Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2010 May/June Paper 3 · Variant 3

This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB10 06_0654_33/3RP © UCLES 2010 [Turn over *3238767383* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/33 Paper 3 (Extended) May/June 2010 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

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3 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 1 (a) Name the proteins that carry out each of the following functions. (i) transports oxygen inside red blood cells [1] (ii) reduces the level of glucose in the blood if it goes too high [1] (iii) catalyses the reaction that breaks down starch to maltose [1] (iv) attaches to antigens, making it easier for phagocytes to destroy them [1] (b) When a person eats more protein than can be immediately used in the body, the excess protein is broken down to produce the waste product urea. (i) Name the organ in which urea is produced. [1] (ii) Describe how urea is removed from the body. You do not need to give any details of what happens in a kidney tubule. [3] (c) Suggest how a nitrogen atom in a molecule of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere, could become part of a protein in a person's body. [4]

4 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 2 The industrial electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution (brine) produces three important chemicals, X, Y and Z, as shown in Fig. 2.1. concentrated sodium chloride solution (brine) gas Y gas X solution of the alkaline compound Z + – permeable membrane graphite (carbon) electrodes Fig. 2.1 (a) Write the names or chemical formulae of X, Y and Z. X Y Z [2] (b) Fig. 2.2 shows a diagram of one atom of chlorine. key electron nucleus Fig. 2.2 (i) Every electron has a negative electrical charge. Explain why the chlorine atom does not have an overall electrical charge. [2]

5 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when a chlorine atom bonds with an atom of the metallic element potassium. You may wish to draw diagrams to help you answer this question. [3]

6 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (c) A sweetener such as sucrose, C12H22O11, (sugar) is sometimes added to food and drinks to make them taste sweeter. Sucralose, C12H19O8Cl3, is a synthetic compound which is used in some other types of sweetener. Verisweet is a sweetener which contains sucralose mixed with other compounds. Some information about sucrose and Verisweet is shown in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 sweetener mass in a typical spoonful / g kilojoules per 100 g sucrose 5.0 1700 Verisweet 0.5 1600 A typical spoonful of Verisweet tastes as sweet as an identical spoonful of sucrose. (i) Verisweet contains 1% by mass of sucralose. Calculate the mass of sucralose in a typical spoonful of Verisweet weighing 0.5 g. [1] (ii) Use your answer to (i) to calculate the number of moles of sucralose in a typical spoonful of Verisweet. Show your working. [3]

7 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iii) A typical spoonful of sucrose contains 85 kilojoules. Calculate the number of kilojoules in a typical spoonful of Verisweet. [1] (iv) Verisweet is much more expensive than sucrose. Suggest why some people might choose to use Verisweet rather than sucrose. [2]

8 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 3 (a) Describe how heat energy from a nuclear reactor is used to produce electricity. [2] (b) Describe two advantages of a nuclear power station over a coal-burning power station. 1 2 [2] (c) A transformer at a power station steps up the voltage from 25 000 V to 400 000 V. (i) Use the equation Vs Vp = Ns Np to calculate the number of turns on the primary coil if there are 20 000 turns on the secondary coil. Show your working. [2]

9 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Explain why electricity is transmitted at such a high voltage. [2] (d) One of the waste products formed in nuclear power stations is the isotope strontium-90. Details of this isotope of strontium are: nucleon (mass) number 90 proton (atomic) number 38 half-life 28.8 years Strontium-90, like other waste products from nuclear reactors, has been produced by nuclear fission. (i) State what happens to atoms during nuclear fission. [1] (ii) Use the information about strontium-90 to work out: the number of protons in a strontium-90 atom, the number of neutrons in a strontium-90 atom. [2] (iii) Strontium-90 decays by beta particle emission. Use the copy of the Periodic Table on page 24 to deduce the identity of the element formed when strontium-90 atoms decay. [1]

10 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis of a plant. rate of photosynthesis light intensity A B C D Fig. 4.1 (i) Explain why light is needed for photosynthesis. [2] (ii) Give the letter of the part of the graph in which light intensity is not limiting the rate of photosynthesis. [1] (b) The diagrams in Fig. 4.2 show sections through two leaves on the same tree. The two diagrams are drawn to the same scale. The contents of the cells are not shown. Leaf A was taken from a part of the tree that was always in shade. Leaf B was taken from a part of the tree that received plenty of sunlight. cuticle palisade cell leaf B leaf A Fig. 4.2

11 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (i) Leaf B has larger palisade cells than leaf A. Suggest an advantage of this to the tree. [2] (ii) Describe two ways, other than the size of the palisade cells, in which leaf B differs from leaf A. 1 2 [2] (iii) Describe how carbon dioxide travels to a palisade cell in a leaf. [3] (c) The differences between leaf A and leaf B are an example of variation. State whether this variation is caused by • genes, • the environment, • both genes and environment together. Explain your answer. cause of variation explanation [2]

12 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 5 (a) Solutions of substances in water are acidic, neutral or alkaline. Choose pH values from the list to complete Table 5.1. list of pH values 2 5 7 9 13 Table 5.1 liquid description pH sodium chloride solution neutral acid rain weakly acidic [2] (b) A student used the apparatus shown in Fig. 5.1 to investigate the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium. magnesium dilute hydrochloric acid gas measuring cylinder water Fig. 5.1 • At the start of the experiment, the inverted measuring cylinder was full of water. • The student started the reaction by dropping a weighed piece of magnesium into a known volume of dilute hydrochloric acid. • She replaced the bung and started a stopwatch. • She recorded the time taken for gas to collect in the inverted measuring cylinder. • Her results are shown as a graph in Fig. 5.2.

13 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use volume of gas time Fig. 5.2 (i) Write a balanced symbolic equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid. [3] (ii) Explain, in terms of collisions between particles, why the rate of the reaction is greatest near the beginning, and then slows down. [3] (iii) The student carried out a second experiment in which she used dilute hydrochloric acid that had a higher temperature. She kept all of the other reaction conditions the same as in the first experiment. On the graph in Fig. 5.2, sketch a line which the student might obtain when she plots the results of this second experiment. [2]

14 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 6 (a) (i) A block of metal has a mass of 720 g and a volume of 80 cm3. Calculate the density of the block. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [2] (ii) The block has a specific heating capacity of 400 J / kg ºC. It is heated and the temperature rises by 50 ºC. Calculate the minimum amount of energy required to do this. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [3] (iii) A force of 100 N acts on this block. Calculate the acceleration of the block. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [2]

15 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) A student tested the block to see if it conducted electricity. Draw a simple circuit which the student could build for this purpose. Use the correct circuit symbols. [2]

16 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a motor neurone. Fig. 7.1 (i) Use a label line and the appropriate letter to label each of these structures: A axon, B nucleus of neurone. [2] (ii) A motor neurone may be part of a reflex arc. Describe the role of a motor neurone in a reflex arc. [3]

17 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Sprinters need fast reflexes to make a good start in a 100 m race. The time between the starting gun being fired and the runner pushing off from the starting blocks is known as the reaction time. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fig. 7.2 The reaction time is made up of: • the time taken for the sound from the starting gun to reach the runner's ear, • plus the time taken for a nerve impulse to pass from the ear to the brain, • plus the time taken for a nerve impulse to pass from the brain to the leg muscles. (i) A runner in lane 1 is 2 m from the starting gun. Sound travels at 330 m / s. Calculate the time taken for the sound to reach the runner's ear. Show your working. [2]

18 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use Table 7.1 shows the reaction times of the runners in lane 1 and lane 8 in the heats (qualifying races) for a 100 m race. Table 7.1 reaction time / s heat 1 heat 2 heat 3 heat 4 heat 5 heat 6 heat 7 heat 8 lane 1 0.133 0.146 0.170 0.160 0.186 0.176 0.149 0.147 lane 8 0.228 0.223 0.188 0.195 0.178 0.199 0.163 0.167 (ii) Draw a ring around the heat that shows anomalous results. [1] (iii) Describe the relationship between the reaction time and the lane. Use your answer to (b)(i) to suggest an explanation for this relationship. relationship explanation [2] (c) Nerve impulses pass along neurones from the brain to the leg muscles at about 70 m / s. Suggest whether this is likely to produce a significant difference between the reaction times of a runner who is 1.9 m tall and a runner who is 1.6 m tall. Explain your answer. [2]

19 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 8 (a) A racing car is being driven in a race. The graph in Fig. 8.1 shows the speed of the car over a 26 second period. A B C D 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 speed / m / s 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 16 18 14 20 22 24 26 A B C D time / s E Fig. 8.1 (i) Between which points on the graph is the car not moving? [1] (ii) Calculate the acceleration of the car between B and C. Show your working. [2]

20 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (b) A wheel on a car needs changing. Fig. 8.2 shows a spanner being used to turn a wheel nut. 300 N 0.3 m Fig. 8.2 (i) Calculate the turning effect (moment) of the spanner. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [2] (ii) Give two ways in which you could increase the spanner’s turning effect. 1 2 [2]

21 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) During a race the air in the tyre is at a temperature of 400 K and a pressure of 120 000 N / m2. After the race, the air in the tyre cools down to a temperature of 300 K. Calculate the new air pressure in the tyre. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [3]

22 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 9 Fig. 9.1 shows part of the water cycle. Arrow Q shows where rain is falling. The rainwater collects in streams and rivers which flow over rocks in the Earth’s crust. P Q sea clouds clouds wind direction streams and rivers rocks in the Earth’s crust Fig. 9.1 (a) Describe the processes which are represented by arrow P in Fig. 9.1. [2] (b) Water molecules contain the elements hydrogen and oxygen. Complete the bonding diagram below to show • the chemical symbols of the elements in a molecule of water, • the arrangement of the outer electrons of each atom. [2]

23 © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 9.2 shows a simplified diagram of a machine for washing dishes (dishwasher) which is used in a hard water area. cold hard water electrical heating element ion-exchange resin water passes over tiny solid grains of ion-exchange resin Fig. 9.2 In this machine, the water which is to be used to clean the dishes is first passed through an ion-exchange resin. The water is then heated to a high temperature by the electrical heating element. (i) One type of hardness in water may be removed simply by boiling. State the name or chemical formula of the compound which causes this type of hardness. [1] (ii) Describe, in terms of ions, what happens when the cold hard water flows through the ion-exchange resin. [2] (iii) Explain why it is important that the water passes through the ion-exchange resin before it enters the dishwasher. [2]

24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2010 0654/33/M/J/10 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements