Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2009 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 24 printed pages. IB09 11_0654_02/2RP © UCLES 2009 [Turn over *9351351753* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/02 Paper 2 (Core) October/November 2009 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) In an electrical appliance, electricity is transformed into a different form of energy. State the useful energy transformation in (i) an electric oven, [1] (ii) an electric drill. [1] (b) Fig. 1.1 shows the parts of an electric iron. handle light temperature control dial polished steel base Fig. 1.1 Choose words from the list below to fill in the gaps in the sentences. electricity friction gravity heat high low poor sound The base of the iron is made from steel because steel is a good conductor of and because steel has a melting point. The steel is polished until it is very smooth to reduce the force of between the iron and the clothes. [3]

3 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 2 Fig. 2.1 shows the approximate percentage by mass of elements combined in the Earth’s crust. oxygen 46.6 % other elements 12.5 % aluminium 8.1 % iron 5.0 % silicon Fig. 2.1 (a) Calculate the percentage by mass of silicon in the Earth’s crust. % [1] (b) Pure silicon is used in the manufacture of many types of electronic devices. All of the silicon in the Earth’s crust is found combined in compounds such as silicon dioxide, SiO2. Silicon can be obtained by heating a mixture of silicon dioxide and carbon. A symbolic equation for this reaction is shown below. SiO2 + C → Si + CO2 Explain why this is an example of a reduction / oxidation (redox) reaction. [2]

4 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (c) Aluminium is found in the Earth’s crust combined in compounds such as aluminium oxide. Fig. 2.2 shows a diagram of the process used to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide. Choose labels from the list below and write them into the correct places in Fig. 2.2. aluminium anode cathode electrolyte – + … … … … Fig. 2.2 [2] (d) Clay consists of very small, insoluble solid particles. These particles come from rocks and are found in some types of soil. (i) Name one process by which a rock can be turned into a soil containing clay. [1] (ii) When some types of clay are shaken with water, a cloudy, non-transparent mixture is produced. Fig. 2.3 shows a diagram of how such a mixture appears when magnified. dispersed clay particles water Fig. 2.3 Name the type of mixture shown in Fig. 2.3. [1]

5 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iii) Clay is the raw material for ceramic objects such as cups and saucers. Describe briefly how a cup made of clay is treated to convert it into a ceramic cup. [1]

6 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 3 Soy beans (soyabeans) are grown for their seeds. The seeds are an excellent source of protein and starch, and are used in the production of a wide variety of foods. (a) (i) Suggest the advantage to soy bean plants of having seeds that contain protein and starch. [2] (ii) Explain why we need protein and starch in our diet. protein starch [2] (iii) Describe how you could test a sample of soy bean seeds for protein. [2] (b) Soy beans have been cultivated for hundreds of years, and many different varieties are grown. The more soy bean plants grow, the more seeds they produce. An investigation was carried out to find out how four different varieties of soy beans would be affected if the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased. Four varieties were used, called Arksoy, Dunfield, Mukden and Mandarin. Several plants of each variety were grown in normal concentrations of carbon dioxide. Another set of plants of each variety was grown in a high concentration of carbon dioxide. The mean mass of seeds produced per plant was measured at each carbon dioxide concentration. The results are shown in Table 3.1.

7 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use Table 3.1 mean mass of seeds per plant / g variety in normal carbon dioxide concentration in high carbon dioxide concentration Arkoy 30.8 42.4 Dunfield 46.1 55.9 Mukden 41.4 56.5 Mandarin 31.3 58.4 (i) State which variety of soy bean gives the highest yield of seeds in normal carbon dioxide concentration. [1] (ii) State which variety of soy bean showed the greatest increase in seed production at high carbon dioxide concentration compared with normal carbon dioxide concentration. [1] (iii) Suggest why the plants grew more at high carbon dioxide concentration than at normal carbon dioxide concentration. [1] (iv) Suggest and explain why it is important to find out how crops grow in carbon dioxide concentrations that are greater than in our present atmosphere. [2]

8 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 4 Some types of fertiliser have the letters NPK on the package label, indicating the chemical symbols of three elements contained in the fertiliser. N : P : K (a) (i) Two of the elements shown in the name NPK are in the same group of the Periodic Table. State the group number of the Periodic Table which contains these two elements. [1] (ii) State and explain which of the elements shown in the name NPK contains atoms that have their electrons arranged as shown in Fig. 4.1. Fig. 4.1 element explanation [2] (b) (i) State which of the elements in an NPK fertiliser is found in amino acids. [1]

9 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Describe briefly how amino acids react together in plants, and name the type of compound which is formed. [2] (c) Ammonia is an important compound that is used in the manufacture of NPK fertilisers. Fig. 4.2 shows a simplified diagram of the type of reaction vessel that is used in the production of ammonia. N2 NH3 H2 catalyst Fig. 4.2 (i) Use the chemical formulae shown in Fig. 4.2 to explain the difference between an element and a compound. [2] (ii) Describe a chemical test which could be used to show that the gas coming out of the reaction vessel contained some ammonia. [2]

10 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 5 An aluminium can containing a fizzy drink is shown in Fig. 5.1. There is information printed on the can. Ingredients: carbonated water, sucrose (sugar), flavours, caffeine. Fig. 5.1 (a) (i) Name the gas in the drink which makes it fizzy. [1] (ii) Describe a test and the expected result for this gas. [2] (b) The empty can may be recycled by melting it down. The mass of the aluminium in the can is 15 g and its volume is 5.6 cm3. (i) Calculate the density of aluminium. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working g / cm3 [2]

11 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Draw diagrams to show the arrangement of aluminium atoms in solid aluminium and liquid aluminium. One atom has already been drawn in each diagram. solid liquid [2] (c) Some fizzy drinks contain a lot of sugar. Explain why too much sugar in the diet is unhealthy. [2]

12 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (d) Fig. 5.2 shows apparatus set up to measure the specific heat capacity of aluminium. power supply heater aluminium block insulation water thermometer joulemeter Fig. 5.2 The block is heated electrically and the electrical energy input is measured using a joulemeter. The temperature of the block and the total electrical energy supplied are measured at intervals. Fig. 5.3 shows the results. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 50 40 30 20 10 0 temperature / °C energy supplied / kJ Fig. 5.3

13 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (i) State the relationship between the temperature and the energy supplied. [1] (ii) Use the graph to calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of the block from 25 °C to 45 °C. Show your working on the graph. J [2] (iii) Define the term specific heat capacity. [1] (iv) The temperature of the block rose from 25° C to 45 °C in 600 seconds. Use your answer from (ii) to calculate the electrical power during this time. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working W [2] (v) The voltage of the power supply in Fig. 5.2 is 12 V. It is fitted with a 10 amp fuse. Use the formula power = voltage x current to explain why this fuse is adequate for this experiment. [2]

14 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (e) A thin sheet of aluminium is placed between a radioactive source and a radiation detector. The source emits one type of radiation only. The radiation detected is reduced but not completely stopped. (i) Suggest which type of radiation is being used and explain your answer. [2] (ii) A thin sheet of another metal will completely stop this type of radiation. Suggest what this metal could be. [1]

15 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows the main bones, muscles and tendons in the human arm. A B C D hinge joint at elbow triceps biceps tendons tendons Fig. 6.1 (a) Give the letter of each of the following bones. scapula humerus ulna radius [2] (b) Describe the roles of each of the following structures in helping to make the arm bend at the elbow. (i) biceps muscle [2] (ii) tendons [1]

16 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (c) Muscles have a good blood supply. The blood brings oxygen and nutrients to the muscle. (i) Name the type of blood vessel that carries blood from the heart towards a muscle, delivers blood close to the muscle cells. [2] (ii) State two changes that take place in the body and help to supply the muscles with more oxygen more quickly during exercise. 1 2 [2]

17 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 7 Two processes carried out at an oil refinery are shown in Fig. 7.1 and Fig. 7.2. refinery gas gasoline naphtha diesel oil fuel oil bitumen petroleum Fig. 7.1 saturated hydrocarbons heat and catalyst unsaturated hydrocarbons Fig. 7.2 (a) (i) Name the process in Fig. 7.1. [1] (ii) State two ways in which the properties of gasoline are different from those of fuel oil. 1 2 [2] (iii) Petroleum (crude oil) is a fossil fuel. Suggest why petroleum contains a very large amount of the element carbon. [2]

18 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (b) (i) Name the process in Fig. 7.2. [1] (ii) Complete the spaces in the following passage using only words chosen from the list. alcohols alkenes fractions oils saturated unsaturated Most of the compounds in petroleum are hydrocarbons. Compounds called alkanes are known as hydrocarbons. Compounds called are known as hydrocarbons. [2] (iii) Explain why it is not possible for an alkene molecule to have less than two carbon atoms per molecule. [2] (c) Fuel oil is used as an energy source in some power stations. Fuel oil contains sulfur compounds. These increase air pollution if they burn with the fuel oil. Describe and explain the damage that would be caused to the environment if sulfur compounds are not removed from fuel oil before it is burnt. [3]

19 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 8 (a) Humans keep a constant concentration of glucose in the blood and a constant internal body temperature. (i) State the term for the maintenance of a constant internal environment. [1] (ii) Name the part of the digestive system from which glucose is absorbed into the blood. [1] (iii) Describe how the pancreas helps to bring blood glucose level down to normal, if the concentration rises too high. [1] (iv) Name the condition that results if the pancreas cannot regulate blood glucose. [1] (v) Describe how an embryo developing in the uterus is supplied with glucose. [2]

20 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (b) One way in which body temperature is kept constant is by sweating. A gene has recently been discovered which affects the ability to smell a particular component of male sweat. The gene has two alleles. Allele A is dominant and causes the ability to smell this substance. Allele a is recessive and causes inability to smell it. (i) Complete the genetic diagram to show the expected genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of two parents who are both heterozygous for these alleles. gametes from one parent gametes and and genotypes of parents … gametes from other parent Aa 1 2 3 4 phenotypes of offspring 1 2 3 4 [4] (ii) The couple have one child. Use your answer to (i) to state the probability that this child can smell the substance. [1]

21 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 9 (a) An elephant of mass 4000 kg is moving at 0.5 m / s. (i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the elephant. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working J [2] (ii) Show that the elephant has a momentum of 2000 kg m / s. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [2] (b) An elephant lifts a mass of 300 kg through a vertical distance of 2 m. (i) State the weight that the elephant lifts. N [1]

22 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (ii) Calculate the work done by the elephant. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working J [2] (c) An elephant weighing 40 000 N stands with all four feet in contact with the ground. Each foot of the elephant has an area of 0.4 m2. Use the formula pressure = area force to calculate the pressure exerted by the elephant on the ground. Show your working N / m2 [2] (d) Elephants live in hot countries and need to keep cool. Elephants’ ears are large and contain many blood vessels. Suggest how this allows elephants to cool down. [1]

23 © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (e) Table 9.1 shows the lowest and highest frequencies that five mammals can hear. Table 9.1 mammal lowest frequency / Hz highest frequency / Hz cat 20 65 000 dog 25 50 000 elephant 5 10 000 human 20 20 000 rabbit 300 40 000 (i) What is meant by the term frequency? [1] (ii) Which three mammals in Table 9.1 cannot hear a frequency of 45 000 Hz? [1] (iii) Which mammal in Table 9.1 can hear the widest range of frequencies? [1]

24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2009 0654/02/O/N/09 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2009 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/02 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2009 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0654 02 © UCLES 2009 1 (a) (i) (electricity into) heat ; [1] (ii) (electricity into) kinetic energy / electricity into movement ; [1] (b) heat ; high ; friction ; [3] [Total: 5] 2 (a) 27.8 % ; [1] (b) oxidation is addition of oxygen / bonding with oxygen / reduction is removal of oxygen ; e.g. silicon (dioxide) is reduced because oxygen is removed / carbon is oxidised because it joins with oxygen ; [2] (c) cathode anode electrolyte aluminium – + … … … … ;; all correct = 2 marks, 2 correct = 1 mark [2] (d) (i) weathering / erosion / transportation ; [1] (ii) colloid / sol ; [1] (iii) heated to a high temperature / it is fired ; [1] [Total: 8] 3 (a) (i) food source / energy source / nutrients ; for embryo / for germination ; [2] (ii) protein - growth / repair ; starch - energy ; [2] (iii) add biuret reagent / add copper sulfate and potassium hydroxide (solution) ; purple colour indicates protein ; [2] (b) (i) Dunfield ; [1] (ii) Mandarin ; [1]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0654 02 © UCLES 2009 (iii) (more) photosynthesis / CO2 is a limiting factor ; [1] (iv) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing ; ref to a reason for this, e.g. burning fossil fuels / deforestation ; idea of needing to plan for future food production ; [max 2] [Total: 11] 4 (a) (i) 5 ; [1] (ii) phosphorus / P ; 15 electrons so 15 protons so atomic number 15 / 5 electrons in outer shell / in group 5 and three shells / period 3 ; [2] (b) (i) nitrogen / N ; [1] (ii) join together / form chains / form polymers ; proteins / polypeptides ; [2] (c) (i) element contains one type of atom but compound contains different atoms (bonded) ; H2 / N2 is an element and NH3 is compound ; [max 2] (ii) (damp), red litmus (paper) ; (allow universal indicator) turns blue ; OR mix with HCl gas ; dense white smoke ; [2] [Total: 10] 5 (a) (i) carbon dioxide ; [1] (ii) limewater ; goes cloudy ; [2] (b) (i) density = mass / volume ; = 15/5.6 = 2.7 g / cm3 ; [2] (ii) solid - particles touching, regular arrangement ; liquid - most particles touching, irregular arrangement ; [2] (c) overweight ; effect on health ; tooth decay ; explanation ; [max 2]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0654 02 © UCLES 2009 (d) (i) temperature rise proportional to energy input ; [1] (ii) working ; 40 000 ; [2] (iii) energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C ; [1] (allow other units) (iv) power = energy / time ; 40 000 / 600 = 66.7 W ; (allow ecf) [2] (v) current = 66.7 / 12 = 5.5 A ; so fuse will not melt ; [2] (e) (i) beta ; alpha would be completely stopped and gamma not stopped at all ; [2] (ii) lead ; [1] [Total: 20] 6 (a) A B D C Any two correct for one mark ;; [2] (b) (i) contracts / gets shorter ; pulls ulna closer to, bone B / humerus / bone A, scapula ; [2] (ii) transmit force from muscle to bone ; [1] (c) (i) artery ; capillary ; [2] (ii) breathing rate / breathing depth, increases ; heart rate increases ; [2] [Total: 9] 7 (a) (i) fractional distillation / fractionation ; [1] (ii) two from gasoline has: lower viscosity ; lower boiling point / more volatile ; lower melting point ; less coloured ; higher flammability ; [max 2]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0654 02 © UCLES 2009 (iii) made from (bodies of once living) organisms ; organisms made of carbon compounds / organic compounds ; [2] (b) (i) (catalytic / thermal) cracking / thermal decomposition ; [1] (ii) alkanes paired with saturated ; alkenes paired with unsaturated ; [2] (iii) alkene molecules contain a double bond ; two carbon atoms required at either end of the double bond / owtte ; [2] (allow diagram of second point) (c) sulfur dioxide would be released into atmosphere ; which may cause breathing difficulties / asthma ; (sulfur dioxide may cause) acid rain ; which cause water pollution in water systems / damages aquatic life / damages plant life ; [max 3] [Total : 13] 8 (a) (i) homeostasis ; [1] (ii) small intestine / ileum / duodenum ; [1] (iii) secretes insulin ; [1] (iv) diabetes ; [1] (v) through placenta ; from mother’s blood ; by diffusion ; correct reference to umbilical cord ; [max 2]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0654 02 © UCLES 2009 (b) (i) gametes from one parent gametes and and genotypes of parents … gametes from other parent Aa Aa Aa can smell Aa can smell aa cannot smell A A A A a a a a AA can smell 1 2 3 4 second parent correct ; all gametes correct ; genotypes of offspring correct ; phenotypes of offspring correct (need not be in the boxes) ; [4] (ii) 3 in 4 / 75 % / 0.75 ; [1] [Total: 11] 9 (a) (i) (KE = )½ mv2 ; = 0.5 × 4000 × 0.5 × 0.5 = 500 J ; [2] (ii) (momentum = )m × v ; = 4000 × 0.5 = 2000 kg m / s ; [2] (b) (i) 3 000 N ; [1] (ii) work done = force × distance ; = 3000 N × 2 = 6000 J ; [2] (allow e.c.f. from b(i)) (c) total area = 1.6m2 ; pressure = 40000 / 1.6 = 25000 N / m2 ; [2]

Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0654 02 © UCLES 2009 (d) blood loses heat through ears ; larger surface area for radiation; max 1 [1] (e) (i) number of waves per second, etc. ; [1] (ii) elephant , human and rabbit ; [1] (iii) cat ; [1] [Total: 13]