Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2016 Oct/Nov Paper 3 · Variant 2

This document consists of 36 printed pages. DC (NH/JG) 120883/5 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over * 4 2 8 0 7 7 3 0 0 7 * CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/32 Paper 3 (Extended) October/November 2016 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 36. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

2 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 1 Fig. 1.1 shows a plant root hair in the soil. The root hair cell absorbs water from the soil by osmosis. soil particle water root hair air space Fig. 1.1 (a) Define the term osmosis. … … … …[3] (b) Describe how the structure of the root hair cell is adapted to absorb water efficiently. … … …[2]

3 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (c) The soil surrounding a root hair cell becomes flooded with seawater, which has a very high concentration of salts. Suggest and explain what effect this has on (i) the contents of the root hair cell, … … …[2] (ii) the leaves of the plant. … … …[2] (d) Water is a raw material for photosynthesis. (i) Name one other substance that is a raw material for photosynthesis. …[1] (ii) Name a substance that is needed for photosynthesis that is not used up by the process. …[1]

4 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 2 Table 2.1 shows some information about three elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Table 2.1 element electron arrangement relative reactivity Na 2,8,1 most least Mg 2,8,2 Ar 2,8,8 (a) (i) Explain why argon atoms do not form chemical bonds. … … …[2] (ii) A student uses the information in Table 2.1 to make the following conclusion. From left to right across Period 3 the elements become less and less reactive. Explain why this conclusion is incorrect. … …[1] (b) Fig. 2.1 shows apparatus used to investigate how the change in acid concentration affects the speed of reaction between dilute sulfuric acid and excess magnesium. dilute sulfuric acid magnesium water-bath to control the temperature of the mixture gas syringe moves out as gas enters syringe Fig. 2.1

5 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over The only variable that changes in this investigation is the concentration of the acid. Table 2.2 shows the acid concentration and the speed of reaction. Table 2.2 acid concentration / mol per dm3 speed of reaction / cm3 of gas produced per second 0.2 1.5 0.4 3.0 0.6 4.5 0.8 6.0 (i) Use the results in Table 2.2 to predict the acid concentration that is required to produce 9.0 cm3 of gas per second. Explain your answer. acid concentration … mol per dm3 explanation … … …[2] (ii) Use the results in Table 2.2 to explain, in terms of particles, the effect of increasing acid concentration on the speed of reaction. … … …[2]

6 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 3 Fig. 3.1 shows a man bungee-jumping from a bridge. elastic rope bungee jumper river bridge Fig. 3.1 The man is attached to one end of an elastic rope. The other end of the rope is attached to the bridge. The man jumps from the bridge. (a) Name the force that makes the man fall towards the river. …[1] (b) The rope is elastic and behaves like a spring. A perfect spring will obey Hooke’s Law. State Hooke’s Law. … …[1]

7 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (c) Fig. 3.2 shows the speed / time graph for the man during part of the jump. 30 35 40 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time / seconds m / s speed Fig. 3.2 (i) Write down the maximum speed of the man. … m / s [1] (ii) Calculate the acceleration of the man for the first 4 seconds. Show your working. acceleration = … m / s2 [2] (iii) Calculate the distance travelled by the man during the first 5 seconds of his jump. Show your working. distance = … m [2]

8 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (iv) The mass of the man is 90 kg. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the man during his fall. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working maximum kinetic energy = …J [2] (d) Suggest what happens to the motion of the man after 5 seconds. … …[1]

9 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 4 Fig. 4.1 shows part of the human gas exchange system. X Y Fig. 4.1 (a) Name the structures labelled X and Y. X … Y … [2] (b) State three ways in which the air breathed out of the lungs is different from the air breathed in. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3]

10 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (c) The graph in Fig. 4.2 shows how the carbon monoxide concentration in a person’s blood changes when a cigarette is smoked. 10 8 9 6 7 4 5 2 3 1 0 0 10 15 5 20 25 35 30 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 time during which a cigarette is smoked blood carbon monoxide concentration / arbitrary units time / minutes Fig. 4.2 (i) State how long it takes, after the person finishes smoking the cigarette, for their blood carbon monoxide concentration to return to its original level. … minutes [1] (ii) On Fig. 4.2, draw a curve to show how you would expect this person’s blood carbon monoxide concentration to change if they smoked another identical cigarette, smoked in a similar way to the first, during time 50–54 minutes. [2] (iii) If an athlete smokes, carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream and reduces the athlete’s performance. Explain why carbon monoxide in the blood has this effect. … … … …[2]

11 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 5 Many useful elements are extracted from compounds found in the Earth’s crust. (a) Table 5.1 shows the chemical formulae of raw materials used in the extraction of three elements. Complete the table to show the names of the useful elements extracted. Table 5.1 formulae of raw materials used in the extraction process extraction process used name of useful element Al2O3 Na3Al F6 (cryolite) electrolysis C Fe2O3 (hematite) O2 (from air) chemical reduction NaCl H2O electrolysis [3]

12 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (b) Limestone contains mainly calcium carbonate. Fig. 5.1 shows a limekiln in which limestone changes into lime, calcium oxide. waste gases calcium carbonate changing to calcium oxide carbon burning to provide thermal energy air Fig. 5.1 Calcium carbonate changes to calcium oxide only when the carbon in the limekiln burns to provide thermal energy. The word equation for the reaction in this process is: calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide Choose two words from the list which describe this chemical reaction. addition cracking decomposition endothermic exothermic neutralisation oxidation reduction 1 … 2 … [2]

13 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (c) (i) Calcium oxide is an ionic compound. Calcium is in Group II of the Periodic Table and oxygen is in Group VI. Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why a calcium ion has a charge of 2+, and why an oxide ion has a charge of 2–. You may draw a diagram if it helps your answer. … … … … …[3] (ii) Use your answer to part (c)(i) to explain why the formula of calcium oxide is CaO. … …[1]

14 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (d) The balanced equation for the conversion of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide is shown below. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 A sample of limestone contains 95% by mass of calcium carbonate. Use the four steps below to determine the mass of calcium oxide that can be obtained from 1.0 kg of this limestone. step 1 Calculate the mass of calcium carbonate in 1.0 kg of limestone. …g step 2 Calculate the number of moles of calcium carbonate in 1.0 kg of limestone. [relative formula mass of calcium carbonate = 100] State the number of moles of calcium oxide that are produced. moles of calcium carbonate … moles of calcium oxide … step 3 Calculate the relative formula mass of calcium oxide. [Ca, 40; O, 16] … step 4 Use your answers in step 2 and step 3 to calculate the mass of calcium oxide that can be obtained from 1.0 kg of limestone. …g [4]

15 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 6 (a) A saucepan manufacturer is investigating the best materials to make a saucepan. The saucepan will be heated on the hot plate of an electric cooker. The manufacturer looks at the information in Table 6.1. Table 6.1 material density g / cm3 electrical conductivity thermal conductivity thermal expansion aluminium 2.7 high high high copper 9.0 very high very high high glass 2.6 very low low average plastic 0.9 none very low none steel 8.0 average average high wood 0.7 very low low low Use the information in Table 6.1 to decide which material would be the most suitable material to use for the parts of the saucepan listed. Give reasons for your answers. the base of the saucepan … reason … the handle of the saucepan … reason … [2] (b) Some water is heated in the saucepan. The liquid water turns into the gas steam when it boils. Describe the differences between water at 20 °C and steam in terms of • the distances between the molecules, • the forces between the molecules, • the motion of the molecules. … … … … … …[3]

16 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (c) The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / kg °C. Calculate the energy required to heat 0.8 kg of water from 20 °C to 90 °C. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working energy = …J [3]

17 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 7.

18 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 7 Some people are born with six toes on each foot, as shown in Fig. 7.1. This is called polydactyly. Polydactyly is caused by a dominant allele. The allele for five toes is recessive. Fig. 7.1 Fig. 7.2 is a genetic diagram showing the inheritance of polydactyly in one family. P is the allele for polydactyly and p is the allele for five toes. parents: phenotypes polydactyly polydactyly genotypes Pp Pp gametes P p P p F1 generation: genotypes PP Pp Pp pp phenotypes polydactyly polydactyly polydactyly five toes Fig. 7.2 (a) State the correct terms to describe (i) a genotype with two identical alleles, for example PP or pp, …[1] (ii) a genotype with two different alleles, for example Pp, …[1] (iii) the type of variation shown in polydactyly, where there are two distinct phenotypes. …[1]

19 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (b) Use the information in Fig. 7.2 to predict the probability (i) that a child of the F1 generation will inherit polydactyly, …[1] (ii) that a child of the F1 generation has polydactyly and is also a carrier of the allele for five toes. …[1] (c) Characteristics such as polydactyly may suddenly appear in a family even if there is no history of the condition in previous generations. Suggest and describe how this could occur. … … …[2]

20 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 8 (a) Hydrogen chloride gas, HCl, is a covalent compound. It is formed when hydrogen and chlorine combine. Fig. 8.1 shows diagrams of the arrangements of outer electrons in molecules of hydrogen and of chlorine. H H XX XX XX X X XX X X X X Cl Cl Fig. 8.1 Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of outer electrons in a molecule of hydrogen chloride gas. [2]

21 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (b) Hydrochloric acid is made when hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water. Hydrochloric acid is a solution containing hydrogen ions, H+, and chloride ions, Cl –. Fig. 8.2 shows apparatus a student uses to investigate the electrolysis of dilute hydrochloric acid. d.c. power supply hydrogen gas dilute hydrochloric acid chlorine gas + – Fig. 8.2 Describe how chloride ions change to chlorine gas. … … … …[3]

22 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (c) Fluorine and iodine are in the same group of the Periodic Table as chlorine. A student uses the apparatus shown in Fig. 8.3 to pass chlorine gas through colourless solutions of potassium fluoride and potassium iodide. chlorine gas chlorine gas potassium fluoride solution potassium iodide solution test-tube C test-tube D Fig. 8.3 (i) Predict the change in appearance, if any, of the solutions in test-tubes C and D. test-tube C … test-tube D … [2] (ii) Explain, in terms of reactivity, your answers to (c)(i). test-tube C … … test-tube D … … [2]

23 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 9 A mountaineer is climbing a high mountain. (a) The boiling point of water is lower at the top of the mountain than at the bottom. Define the term boiling point. … …[1] (b) As he climbs higher, the mountaineer is exposed to more ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. (i) Place ultraviolet in the correct position in the incomplete electromagnetic spectrum below. X-rays visible light microwaves [1] (ii) State the speed, in km / s, at which all electromagnetic waves travel. … km / s [1] (iii) Ultraviolet radiation is ionising radiation. Name one other type of ionising radiation. …[1]

24 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (c) The mountaineer takes a bottle containing water to the top of the mountain. At the top of the mountain, he removes the cap from the bottle, drinks the water and replaces the cap securely. Fig. 9.1A shows the empty bottle. When he safely reaches the bottom of the mountain, he notices that the bottle has collapsed. This is shown in Fig. 9.1B. Fig. 9.1A Fig. 9.1B At the top of the mountain the volume of air in the bottle is 330 cm3. The atmospheric pressure is 5 × 104 Pa. Atmospheric pressure at the bottom of the mountain is 1 × 105 Pa. Calculate the volume of the air inside the collapsed bottle at the bottom of the mountain. Assume that there is no change in temperature. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working volume = … cm3 [2]

25 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (d) The mountaineer lights a small fire by using a lens to focus the Sun’s rays. This is shown in Fig. 9.2. light ray Fig. 9.2 (i) Use a labelling line to show the principal focus of the lens. Label the line P. [1] (ii) Use a double headed arrow ( ) to indicate the focal length of the lens. Label it with the letter F. [1]

26 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 10 Rainwater was collected from four different areas over a period of one month. Table 10.1 shows the amounts of rainwater collected in each area, and also the pH of the water. Table 10.1 area volume of rainwater collected / cm3 pH 1 25 5.7 2 19 3.5 3 37 7.0 4 15 6.8 (a) State the area listed in Table 10.1 that is most affected by acid rain. Explain how you arrived at this answer. area … explanation … … [1] (b) Suggest a reason why there is acid rain in this area. … …[1] (c) Give two harmful effects of acid rain. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Suggest two ways in which governments could reduce the problem of acid rain. 1 … 2 … [2]

27 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 11 (a) Fig. 11.1 shows a fractional distillation column. Three of the fractions obtained from the column are shown. kerosine diesel oil gasoline raw material Fig. 11.1 (i) Name the raw material that is used. … [1] (ii) On Fig. 11.1, use the letter R to label the point where refinery gases leave the column. [1] (iii) State the fraction shown in Fig. 11.1 that has the highest boiling point range. Explain your answer using ideas about molecules. fraction … explanation … … … [2] (iv) Name two compounds that are produced when gasoline, diesel and kerosine undergo complete combustion. 1 … 2 … [1]

28 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (b) Hydrocarbon X contains four carbon atoms in each of its molecules. Hydrocarbon X does not change a solution of bromine from orange to colourless. State and explain which of the hydrocarbons below is hydrocarbon X. butane butene propane propene hydrocarbon X is … explanation … … … [2] (c) Methane, CH4, and steam react together to produce hydrogen gas, H2, and carbon monoxide, CO. (i) Construct a balanced equation for this reaction. Include state symbols. …[3] (ii) Hydrogen produced in this reaction is used in the Haber process. Write the word equation for the reaction that uses hydrogen in the Haber process. …[1]

29 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 12.

30 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 12 (a) An engineer is checking a thermistor used in a temperature gauge for use in a car. She connects the thermistor into the circuit shown in Fig. 12.1. 12 V A Fig. 12.1 She heats the thermistor and measures the current at different temperatures. Her results are plotted on the graph in Fig. 12.2. 0.20 0.10 0.00 25 20 30 35 40 45 50 current / A temperature / °C Fig. 12.2

31 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (i) State the current passing through the thermistor at 47 °C. …A [1] (ii) The supply voltage is 12 V. Calculate the resistance of the thermistor at 47 °C. State the formula you use, show your working and state the unit of your answer. formula working resistance = … unit = … [3] (iii) Use the graph in Fig. 12.2 to describe what happens to the current in the thermistor as the temperature increases. … …[1] (iv) Use the graph in Fig. 12.2 to explain the relationship between resistance and temperature for the thermistor. … …[1]

32 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (b) The car has a generator. Fig. 12.3 shows a simple generator producing an alternating voltage. X Z Y Fig. 12.3 (i) Draw one straight line from each letter to its correct label. X axle brush coil magnet slip ring letter label Y Z [2]

33 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (ii) On the grid below sketch a graph of voltage output against time for a simple a.c. generator. voltage time 0 [2]

34 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (c) (i) The generator in the car is noisy and emits sound waves which pass through the air. The speed of sound in air is 330 m / s and the wavelength of the sound waves is 0.7 m. Calculate the frequency of the sound waves. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working frequency = … Hz [2] (ii) The sound waves pass through the air as a series of compressions (C) and rarefactions (R). Fig. 12.4 shows the positions of the compressions and rarefactions as the sound wave passes through the air. C C C C C C R R R R R Fig. 12.4 On Fig. 12.4 mark one wavelength with a double headed arrow ( ). [1] (iii) The frequency of the sound wave increases. Describe how the diagram shown in Fig. 12.4 changes. … …[1]

35 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 13 Fig. 13.1 shows the structure of the human eye in horizontal section. ciliary muscle lens suspensory ligaments Fig. 13.1 (a) On Fig. 13.1, label (i) the iris, [1] (ii) the retina. [1] (b) When the eye changes focus from a near to a distant object, state what changes occur in (i) the lens, …[1] (ii) the ciliary muscle, …[1] (iii) the suspensory ligaments. …[1] (c) Suggest what effect it would have on a person’s vision if the ciliary muscle became weakened. … …[1]

36 0654/32/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 Group The Periodic Table of Elements 1 H hydrogen 1 2 He helium 4 I II III IV V VI VII VIII 3 Li lithium 7 4 Be beryllium 9 atomic number atomic symbol Key name relative atomic mass 11 Na sodium 23 12 Mg magnesium 24 19 K potassium 39 20 Ca calcium 40 37 Rb rubidium 85 38 Sr strontium 88 55 Cs caesium 133 56 Ba barium 137 87 Fr francium – 88 Ra radium – 5 B boron 11 13 Al aluminium 27 31 Ga gallium 70 49 In indium 115 81 Tl thallium 204 6 C carbon 12 14 Si silicon 28 32 Ge germanium 73 50 Sn tin 119 82 Pb lead 207 22 Ti titanium 48 40 Zr zirconium 91 72 Hf hafnium 178 104 Rf rutherfordium – 23 V vanadium 51 41 Nb niobium 93 73 Ta tantalum 181 105 Db dubnium – 24 Cr chromium 52 42 Mo molybdenum 96 74 W tungsten 184 106 Sg seaborgium – 25 Mn manganese 55 43 Tc technetium – 75 Re rhenium 186 107 Bh bohrium – 26 Fe iron 56 44 Ru ruthenium 101 76 Os osmium 190 108 Hs hassium – 27 Co cobalt 59 45 Rh rhodium 103 77 Ir iridium 192 109 Mt meitnerium – 28 Ni nickel 59 46 Pd palladium 106 78 Pt platinum 195 110 Ds darmstadtium – 29 Cu copper 64 47 Ag silver 108 79 Au gold 197 111 Rg roentgenium – 30 Zn zinc 65 48 Cd cadmium 112 80 Hg mercury 201 112 Cn copernicium – 114 Fl flerovium – 116 Lv livermorium – 7 N nitrogen 14 15 P phosphorus 31 33 As arsenic 75 51 Sb antimony 122 83 Bi bismuth 209 8 O oxygen 16 16 S sulfur 32 34 Se selenium 79 52 Te tellurium 128 84 Po polonium – 9 F fluorine 19 17 Cl chlorine 35.5 35 Br bromine 80 53 I iodine 127 85 At astatine – 10 Ne neon 20 18 Ar argon 40 36 Kr krypton 84 54 Xe xenon 131 86 Rn radon – 21 Sc scandium 45 39 Y yttrium 89 57–71 lanthanoids 89–103 actinoids 57 La lanthanum 139 89 Ac lanthanoids actinoids The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.) actinium – 58 Ce cerium 140 90 Th thorium 232 59 Pr praseodymium 141 91 Pa protactinium 231 60 Nd neodymium 144 92 U uranium 238 61 Pm promethium – 93 Np neptunium – 62 Sm samarium 150 94 Pu plutonium – 63 Eu europium 152 95 Am americium – 64 Gd gadolinium 157 96 Cm curium – 65 Tb terbium 159 97 Bk berkelium – 66 Dy dysprosium 163 98 Cf californium – 67 Ho holmium 165 99 Es einsteinium – 68 Er erbium 167 100 Fm fermium – 69 Tm thulium 169 101 Md mendelevium – 70 Yb ytterbium 173 102 No nobelium – 71 Lu lutetium 175 103 Lr lawrencium – To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. This document consists of 10 printed pages. © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/32 Paper 3 Theory (Extended) October/November 2016 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 120 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2016 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 32 © UCLES 2016 Question Answer Marks 1(a) diffusion / movement, of water ; from high to low water potential ; through a partially permeable membrane ; 3 1(b) elongated / AW ; large surface area ; thin / permeable, (cell) wall ; max 2 1(c)(i) loses water / decrease in volume / becomes plasmolysed ; because seawater has a lower water potential ; 2 1(c)(ii) wilt ; because receive less water from roots ; 2 1(d)(i) carbon dioxide ; 1 1(d)(ii) chlorophyll ; 1 Total: 11 Question Answer Marks 2(a)(i) outer electron shell is complete ; do not need to, gain / lose / share electrons ; 2 2(a)(ii) highly reactive elements exist between magnesium and argon / examples given e.g. chlorine ; 1 2(b)(i) 1.2 (mol / dm3) ; use of the proportionality between variables ; 2

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 32 © UCLES 2016 Question Answer Marks 2(b)(ii) idea that there are more acid particles per volume ; at higher concentration the frequency of collision increases ; 2 Total: 7 Question Answer Marks 3(a) weight ; 1 3(b) the extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied to it ; 1 3(c)(i) 38 m / s ; 1 3(c)(ii) acceleration = change of speed/time or working ; = 38 / 4 = 9.5 m / s2 ; 2 3(c)(iii) area under graph or working ; ½ × 4 × 38 + ½ × 1 × 38 = 95 m ; 2 3(c)(iv) KE = ½ mv2 or working ; = ½ × 90 × 38 × 38 = 64 980 J ; 2 3(d) man starts moving in opposite direction ; 1 Total: 10

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 32 © UCLES 2016 Question Answer Marks 4(a) X = bronchus ; Y = trachea ; 2 4(b) less oxygen ; more carbon dioxide ; more water vapour ; warmer ; max 3 4(c)(i) 61 – 19 = 42 minutes ; 1 4(c)(ii) similar pattern curve rising from the existing line at 50 mins ; rises to higher peak ; 2 4(c)(iii) combines with haemoglobin ; reduces oxygen carrying capacity of the blood ; less respiration / less energy released (for muscle contraction) ; max 2 Total: 10 Question Answer Marks 5(a) aluminium ; iron ; chlorine / hydrogen ; 3 5(b) decomposition ; endothermic ; 2 5(c)(i) electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged / atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons ; calcium atom loses two electrons / calcium ion contains two more protons than electrons ; oxygen atom gains two electrons / oxide ion contains two fewer protons than electrons ; 3

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 32 © UCLES 2016 Question Answer Marks 5(c)(ii) reference to charge balance ; 1 5(d) STEP 1 (1000 × 0.95) = 950 (g) ; STEP 2 moles calcium carbonate (950 ÷ 100) = 9.5 moles calcium oxide = 9.5 ; STEP 3 (40 + 16) = 56 ; STEP 4 (56 × 9.5) = 532 (g) ; 4 Total: 13 Question Answer Marks 6(a) copper or aluminium no mark good heat conductor ; plastic or wood no mark good insulator ; 2 6(b) particles closer together in liquid ; stronger forces in liquid ; particles move slower in liquid ; 3 6(c) energy = mass × SHC × change in temperature / E=mC∆T or working = 0.8 × 4200 × 70 ; change in temperature = 90 – 20 = 70 (°C) ; = 235 200 (J) ; 3 Total: 8

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 32 © UCLES 2016 Question Answer Marks 7(a)(i) homozygous ; 1 7(a)(ii) heterozygous ; 1 7(a)(iii) discontinuous (variation) ; 1 7(b)(i) 0.75 / 75% ; 1 7(b)(ii) 0.50 / 50% ; 1 7(c) mutation ; spontaneous / random, change OR caused by, (named) ionising radiation / mutagens ; 2 Total: 7 Question Answer Marks 8(a) shared pair of electrons shown ; correct number of non-bonding electrons shown ; 2 8(b) chloride ions move to the anode / ref to opposite charge attraction ; chloride ions are discharged / lose one electron ; chlorine atoms bond to form molecules ; 3 8(c)(i) C no change in appearance / solution becomes (pale) green ; D solution becomes brown ; 2 8(c)(ii) C chlorine less reactive than fluorine (so no reaction) ; D chlorine more reactive than iodine (so displaces it) ; 2 Total: 9

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 32 © UCLES 2016 Question Answer Marks 9(a) temperature at which all of a liquid boils and turns into a gas / vapour ; 1 9(b)(i) between X rays and visible light ; 1 9(b)(ii) 300 000 / 3 × 105 km / s ; 1 9(b)(iii) α / β / γ / X-rays ; 1 9(c) P1V1 = P2V2 or working ; V2 = 5 × 104 × 330 / 105 = 165 cm3 ; 2 9(d)(i) principal focus correctly identified ; 1 9(d)(ii) focal length correctly shown ; 1 Total: 8 Question Answer Marks 10(a) area 2, because has lowest pH ; 1 10(b) area has, factories / traffic / burning of fossil fuels ; 1 10(c) acidifies soil / rivers / lakes ; “burns” plant leaves ; kills fish ; erodes / corrodes, buildings ; AVP ; max 2

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 32 © UCLES 2016 Question Answer Marks 10(d) any two of: taxation of (use of) fossil fuels / fining excessive emissions ; encourage use of public transport ; use (named) alternative energy sources ; catalytic converters ; flue gas desulfurisation ; AVP ;; max 2 Total: 6 Question Answer Marks 11(a)(i) petroleum / crude oil ; 1 11(a)(ii) R at the top take-off point ; 1 11(a)(iii) diesel molecules are on average the largest ; molecules have largest intermolecular forces ; so more thermal energy required to separate molecules ; max 2 11(a)(iv) carbon dioxide and water vapour ; 1 11(b) butane X is saturated because it does not react with bromine / alkanes do not react quickly with bromine ; relates but – to four carbon atoms / prop – to three carbon atoms ; 2 11(c)(i) CH4 (g) + H2O (g) → CO (g) + 3 H2 (g) ;;; 3 11(c)(ii) nitrogen + hydrogen → ammonia ; 1 Total: 11

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 32 © UCLES 2016 Question Answer Marks 12(a)(i) 0.13 A ; 1 12(a)(ii) R = V / I or working ; = 12 / 0.13 = 92 / 92.3 ; Ω ; 3 12(a)(iii) as temperature increases current increases ; 1 12(a)(iv) as temperature increases resistance decreases ; 1 12(b)(i) X = slip ring Y = coil Z = magnet ;; 2 12(b)(ii) sine curve ; approx. equal wavelengths and amplitudes ; 2 12(c)(i) f = v / λ or working ; = 330 / 0.7 = 471 Hz ; 2 12(c)(ii) one wavelength correctly shown ; 1 12(c)(iii) compressions / rarefactions, closer together ; 1 Total: 14

Page 10 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0654 32 © UCLES 2016 Question Answer Marks 13(a)(i) iris correctly labelled ; 1 13(a)(ii) retina correctly labelled ; 1 13(b)(i) becomes thinner / under tension ; 1 13(b)(ii) relaxes ; 1 13(b)(iii) under tension / taut / stretched ; 1 13(c) less able to focus on near objects ; 1 Total: 6