Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2014 May/June Paper 3 · Variant 3

This document consists of 32 printed pages. IB14 06_0654_33/5RP © UCLES 2014 [Turn over *9737133185* Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/33 Paper 3 (Extended) May/June 2014 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 32. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 1 (a) Wind farms are areas of land containing many wind turbines. Four thousand wind turbines can produce the same power as one coal-fired power station. (i) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using wind, rather than coal, to generate electrical power. advantage disadvantage [1] (ii) On a particular day, the power input to a wind turbine is 1500 kW. The turbine produces 900 kW of electrical power. Calculate the efficiency of the wind turbine. State any formula that you use and show your working. State your answer as a percentage. formula working % [2]

3 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) Nuclear power stations generate electricity using energy released by the nuclear fission of atoms. (i) Describe the process that transforms this energy into electrical energy. [3] (ii) Energy is released in the Sun by a different nuclear process. Name this process. [1] (c) A wind farm generates 33 MW of electrical power. The wind farm is connected to a transmission line at a potential difference of 132 kV. Calculate the current produced by the wind farm. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working A [2]

4 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 (d) Fig. 1.1 shows how the electricity cables carrying electricity from a wind farm are attached to pylons. The cables hang loosely in hot weather. Fig. 1.1 Explain why the cables must hang loosely in hot weather. [2] (e) A scientist investigates six different wires used in making these cables. He wants to determine the resistance of each piece of wire. wire metal composition length / m cross-sectional area / cm2 A copper 10 0.1 B nichrome 10 0.1 C copper 20 0.1 D nichrome 20 0.1 E copper 10 0.2 F nichrome 20 0.2 (i) Which wire, A or E, will have the greater resistance? Explain your answer. wire because [1]

5 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (ii) Wire B has a greater resistance than wire A. Which wire, B, C, D, E or F, has the greatest resistance? Explain your answer. wire explanation [2] (iii) The resistance of wire B is 0.15 Ω. Calculate the current passing through the wire when a voltage of 12 V is applied across it. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working A [2]

6 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows some of the cells that line the trachea. Y X Fig. 2.1 (i) Name the structures labelled X. [1] (ii) Explain how these structures, and the cells labelled Y, protect the gas exchange system from pathogens. [3] (b) Tobacco smoke can have a damaging effect on the working of the cells in Fig. 2.1. (i) Name a component of tobacco smoke that damages these cells. [1] (ii) Describe how this component of tobacco smoke affects the structures labelled X and the cells labelled Y. structures labelled X cells labelled Y [2]

7 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 3.

8 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 3 (a) Dutch metal is an alloy of copper and zinc that has been formed into very thin sheets. When a small piece of Dutch metal is dropped into a container filled with chlorine, it bursts into flame and two compounds are produced as shown in Fig. 3.1. Dutch metal container filled with chlorine flame mixture of products Fig. 3.1 (i) State the meaning of the term alloy. [1] (ii) State the physical property of metals that allows them to be formed into very thin sheets. [1] (iii) Suggest the names of the two compounds formed when Dutch metal reacts with chlorine. 1 2 [1]

9 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) Sodium burns in oxygen gas to produce a white solid that contains the ionic compound, sodium oxide. Fig. 3.2 shows a sodium atom and an oxygen atom. Na O Fig. 3.2 Predict and explain, in terms of changes in electronic structure, the chemical formula of sodium oxide. You may wish to draw diagrams to help you to answer this question. [3] (c) Phosphorus is a non-metallic element containing molecules that have the formula P4. The chemical formula of phosphorus oxide shows four phosphorus atoms bonded with ten oxygen atoms. Construct a balanced symbolic equation for the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen gas to form phosphorus oxide. [3]

10 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 4 Fig. 4.1 shows a river with nearby agricultural land. Large amounts of artificial fertiliser have been sprayed onto the agricultural land. mountains agricultural land river sea Fig. 4.1 (a) Name a mineral ion that would be present in the fertiliser. [1] (b) Describe how mineral ions in the fertiliser might reach the river. [1] (c) When large amounts of mineral ions are added to a river a sequence of effects on the living organisms can take place. Explain the effects on the following organisms (i) algae (photosynthesising microorganisms), [1] (ii) submerged aquatic plants, [2]

11 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (iii) bacteria, [2] (iv) fish. [1] (d) If the farmer uses artificial fertiliser, suggest two ways in which the effect of the fertiliser on the river could be reduced. 1 2 [2]

12 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 5 (a) Two bar magnets A and B are shown in Fig. 5.1. Magnet A is moved towards magnet B. N S N S wooden stand string magnet B magnet A direction of movement Fig. 5.1 (i) Describe and explain what happens to magnet B as magnet A is moved towards it. [1] (ii) Magnet A is replaced by a piece of unmagnetised iron C. Predict what happens as the unmagnetised iron C is moved towards B. Explain your prediction. [2]

13 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) Fig. 5.2 shows two plastic balls hanging from threads. Both balls are electrically charged. ball Y ball X wooden stand Fig. 5.2 Ball Y is negatively charged. (i) State the charge on ball X. Give a reason for your answer. [1] (ii) Describe and explain how ball Y has been given a negative charge. [2] (iii) There is an electric field between ball X and ball Y. State what happens to an electrical charge placed in this field. [1]

14 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 (c) The mass of ball X is 3.97 g (3.97 × 10–3 kg). The volume of ball X is 4.17 cm3 (4.17 × 10–6 m3). Calculate the density of the plastic used to make ball X. State the formula that you use and show your working. State the units of your answer. formula working density = unit = [3]

15 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 6.

16 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows diagrams P, Q and R, of three molecules containing carbon atoms. P Q R Fig. 6.1 (i) Using the Periodic Table on page 32, state the number of electrons in one atom of carbon. Explain how you obtained your answer. number of electrons explanation [2] (ii) State and explain which diagram, P, Q or R, represents one molecule of ethane. diagram explanation [2] (iii) Name the type of chemical bonding found in all of the compounds shown in Fig. 6.1. Give a reason for your answer. type of bonding reason [2]

17 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) Methane hydrate is a solid mixture in which methane molecules are contained inside ice crystals. Large amounts of methane hydrate exist under the oceans and in the cold polar regions of the Earth. Table 6.1 shows the relative numbers of moles of methane and water in a typical sample of methane hydrate. Table 6.1 substance chemical formula relative number of moles methane CH4 1.00 water (ice) H2O 5.75 (i) The mass of 1.00 moles of methane is 16.0 g. Calculate the mass of 5.75 moles of water. Show your working. [2] (ii) Calculate the mass of methane hydrate that contains 1.00 moles of methane. [1] (iii) When the temperature of methane hydrate increases, the ice melts and releases the methane. Some scientists think that methane hydrate might have a serious effect on global warming. Suggest how the breakdown of methane hydrate might affect global warming. [2]

18 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 7 An electric motor inflates a car tyre by pumping air into it. (a) Explain, in terms of particles, how the air causes the tyre to inflate. [3] (b) Fig. 7.1 shows a simple electric motor. N S coil split ring commutator brushes electric current magnetic field Fig. 7.1 Explain why the coil turns when an electric current passes through it. [4]

19 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 8.

20 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 8 After its flowers have been pollinated, a sweetcorn (maize) plant produces a corncob as shown in Fig. 8.1. X Y purple grain yellow grain Fig. 8.1 Each of the individual grains on the corncob results from the fertilisation of a different egg cell in the female parent. The pollen all came from the same (male) parent. Some of the grains are purple (dark) in colour and others yellow (light) in colour. (a) The variation in grain colour is an example of discontinuous variation. Explain why this variation is described as discontinuous. [2] (b) (i) In the row of grains labelled X to Y, count the number of purple (dark) grains and the number of yellow (light) grains. number of purple (dark) grains number of yellow (light) grains [1] (ii) State, to the nearest whole number, the ratio of purple grains to yellow grains. [1] (c) The allele for purple colour (G) is dominant and the allele for yellow colour (g) is recessive. (i) What would be the colour of a sweetcorn grain with the genotype Gg? [1] (ii) Use the ratio of purple grains and yellow grains in (b)(ii) to state the genotypes of the parents. genotypes and [2]

21 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (d) Complete the genetic diagram below to show the result of crossing a heterozygous sweetcorn plant with a yellow-grained sweetcorn plant. parents genotype gametes offspring genotype grain colour ratio purple … … … yellow … … … … [5]

22 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows air passing into the engine of a car, and a mixture of exhaust (waste) gases being released. exhaust (waste) gas mixture released into the air composition of air taken into the car’s engine oxygen … 21% … Fig. 9.1 (i) Complete the table in Fig. 9.1 to show the name and percentage of the main gas in air. [2] (ii) Name one gas, other than carbon dioxide, in the mixture of exhaust gases which causes air pollution. State one harmful effect that this gas has in the environment. gas harmful effect [2] (b) Hydrogen gas is released when magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. magnesium dilute hydrochloric acid (i) Describe the test for hydrogen gas. [2] (ii) State the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid. [1]

23 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) Fig. 9.2 shows the apparatus a student used to measure the temperature change when magnesium powder reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid. magnesium powder spatula hydrochloric acid insulated beaker thermometer Fig. 9.2 The student repeated the experiment using different masses of magnesium powder. After each experiment he rinsed out the insulated beaker and then refilled it using the same volume of 1.0 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. His results are shown in Fig. 9.3. 0 0.5 0.75 0.25 1.0 1.25 1.5 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 mass of magnesium / g temperature / °C Fig. 9.3 (i) Explain, in terms of energy, why the temperature of the reaction mixture increases when magnesium powder is added to dilute hydrochloric acid. [2]

24 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 (ii) Suggest why in this experiment the graph eventually became horizontal. [2]

25 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 10.

26 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 10 (a) Draw lines to link the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum to their uses. One line has been drawn for you. γ-radiation infra-red electromagnetic wave microwaves X-rays airport security scanners intruder alarms use mobile phone (cell phone) communication radioactive medical tracers [1] (b) Different waves in the electromagnetic spectrum have different wavelengths and frequencies. State the meaning of the terms frequency and wavelength. You may use diagrams to help your explanation. frequency wavelength [2]

27 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) α-radiation, β-radiation and γ-radiation are three radioactive emissions. (i) Place the three radiations in order of their ionising ability, placing the most ionising first. most ionising least ionising [1] (ii) Fig. 10.1 shows α, β, and γ radiations passing through a magnetic field. α γ β N S source of α, β and γ radiations Fig. 10.1 Explain the results. [3]

28 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 11 (a) Define osmosis. [3] (b) A piece of plant tissue was placed in a concentrated sugar solution on a microscope slide. Fig. 11.1 shows the appearance of three of the cells from this tissue after they had been in the sugar solution for one hour. Fig. 11.1 (i) Describe the effect, as shown in Fig. 11.1, that the sugar solution has had on the cells. [1] (ii) Explain this effect in terms of osmosis. [2] (iii) Complete Fig. 11.2, to show how the cells would appear if they had been placed in water, instead of in a concentrated sugar solution. Fig. 11.2 [2]

29 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) Plants absorb water by osmosis into their root hair cells. (i) Explain how the structure of the root hair cells is related to this function. [2] (ii) State one other function of root hair cells. [1]

30 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 12 (a) Fig. 12.1 shows some of the particles present in a mixture of gases. key atom 1 atom 2 atom 3 Fig. 12.1 (i) State the number of different gases that are contained in the mixture shown in Fig. 12.1. [1] (ii) On Fig. 12.1 draw a label line to a molecule of a compound. Label this molecule C. [1] (iii) Explain your answer to (ii). [1] (b) Name the family of metals that includes cobalt (proton number 27) and nickel (proton number 28). [1]

31 © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 (c) Fig. 12.2 shows a simplified diagram of the industrial process used to produce aluminium. graphite electrodes molten aluminium molten electrolyte bubbles of gas + – Fig. 12.2 (i) Name the two substances that are melted together to form the electrolyte. 1 2 [2] (ii) Name one gas that bubbles from the surface of the anode. [1] (iii) Describe what happens on the surface of the cathode to convert aluminium ions, Al 3+, to aluminium atoms. [2]

32 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2014 0654/33/M/J/14 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/33 Paper 3 (Extended Theory), maximum raw mark 120 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 33 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 1 (a) (i) advantage – uses renewable / sustainable (energy) resource / saves fossil fuels / free energy source / no pollution, CO2, waste etc. and disadvantage – visual pollution / noise / only works when it’s windy / high capital investment costs / damage to wildlife / needs lots of land ; [1] (ii) (efficiency) = in power out power ; = = = = 1500 900 × 100 = 60 (%) ; [2] (b) (i) (nuclear to) thermal / heat energy ; heat water to produce steam ; (drives) turbine and generator ; reference to kinetic energy ; [max 3] (ii) (nuclear) fusion ; [1] (c) (current) = voltage power ; = = = (A) 250 000 132 000 000 33 = ; [2] (d) during cold weather cables will contract ; could snap cables / damage pylons etc. ; [2] (e) (i) A – smaller cross-sectional area / diameter ; [1] (ii) D ; nichrome, longest length, smallest cross-sectional area ; [2] (iii) resistance == current voltage OR ( I = ) R V etc. ; current = (A) 80 0.15 12 = ; [2] [Total: 16]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 33 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 2 (a) (i) cilia ; [1] (ii) cells secrete mucus ; mucus traps pathogens ; cilia push mucus (and pathogens) up / away from lungs / into throat ; [3] (b) (i) tar / smoke particles ; (allow nicotine) [1] (ii) (structures labelled X) paralysed / destroyed / clogged by (extra) mucus / mucus is not removed ; (cells labelled Y) secrete more mucus ; [2] [Total: 7] 3 (a) (i) mixture of metals / metals and other elements ; [1] (ii) malleability ; [1] (iii) copper chloride and zinc chloride ; [1] (b) Na2O ; sodium atom loses one electron and oxygen atom gains two electrons ; two sodium atoms provide the two electrons / owtte ; [3] (c) P4 N 5O2 → P4O10 ;;; [3] (LHS formulae ; RHS formula ; then balance ;) [Total: 9] 4 (a) nitrate / magnesium / potassium / phosphate / sulfate ; [1] (b) leaching / runoff / washed through by rain / blown by wind ; [1] (c) (i) rapid / increased, growth / population increase (followed by death) ; [1] (ii) blocking of light so no photosynthesis / outcompeted by algae ; so die ; more growth initially due to increased nutrients ; [max 2] (iii) increase in numbers ; feed on the dead matter ; [2] (iv) run out of oxygen (so die) ; [1] (d) apply fertiliser at peak growing time / not when raining ; use appropriate amount / use less ; [2] [Total: 10]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 33 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 5 (a) (i) will repel / move away because like poles repels ; [1] (ii) attraction / moves towards ; magnetism induced in iron bar ; [2] (b) (i) positive – opposite charges attract ; [1] (ii) when rubbed with, a cloth / friction ; electrons are gained by ball Y ; [2] (iii) electrical charge experiences a force / the charge ‘moves’ towards the ball of opposite charge / owtte ; [1] (c) (density) = volume mass ; 4.17 3.97 OR 6 3 10 4.17 10 3.97 − − × × ; = = =0.952 g / cm3 OR 952 kg / m3 ; [3]= [Total: 10] 6 (a) (i) 6 ; proton / atomic number is 6 and numbers of protons and electrons are equal ; [2] (ii) (Q) ethane contains two carbon atoms ; and six hydrogen atoms ; [2] [stating that ethane formula is C2H6 scores both marks, max 1 if incorrect letter used] (iii) covalent ; non-metals are bonded / compounds exist as small molecules ; [2] (b) (i) Mr H2O = 18 ; (18) × 5.75 = 103.5 g (unit required) ; [2] (ii) 103.5 N 16 = 119.5 g ; [1] (iii) methane is a greenhouse gas / adds to greenhouse effect / increases global warming ; global warming may cause methane hydrate to release more methane ; more methane may mean faster global warming / may go out of control ; [max 2] [Total: 11]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 33 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 7 (a) more particles enter tyre ; particles are moving / vibrating / have kinetic energy ; increasing rate of collision with tyre wall ; increasing pressure ; other relevant point e.g. exert force / momentum change / bounce back / lots over an area ; [max 3] (b) current produces magnetic field around coil ; magnetic field produced interacts with other magnetic field ; force on current carrying conductor in magnetic field ; force acts on side of coil ; forces act in opposite directions on each side of coil ; current reverses every half turn ; keeps coil turning in same direction ; [max 4] [Total: 7] 8 (a) genetically determined ; (two) distinct types ; use of information ; [2] (b) (i) 30, 9 ; [1] (ii) 3 :1 ; [1] (c) (i) purple ; [1] (ii) Gg ; Gg ; [2] (d) Gg, gg ; G, g, g (g) ; Gg (Gg), gg (gg) ; purple (purple), yellow (yellow) ; 1:1 / 2:2 ; [5] [Total: 12]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 33 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 9 (a) (i) nitrogen ; 78% ; [2] (ii) sulfur dioxide ; reference to acid rain reacting with building materials / plants / aquatic life ; damage to respiratory system if inhaled / AVP ; OR oxides of nitrogen / named oxide ; damage to respiratory systems if inhaled / reference to smog ; [max 2] (b) (i) flame ; pops ; [2] (ii) magnesium N hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride N hydrogen ; [1] (c) (i) (chemical energy converted to) thermal / heat, energy / releases, thermal / heat, energy ; reaction is exothermic ; increases particle kinetic energy; [max 2] (ii) no further reaction / no more heat energy is being released ; because, reactant(s) / acid, used up / magnesium in excess / owtte ; [2] [Total: 11] 10 (a) [1] (b) frequency: number of waves produced per second / number of waves passing a fixed point per second ; wavelength: distance between two peaks/two troughs / two identical points on consecutive waves / correctly labelled diagram ; [2] γ-radiation infra-red microwaves X-rays airport security scanners intruder alarms mobile phone (cell phone) communication radioactive medical tracers electromagnetic wave use

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 33 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (c) (i) alpha beta gamma (in that order) ; [1] (ii) charged particles act like a current ; moving charged particles create magnetic field ; magnetic fields interact ; gamma has no charge so no deflection / gamma is, electromagnetic radiation / wave, / so no deflection / alpha and beta deflect because they have charge ; alpha and beta have opposite charges so deflected in opposite directions ; beta deflected more than alpha ; [max 3] [Total: 7] 11 (a) diffusion of water (molecules) ; from, higher water concentration / higher water potential / more dilute solution, / down a water potential gradient ; through a partially / semi-permeable membrane ; [3] (b) (i) cytoplasm / cell membrane has withdrawn from cell wall / vacuole smaller / plasmolysis ; [1] (ii) water has left the cells (by osmosis) ; because sugar solution is more concentrated / has lower water concentration / potential ; [2] (iii) three cells filled in showing larger vacuoles ; cytoplasm pressed against cell walls ; [i.e., as below – ] [2] (c) (i) elongated shape ; for larger surface area ; OR thin / permeable cell walls ; to allow water through ; [max 2] (ii) absorption of minerals / ions / nitrate / magnesium / other named mineral ion ; [1] [Total: 11]

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 33 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 12 (a) (i) 3 ; [1] (ii) particle to be labelled C shown ; [1] (iii) molecule of a compound must contain different atoms (joined) / elements (combined) ; [1] (b) transition elements / metals / series ; [1] (c) (i) aluminium oxide / alumina / bauxite ; cryolite ; [2] (ii) oxygen / carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide ; [1] (iii) aluminium ions gain electrons ; each ion gains three electrons / is discharged ; [2] [Total: 9]