Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2016 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 28 printed pages. DC (ST/SG) 109968/6 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 8 8 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 3 * CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/21 Paper 2 (Core) May/June 2016 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 28. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 1 Fig. 1.1 shows a house. wind turbine solar panels Fig. 1.1 (a) In the garden of the house there is a wind turbine. The turbine generates electricity. State the main energy transformation in the wind turbine. … energy to … energy. [1] (b) There are solar panels on the roof of the house. Infra-red radiation from the Sun heats up water in the panels. Suggest what colour the panels should be painted. Explain your answer. colour … explanation … … [2] (c) The heated water is stored in a copper tank. During the night, the water cools as thermal energy passes from the water, through the copper, to the air surrounding the tank. State the name of this energy transfer process. …[1]

3 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (d) Wind energy and energy from the Sun are both examples of renewable energy resources. State two other renewable energy resources. 1 … 2 … [2] (e) State one disadvantage of using solar energy to heat water. …[1] (f) Infra-red radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Place infra-red in the correct position in the incomplete electromagnetic spectrum below. X-rays visible light microwaves [1] (g) There is a lake near the house. The wind blowing across the lake creates waves on the surface of the water. One of these waves is represented in Fig. 1.2. Fig. 1.2 On Fig. 1.2, draw a double headed arrow ( ) to indicate (i) the amplitude, labelled A, [1] (ii) one wavelength, labelled W. [1]

4 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 (h) The wind turbine is noisy. The owner of the house fits double-glazing to the windows. Fig. 1.3 shows the sound waves from the wind turbine measured outside and inside the house. air pressure outside time air pressure inside time Fig. 1.3 Circle two phrases that describe the sound waves from the turbine inside the house compared with those outside the house. higher volume lower volume same volume higher pitch lower pitch same pitch [2]

5 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows a flower as seen from the side and the same flower in a horizontal section taken along the line X–X. X X side view of flower horizontal section of flower Fig. 2.1 (i) On the horizontal section, label a sepal and a stamen. [2] (ii) State how it will affect the plant if all the stamens are removed from the flower. … …[1] (iii) Name the part of the flower that will develop into a seed. …[1]

6 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 (b) In an experiment, a student incubates seeds at different temperatures on dishes containing cotton wool. After one week, the student records the percentage of seeds that germinate. Fig. 2.2 shows the results. 100 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 % of seeds germinating temperature / °C Fig. 2.2 (i) State the optimum temperature for the germination of these seeds. … °C [1] (ii) State two conditions that the student would need to provide to ensure that the seeds could germinate when the temperature is right. 1 … 2 … [2] (iii) Suggest why very few seeds germinate at 5 °C, … … at 45 °C. … … [2] (iv) Even in perfect environmental conditions for germination, some seeds will not germinate. Suggest a possible reason why. … …[1]

7 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 3.

8 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 3 (a) In many countries, water for drinking is taken from rivers and lakes. The water contains insoluble material and microorganisms. It is treated, before being sent to homes. (i) Name the process that is used to remove insoluble materials. …[1] (ii) Microorganisms are destroyed by treating the water with chlorine. Suggest the risk to humans if microorganisms are not destroyed before water is sent into homes. … …[1] (b) Fig. 3.1 shows apparatus used to produce chlorine gas. + – d.c. power supply carbon anode copper chloride solution chlorine gas carbon cathode Fig. 3.1 Chlorine gas is produced when an electric current passes through a solution of copper chloride. (i) Name the process shown in Fig. 3.1. …[1]

9 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (ii) Describe a safe chemical test for chlorine and give the positive result. test … result … … [2] (iii) Describe how the colour of the cathode changes during the process shown in Fig. 3.1. … …[1] (iv) State why there is a change in the appearance of the cathode in Fig. 3.1. …[1] (c) Fig. 3.2 shows chlorine gas being bubbled through a colourless solution of sodium bromide. The solution in the test-tube becomes orange. chlorine gas sodium bromide solution Fig. 3.2 (i) Name the orange substance that is produced. …[1] (ii) Explain why chlorine produces the orange substance when it reacts with sodium bromide. … …[1]

10 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a graph of the motion of a truck over 40 seconds. 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 A B C D E time / s m / s speed Fig. 4.1 (i) Describe the motion of the truck between A and B. …[1] (ii) Describe the motion of the truck between D and E. …[1] (iii) State the speed of the truck at 25 seconds. … m / s [1] (iv) At what point on the graph does the truck stop moving? … [1] (v) Calculate the distance travelled by the truck between C and D. Show your working. distance = … m [2]

11 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (b) The truck enters a town. The truck brakes to slow down. (i) On Fig. 4.2, draw one arrow to show the direction of a force acting to slow down the truck. Label the arrow to describe the force acting. [2] direction of movement Fig. 4.2 (ii) When the truck slows down it loses kinetic energy. Suggest what happens to most of this kinetic energy. …[1]

12 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 5 Fig. 5.1 shows part of the carbon cycle. coal, oil and gas gradual production of fossil fuels carbon dioxide in atmosphere X Y Fig. 5.1 (a) Name the processes labelled X and Y. X … Y … [2] (b) Describe and explain the effect on the carbon cycle of (i) deforestation, … … … …[3] (ii) using coal in power stations. … …[1]

13 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (c) (i) State how energy is gained by the ecosystem. … …[1] (ii) State how energy is lost from the ecosystem. … …[1]

14 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 6 (a) (i) The elements in the Periodic Table are placed in order of increasing proton number. Name the part of an atom that contains protons. …[1] (ii) State two ways in which an electron differs from a proton. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (b) Chlorine, Cl, is in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Potassium combines with chlorine in an exothermic reaction to form crystals of potassium chloride. (i) State the meaning of the word exothermic. … …[1] (ii) Potassium, K, is in Group I of the Periodic Table. Describe what happens when a potassium atom changes into a potassium ion. Include the electrical charge of the potassium ion in your answer. … … … …[3]

15 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (c) The graph in Fig. 6.1 shows the maximum mass of potassium chloride that dissolves in 100 cm3 of water at different temperatures. 50 40 30 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 temperature / °C mass of potassium chloride that dissolves in 100 cm3 water / g Fig. 6.1 (i) Describe the trend shown in Fig. 6.1. … …[1] (ii) Use the graph to estimate the mass of potassium chloride that dissolves in 100 cm3 of water at 70 °C. mass = … g [1] (iii) Potassium chloride is used to provide potassium (K) in NPK fertilisers. Name the other two important elements that NPK fertiliser provides. 1 … 2 … [1] (iv) Explain why it is important to crops that potassium chloride is soluble in water. … …[1]

16 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 7 (a) Below is a list of materials. aluminium copper glass iron plastic From the list choose one material to match each description below. Each material can be used once, more than once or not at all. • It can be charged by rubbing with a cloth. … • It can be used to make a magnet. … • It can be used to make a lens. … • It is used as the conductor in electric cables. … • It is a good conductor of heat. … • It is used as an electrical insulator around electric cables. … [3] (b) One nuclide of iron is represented in nuclide notation as 54 26Fe. For one neutral atom of 54 26Fe, state (i) its nucleon number, … [1] (ii) the number of neutrons, … [1] (iii) the number of electrons. … [1] (c) Iron has a melting point of 1538 °C. State the meaning of the term melting point. … …[1]

17 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (d) Iron is an example of a solid at room temperature. The three diagrams A, B and C, in Fig. 7.1, show the different arrangements of particles in the three states of matter. A B C Fig. 7.1 Use the correct letter A, B or C from Fig. 7.1 to fill in the blank and complete the statement to explain your choice. Diagram … shows solid iron because the particles … …[1] (e) A piece of iron has a mass of 39 g and a volume of 4.9 cm3. Calculate the density of the piece of iron. State the formula you use, show your working and state the unit of your answer. formula working density = … unit = … [3]

18 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 8 A balanced diet should contain some fat. (a) (i) State one function of fat in the body. …[1] (ii) List the six other components of a balanced diet. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … [6] (b) Fig. 8.1 shows the structure of the human alimentary canal and associated organs. Fig. 8.1 (i) On Fig. 8.1 label, with a line and the letter G, a gland that secretes an enzyme for fat digestion. [1] (ii) Name this enzyme. …[1] (iii) Name the part of the alimentary canal in which most of the products of fat digestion are absorbed. …[1]

19 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 9 Ancient civilisations made use of iron which had fallen to Earth in meteorites. These meteorites contained a mixture of iron and nickel. meteorite made of a mixture of iron and nickel ancient metal tools (a) (i) State the general term for a mixture of metals. …[1] (ii) Suggest one advantage of the metal from the meteorite for tool-making compared to pure iron. … …[1] (iii) Name the collection of metals in the Periodic Table that contain both iron and nickel. …[1] (iv) State two properties that are typical of the collection of metals in (a)(iii) that are not shared by sodium. 1 … 2 … [2]

20 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 (b) In industry, iron is produced when iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. In this reaction, the carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide. (i) Construct the word equation for this reaction. + + [2] (ii) State and explain which of the substances in this reaction is reduced. substance reduced … explanation … …[1]

21 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (c) Mild steel contains mainly iron and easily rusts. Fig. 9.1 shows an experiment to investigate the rusting of nails made of mild steel. A B C dry air cotton wool drying agent test-tube filled with water containing no dissolved air painted nail water Fig. 9.1 State and explain whether or not each nail in tubes A, B and C rusts. tube A … explanation … … tube B … explanation … … tube C … explanation … … [3]

22 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 10 (a) A school has a corner in a corridor where the students are likely to collide. To avoid collisions, a plane mirror is placed across the corner. This is shown in Fig. 10.1. Y X corridor science laboratory plane mirror normal Fig. 10.1 Student X is able to see student Y around the corner by using the mirror. (i) On Fig. 10.1, label the angle of incidence of the ray of light with an i. [1] (ii) The angle of incidence is 30°. State the value of the angle of reflection. … ° [1] (iii) At the corner, student X sees her own image in the mirror. Select two words or phrases from the list below that describe her image correctly. larger than object real same size as object smaller than object upright upside down virtual 1 … 2 … [1]

23 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (b) In the school science laboratory, a student builds an electric circuit. Fig. 10.2 shows a circuit diagram for the circuit. A V 12 1 R Fig. 10.2 (i) Name the instrument represented by the symbol: A …[1] (ii) The reading on instrument A is 0.30 A and on instrument V is 6 V. Calculate the value of resistance R. State any formula you use and show your working. formula working resistance = … Ω [3] (iii) One of the resistors is replaced by a variable resistor. Draw the symbol for a variable resistor. [1]

24 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 11 Mice usually have brown fur, but some mice have white fur due to the presence of recessive alleles for white. (a) Using F for the dominant alleles and f for the recessive alleles, state all the possible genotypes of (i) a brown mouse, …[1] (ii) a white mouse. …[1] (b) The length of the fur in mice is also genetically determined. Short fur is dominant to long fur. (i) Complete the genetic diagram to show the result of crossing two heterozygous mice with short fur. Include both genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring and state the ratio of the phenotypes. parents phenotypes short fur short fur genotypes Hh Hh gametes … … … … offspring male gametes … … female gametes … … … … … … … … … … ratio of phenotypes … : … [4] (ii) Explain why the offspring of two mice with long fur will always have long fur. … … …[2]

25 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 12 Alkanes and alkenes are two families of compounds that contain carbon. (a) Both alkanes and alkenes produce carbon dioxide when they burn in air. (i) Name one other substance that may be produced when alkanes and alkenes burn. …[1] (ii) Name a liquid mixture, containing mainly alkanes, that is used as fuel for cars. …[1] (iii) Name the process that is used in the chemical industry to convert alkanes into alkenes. …[1] (b) Fig. 12.1 shows diagrams to represent the molecules of the different gaseous carbon compounds contained in three gas cylinders J, K and L. - . / key a carbon atom an oxygen atom a hydrogen atom Fig. 12.1 (i) State and explain which cylinder contains a gas that reacts with limewater to form a white precipitate. container … explanation … …[1] (ii) State and explain which cylinder contains molecules of ethane. container … explanation … …[1]

26 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 (c) Ethene molecules can be made to react with each other when heated at high pressure. When they react under these conditions they form a polymer. (i) Describe what happens to the ethene molecules when they form a polymer. … …[1] (ii) Name the substance that is produced when ethene forms a polymer. …[1] (d) Sodium reacts with substances in the air. A piece of sodium is protected by placing it in a liquid. State and explain in which bottle, M or N, shown in Fig. 12.2, the sodium is placed. M liquid paraffin made of alkane molecules N water Fig. 12.2 bottle … explanation … … [2]

27 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 13 Fig. 13.1 shows part of a transverse section of a leaf, as seen through a microscope. Fig. 13.1 In this leaf, name (a) a tissue where photosynthesis occurs, …[1] (b) two tissues specialised for transport, 1 … 2 … [2] (c) a place where water loss occurs from the leaf. …[1]

28 0654/21/M/J/16 © UCLES 2016 Group The Periodic Table of Elements 1 H hydrogen 1 2 He helium 4 I II III IV V VI VII VIII 3 Li lithium 7 4 Be beryllium 9 atomic number atomic symbol Key name relative atomic mass 11 Na sodium 23 12 Mg magnesium 24 19 K potassium 39 20 Ca calcium 40 37 Rb rubidium 85 38 Sr strontium 88 55 Cs caesium 133 56 Ba barium 137 87 Fr francium – 88 Ra radium – 5 B boron 11 13 Al aluminium 27 31 Ga gallium 70 49 In indium 115 81 Tl thallium 204 6 C carbon 12 14 Si silicon 28 32 Ge germanium 73 50 Sn tin 117 82 Pb lead 207 22 Ti titanium 48 40 Zr zirconium 91 72 Hf hafnium 178 104 Rf rutherfordium – 23 V vanadium 51 41 Nb niobium 93 73 Ta tantalum 181 105 Db dubnium – 24 Cr chromium 52 42 Mo molybdenum 96 74 W tungsten 184 106 Sg seaborgium – 25 Mn manganese 55 43 Tc technetium – 75 Re rhenium 186 107 Bh bohrium – 26 Fe iron 56 44 Ru ruthenium 101 76 Os osmium 190 108 Hs hassium – 27 Co cobalt 59 45 Rh rhodium 103 77 Ir iridium 192 109 Mt meitnerium – 28 Ni nickel 59 46 Pd palladium 106 78 Pt platinum 195 110 Ds darmstadtium – 29 Cu copper 64 47 Ag silver 108 79 Au gold 197 111 Rg roentgenium – 30 Zn zinc 65 48 Cd cadmium 112 80 Hg mercury 201 112 Cr copernicium – 114 Fl flerovium – 116 Lv livermorium – 7 N nitrogen 14 15 P phosphorus 31 33 As arsenic 75 51 Sb antimony 122 83 Bi bismuth 209 8 O oxygen 16 16 S sulfur 32 34 Se selenium 79 52 Te tellurium 128 84 Po polonium – 9 F fluorine 19 17 Cl chlorine 35.5 35 Br bromine 80 53 I iodine 127 85 At astatine – 10 Ne neon 20 18 Ar argon 40 36 Kr krypton 84 54 Xe xenon 131 86 Rn radon – 21 Sc scandium 45 39 Y yttrium 89 57–71 lanthanoids 89–103 actinoids 57 La lanthanum 139 89 Ac lanthanoids actinoids The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.) actinium – 58 Ce cerium 140 90 Th thorium 232 59 Pr praseodymium 141 91 Pa protactinium 231 60 Nd neodymium 144 92 U uranium 238 61 Pm promethium – 93 Np neptunium – 62 Sm samarium 150 94 Pu plutonium – 63 Eu europium 152 95 Am americium – 64 Gd gadolinium 157 96 Cm curium – 65 Tb terbium 159 97 Bk berkelium – 66 Dy dysprosium 163 98 Cf californium – 67 Ho holmium 165 99 Es einsteinium – 68 Er erbium 167 100 Fm fermium – 69 Tm thulium 169 101 Md mendelevium – 70 Yb ytterbium 173 102 No nobelium – 71 Lu lutetium 175 103 Lr lawrencium – To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. This document consists of 7 printed pages. © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/21 Paper 2 Core Theory May/June 2016 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 120 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2016 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2016 0654 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2016 1 (a) kinetic to electrical ; [1] (b) black ; black surfaces absorb more (infra-red) radiation ; [2] (c) conduction ; [1] (d) tidal ; wave ; geothermal ; HEP ; biomass ; [max 2] (e) depends on amount of sunlight / will not work at night ; [1] (f) correctly positioned between visible light and microwaves ; [1] (g) (i) amplitude correctly indicated ; [1] (ii) wavelength correctly indicated ; [1] (h) lower volume ; same pitch ; [2] [Total: 12] 2 (a) (i) sepal correctly labelled ; stamen correctly labelled ; [2] (ii) unable to pollinate (other flowers) ; [1] (iii) ovule ; [1] (b) (i) 31–33 ; [1] (ii) water ; oxygen ; [2] (iii) enzyme / chemical reactions too slow ; enzymes don’t work at high temperatures / denatured ; [2] (iv) seeds are dead / damaged / diseased / too young / too old ; [1] [Total: 10]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2016 0654 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2016 3 (a) (i) filtration / passed through a filter ; [1] (ii) reference to risk of disease ; [1] (b) (i) electrolysis ; [1] (ii) (damp) litmus / (Universal) indicator paper ; bleached / changes colour to white ; [2] (iii) becomes pink / brown / copper coloured (from black) ; [1] (iv) copper (metal) deposited ; [1] (c) (i) bromine ; [1] (ii) chlorine is more reactive than bromine ; [1] [Total: 9] 4 (a) (i) constant speed ; [1] (ii) (constant) deceleration ; [1] (iii) 20 (m / s) ; [1] (iv) E or at 40 s ; [1] (v) (distance =) speed × time or 20 × 10; = 200 (m) ; [2] (b) (i) one arrow on windscreen / wheel going in opposite direction to direction of motion ; labelled air resistance / breaking force / friction ; [2] (ii) changed to thermal energy / sound ; [1] [Total: 9] 5 (a) X = (plant) respiration ; Y = decay / decomposition / respiration ; [2] (b) (i) increased CO2 in atmosphere ; CO2 used in photosynthesis ; (because) less photosynthesis / less CO2 absorbed ; combustion / decay of timber ; [max 3] (ii) increased, because combustion produces CO2 ; [1]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2016 0654 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2016 (c) (i) from the Sun / as light ; [1] (ii) as heat ; [1] [Total: 8] 6 (a) (i) nucleus ; [1] (ii) proton positive(ly charged) and electron negative(ly charged) ; proton has greater mass ; [2] (b) (i) thermal (heat) energy released during a reaction / reaction that caused an increase in temperature ; [1] (ii) reference to electron loss (from atom) ; extra detail e.g. loss of one / the outer electron / to leave filled outer shell ; ion is positively charged ; [3] (c) (i) the higher the temperature the greater mass of solid dissolves / the higher the temperature the greater the solubility ; [1] (ii) 49 ± 1 (g) ; [1] (iii) phosphorus and nitrogen ; [1] (iv) reference to uptake by roots only of dissolved minerals / owtte ; [1] [Total: 11] 7 (a) 1. plastic or glass 2. iron 3. glass or plastic 4. copper / aluminium 5. copper / aluminium / iron 6. plastic 6 correct = 3 marks, 4 or 5 correct = 2 marks, 1, 2 or 3 correct = 1 mark ;;; [3] (b) (i) 54 ; [1] (ii) 28 ; [1] (iii) 26 ; [1] (c) the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid ; [1] (d) (A no mark) because particles are in a regular arrangement ; [1]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2016 0654 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2016 (e) density = mass / volume or 39 / 4.9 ; = 7.96 ; g / cm3 ; [3] [Total: 11] 8 (a) (i) energy storage / insulation ; [1] (ii) protein; carbohydrate ; vitamins ; mineral salts / ions ; water ; fibre / roughage ; [6] (b) (i) pancreas labelled on Fig. 8.1 ; [1] (ii) lipase ; [1] (iii) small intestine ; [1] [Total: 10] 9 (a) (i) alloys ; [1] (ii) stronger / harder / less malleable / resists rusting ; [1] (iii) transition (metals / series) ; [1] (iv) elements or their compounds can behave as catalysts ; compounds have colours other than white ; [2] (b) (i) iron oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide [LHS and RHS] ;; [2] (ii) (iron oxide) oxygen removed ; (allow fully correct discussion of electron gain) [1] (c) credit for stating anywhere that rust requires presence of air / oxygen and water together; (A no rusting) water not present ; (B no rusting) air / oxygen not present ; (C no rusting) barrier prevents air and water from reacting with the steel ; [max 3] [Total: 11]

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Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2016 0654 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2016 (ii) (K) ethane molecules have the formula C2H6 / ethane molecules contain eight atoms / ethane is a saturated hydrocarbon containing two carbons / other correct ; [1] (c) (i) join together into chains / much larger molecules ; [1] (ii) poly(ethene) ; (allow polyethene and polythene) [1] (d) (M) reference to low reactivity of alkanes / sodium doesn’t react with alkanes ; reference to reaction between water and sodium ; [2] [Total: 9] 13 (a) palisade / mesophyll ; [1] (b) xylem ; phloem ; [2] (c) stomata ; [1] [Total: 4]