ... (1) ... open source software is usually free to download// includes a request for a donation to charity (1) • There are almost always restrictions on the use of proprietary software ... (1) ... open-source software can be used/accessed/implemented by anyone (1) • The specific terms of use are included in an end-user license agreement (1) • The source code of proprietary software is a secret ... (1) ... open-source software source code is open to inspection (1) • Usually covered by copyright which provides a legal basis for its owner to establish exclusive rights ... (1) ... open-source software code can sometimes be amended without breach of copyright legislation (1) 6

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 7 of 9 Question Answer Marks 9(a) One from: • Electrical resistance is changed/voltage is generated (depending on the temperature) (1) • Electrical signals are generated (which are converted into values (to represent temperature)) (1). 1 9(b) WHILE system switched on INPUT temperature IF temperature > preset THEN IF window closed THEN send signal to motor to open window ENDIF ELSE IF window open THEN send signal to motor to close window ENDIF ENDIF ENDWHILE • send signal to open//open window (NOT ‘output’) (1) • send signal to open//open window as 1st statement (1) • ENDIF closes the IF statement (1) • ALL three ENDIFs in same vertical plane as relevant IFs (within reason) (1) • ELSE (1) • ELSE in same vertical plane as THEN (1) • ‘IF window open’ (or equivalent) ... (1) ... IF window open condition closed with ENDIF (1) • Close window instruction (1) • Send signal to motor to close window appropriately positioned (1) • IF temperature > preset value condition closed with ENDIF (1) • Whole of IF Window open section indented correctly (allow follow through on close window instruction position) (1) • ENDWHILE as final statement (1) 8

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 8 of 9 Question Answer Marks 9(c) Eight from: Advantages max 6 • Reduced chance of plants dying/wilting etc (1) • Jose could forget to (e.g.) open window//be so busy that he is unable to (e.g.) open window ... (1) ... computers can be permanently switched on and take action regularly/will not forget (1) • Jose can do other tasks (1) • Computers can take action immediately if the temperature gets too hot ... (1) ... there would be a delay before Jose can take action (1) • Readings taken by computers tend to be more accurate ... (1) ... and action taken is therefore more likely to be the correct one (1) (ACCEPT CONVERSE ARGUMENTS ABOUT JOSE’S INACCURACY) • If Jose was physically disabled, he may find it difficult to open window ... (1) ... whereas computer can do it automatically (1) Disadvantages max 6 • Computers can be expensive to buy ... (1) ... whereas it would not cost Jose any money to look after the plants himself (1) • Computer maintenance costs can be expensive ... (1) ... whereas with Jose that is not a problem (1) • It is quite difficult to program computers to take correct action ... (1) ... but Jose would know instinctively//will have expertise (1) • Sensors can deteriorate//become inaccurate ... (1) ... whereas Jose's actions will tend to be more consistent (1) ... and will need recalibration (1) • A computer-controlled system will not be able to function if there is a problem with the computer/there is a power cut/load shedding (1) Max. six marks if bullets/list of points Must have at least expansions or comparisons to achieve six marks in either section 8

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 9 of 9 Question Answer Marks 10 Five from: • Follow data protection act rules (1) • Use only the minimum necessary confidential personal information (1) • Use anonymised information wherever possible (1) • Securely dispose of confidential personal information when it is no longer needed (1) • Only share/disclose/publish confidential personal information where it is lawful to do so (1) • Only allow authorised workers to view the data (1) • Encrypt the data (1) • Ensure workers have a duty of confidence/sign a confidentiality agreement (1) • Use aggregated data wherever possible (1) • Remove geotags from photos/images (1) 5 Question Answer Marks 11 Max TWO from: e.g. • Data has been collected for a particular/different purpose ... (1) ... but then that data is used for something else (1) Max TWO from: e.g. • The Electoral Register is a list of adults who are entitled to vote in a local or national election (1) • Customers in stores often provide personal information when they buy products (1) 4