Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2006 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

Centre Number Candidate Number Name UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/02 Paper 2 Core May/June 2006 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total This document consists of 20 printed pages. IB06 06_0654_02/2RP  UCLES 2006 [Turn over www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 1 Blood contains red cells, white cells and plasma. (a) Match each of these components with its function by drawing lines to link the boxes. component function red cells transporting urea white cells preventing and fighting infection plasma transporting oxygen [2] (b) The heart pumps blood around the body. Describe how the heart pushes blood into the arteries. [2] (c) Plants do not have a heart to pump fluids around them. (i) State the name of the vessels that carry water from a plant’s roots to its leaves. [1] (ii) Explain what makes the water move up these vessels. [2]

3 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 2 (a) Explain in terms of particles why (i) an inflated balloon shrinks when placed in a refrigerator, [2] (ii) water evaporates more quickly on a warm day than on a cold day. [2] (b) Explain why snow skis have a large surface area. [2]

4 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 3 (a) A student uses pH and temperature sensors connected to a computer to investigate three liquids, A, B and C. The apparatus is shown in Fig. 3.1. pH: temp: C B A pH sensor temperature sensor Fig. 3.1 The results obtained when the pH sensor was placed into the liquids in the test-tubes are shown in Table 3.2. Table 3.2 tube pH A 14.0 B 7.0 C 1.0 (i) Which liquid in Table 3.2 could be pure water? Explain your answer. [1] (ii) Which liquid in Table 3.2 would react with magnesium to produce a salt and hydrogen gas? Explain your answer. [2]

5 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) The student then placed the temperature sensor into liquid C. Predict and explain what will happen to the temperature reading from the sensor when liquid A is poured into liquid C. [3] (c) When sulphuric acid is added to a solid compound, a gas is given off. A drop of limewater on the end of a glass rod is held in this gas. The drop of limewater turns cloudy. glass rod drop of limewater sulphuric acid solid compound What type of compound could the solid be? Explain your answer. [2]

6 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 4 In many parts of the world, cattle are farmed to provide meat and milk for humans. The cattle may be fed on maize. This information can be shown as a food chain. maize → cattle → humans (a) The arrows in the food chain represent the flow of energy along the chain. Where did this energy originally come from? [1] (b) Name the consumer or consumers in this food chain. [1] (c) This food chain does not show decomposers. Describe the role of decomposers in a food web. [2] (d) (i) The maize that the cattle eat is digested in their alimentary canal. Explain what digestion is and why it is important. [3] (ii) The maize that the cattle eat contains starch. Suggest how it is digested in their alimentary canal. [2] (e) State one dietary problem that is found in the country where you live, and explain how it may affect people’s health. [2]

7 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 5 (a) Electrical signals can be sent along nerve cells. A bright light shines into a person’s eye. Impulses are produced in the nerve cells. These travel to the central nervous system, which may then send impulses to an effector. (i) State where in the eye receptor cells are found. [1] (ii) Suggest a possible effector. [1] (b) Rays of light entering the eye are refracted by the lens. Complete Fig. 5.1 below to show what happens when parallel rays of light are refracted by a lens. [2] Fig. 5.1 (c) The eye is able to detect the three primary colours of light. (i) Name these colours. 1. 2. 3. [2] (ii) These three colours of light are electromagnetic waves. Apart from their colour, state one other way in which they differ from each other. [1]

8 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 6 Explain briefly the difference between these terms. (a) electrolysis and electrolyte [2] (b) sol and emulsion [2] (c) longitudinal waves and transverse waves [2]

9 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 7 Fig. 7.1 shows the structure of the female reproductive system. oviduct ovary A B C Fig. 7.1 (a) Name the parts labelled A, B and C. A B C [3] (b) Eggs are produced in the ovaries. One egg is released from an ovary each month. Describe what happens if this egg is not fertilised. [2] (c) If the egg is fertilised, it may implant in the uterus and develop into an embryo. Outline how the embryo is provided with nutrients. [2]

10 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 8 Fig. 8.1 shows three aeroplanes at an airport. A B C Fig. 8.1 (a) Aeroplane A is moving at a constant velocity towards the main runway. Aeroplane B is stationary, waiting for take off. Aeroplane C has just taken off and is accelerating. (i) Which, if any, of the aeroplanes has zero momentum? Explain your answer. [1] (ii) The momentum of one of the aeroplanes is changing. State which aeroplane and explain your answer. [1] (iii) Which aeroplanes have no unbalanced forces acting on them? Explain your answer. [2]

11 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iv) Aeroplane A travels at 70 m/s for 30 seconds. Calculate the distance travelled. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working m [2] (b) People who fly frequently have greater exposure to ionising radiation than those who do not fly. Explain why this can be harmful. [2]

12 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 9 Growing crops take up several elements they need from the soil. The chemical symbols of three of these elements are N, P and K. (a) (i) One of these elements, when uncombined, is a metal. Name this element. [1] (ii) State which two of these elements have the same number of electrons in the outer shells of their atoms. Explain your answer briefly. elements and explanation [2] Table 9.1 shows how much of these three elements is taken up from the soil by different crops. Table 9.1 mass removed in kg / hectare crop N P K barley 72 14 13 oats 72 13 18 potatoes 109 14 133 sugar beet 86 14 302 wheat 115 22 26 (b) Which crop in Table 9.1 takes up the greatest mass of the two non-metallic elements per hectare? Show how you obtained your answer. [2]

13 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) The elements taken up by growing crops are present in the soil as compounds. In industry, nitrogen from air is used to make ammonia. Ammonia is used to make ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and urea, which are added to soil used for growing crops. (i) Explain briefly why uncombined nitrogen molecules cannot be used by most growing crops. [1] (ii) Name the other element which reacts with nitrogen to form ammonia. [1] (iii) The chemical formula of urea is N2H4CO. State the total number of atoms which are combined in one molecule of urea. [1] (d) Explain why lime might be added to certain types of soil in order to make it suitable for growing crops. [2] (e) Soils contain compounds which have been formed by the weathering of rocks. Describe one way by which the weathering of rocks occurs. [2]

14 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 10 Big-horn sheep live on rocky mountain sides in Canada. The males have very large horns. The size of their horns is caused by their genes. (a) State one feature shown in the photograph that is found only in mammals. [1] (b) (i) Name the part of a cell that contains the genes. [1] (ii) In which cells in the big-horn sheep’s body will the gene for horn size be present? [1] (c) In summer, it may be very hot in the mountains, but in winter it is very cold. Big-horn sheep keep their body temperature constant. (i) Explain why the cells of the sheep can function better if the temperature around them does not go up too high. [1]

15 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Respiration inside the cells of the sheep produces heat energy that helps to keep them warm in cold weather. Write the word equation for respiration. [2] (iii) Explain why the sheep have to eat more food when it is cold. [2]

16 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 11 Electricity is generated in a power station using a turbine and generator. (a) Complete the sentence below to describe the energy changes which take place in a generator. energy is changed into energy [1] (b) The voltage of the electricity generated is increased using transformers for transmission through power lines to the users. Explain why this is done. [2] (c) The electrical supply to a house is at a voltage of 220 V. An electric kettle is plugged into the supply. The current flowing through the heating element of the kettle is 10 A. (i) Calculate the power taken by the kettle. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working W [2] (ii) Calculate the resistance of the heating element. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working ohms [2]

17 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) Some power stations use fossil fuels as a source of energy. (i) What is meant by the term fossil fuel? [2] (ii) Name one fossil fuel. [1]

18 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 12 (a) The diagrams below show some common raw materials which are changed by chemical reactions into useful products. Choose words from the list to complete each box. aluminium ammonia ceramics chlorine glass paper plastics OIL petroleum (crude oil) wood clay silicon(IV) oxide mixed with metal oxides raw materials useful products [4]

19 Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 2 © William Ervin/Science Photo Library University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use (b) Petroleum (crude oil) is a black liquid mixture of hydrocarbons which is refined by the process of fractional distillation. Fig. 12.1 shows a diagram of industrial apparatus used for fractional distillation. petroleum A B C Fig. 12.1 (i) Name the two main elements which are bonded together in the majority of molecules found in petroleum. [1] (ii) State one difference in the properties of the materials coming out of the apparatus at points A and C. [1] (c) Some of the material coming out of the apparatus at point B in Fig. 12.1 undergoes cracking on the surface of a catalyst. This produces a mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The catalyst is in the form of very small particles. (i) Describe briefly how an unsaturated hydrocarbon differs from a saturated hydrocarbon. [1] (ii) Explain the meaning of the term catalyst. [2] (iii) Suggest why the catalyst is used in the form of very small particles. [1]

20 © UCLES 2006 0654/02/M/J/06 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2006 question paper 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/02 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 100 These mark schemes are published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. They show the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. They do not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the Examination. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. The minimum marks in these components needed for various grades were previously published with these mark schemes, but are now instead included in the Report on the Examination for this session. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2006 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0654 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 1 (a) red cells transporting urea white cells preventing infection plasma transporting oxygen two or three correct for 2 marks one correct for 1 mark [2] (b) muscles ; contract ; increase pressure / decrease volume ; of ventricles ; [2 max] (c) (i) xylem; [1] (ii) transpiration ; pulls water up ; ref. pressure gradient / water potential gradient ; [2 max] [Total: 7] 2 (a) (i) particles move slower; less pressure exerted on walls of balloon; [2] (ii) water molecules have more energy/ move faster; more are able to escape from liquid (and form a gas); [2] (b) large area means smaller pressure; stops skier sinking into snow; [2] [Total: 6]

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0654 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 3 (a) (i) (B) water is neutral / has pH = 7; [1] (ii) (C) this reaction requires an acid; pH 1 is acid; [2] (allow some credit for consistency even if pH for acid/alkali inverted) (b) temperature increases; it is a neutralisation / an acid is reacting with an alkali; which is exothermic / gives out heat (energy); [3] (c) gas evolved is carbon dioxide; solid is a carbonate / acids react with carbonates to make carbon dioxide [2] [Total: 8] 4 (a) sun / sunlight ; [1] (b) cattle and humans ; [1] (c) feed on all living organisms ; feed on dead material / wastes ; recycling ; [2] (d) (i) breaking down food ; large particles to small particles / large molecules to small molecules ; so that it can be absorbed ; [3] (ii) amylase ; in saliva ; breaks starch to maltose ; [2 max] (e) problem stated and food type involved ; explanation related to specific health issue ; [2] [Total: 11] 5 (a) (i) retina; [1] (ii) muscle?/specific muscle?/etc; [1] (b) rays of light brought to a focus; straight lines!; [2] (c) (i) red, green & blue;; [2] (ii) frequency/wavelength; [1] [Total: 7]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0654 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 6 (a) electrolysis is a chemical change / reaction / breaking down of a compound using electricity / electrical energy; electrolyte is the liquid / solution used in electrolysis; [2] (b) solution is a solid dispersed in a liquid; emulsion is a liquid dispersed in another liquid; [2] (c) longitudinal wave has medium moving parallel to the direction of the wave; transverse wave has medium moving perpendicular to the direction of the wave; OR longitudinal wave always requires a medium to move through; transverse wave does not always require a medium; [2] [Total: 6] 7 (a) A uterus ; B cervix ; C vagina ; [3] (b) egg dies / passes out of body ; lining of uterus breaks down ; menstruation ; [2 max] (c) from mother ; from her blood ; through placenta ; [2 max] [Total: 7] 8 (a) (i) B - no mark no velocity so no momentum; [1] (ii) C - no mark velocity is increasing so momentum increases; [1] (iii) A and B; not accelerating; [2] (iv) distance = speed x time; = 70 x 30 = 2100m; [2] (b) cancer etc; damage to DNA/mutating cells etc; [2] [Total: 8]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0654 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 9 (a) (i) potassium; [1] (ii) nitrogen / N and phosphorus / P; same group / both in Group 5 / correct reference to electron configuration details; [2] (b) wheat; evidence of working; [2] (c) (i) nitrogen too unreactive / too stable to be converted directly into useful molecules; [1] (ii) hydrogen; [1] (iii) 10; [1] (d) soil is too acidic for crops to grow (well); lime neutralises the excess acid; [2] (e) effect of water / acidic rain; reference to dissolving of rock material; effect of ice; reference to freeze/thaw; extremes of temperature; reference to expansion and contraction; animal / plant activity; description; [2 max] [Total: 12] 10 (a) hair / fur [1] (b) (i) nucleus ; [1] (ii) all; [1] (c) (i) work best at a particular temperature / denatured at high temperatures ; [1] (ii) glucose + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide ; ; [2] (iii) need more energy (when it is cold) ; as more heat lost from body ; food used in respiration ; [2 max] [Total: 8]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0654 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 11 (a) kinetic/mechanical/rotational energy to electrical energy ; [1] (b) high voltage means low current; this reduces energy losses; [2] (c) (i) power = voltage x current; = 2200W; [2] (ii) resistance = voltage/current; = 22ohms; [2] (d) (i) made millions of years ago; from remains of plants/animals; [2] (ii) coal/oil/gas/peat etc; [1] [Total: 10] 12 (a) glass; ceramics; plastics; paper; [4] (b) (i) carbon and hydrogen; [1] (ii) at A (material has) lower boiling point / smaller molecules / lower viscosity / less colour/ higher flammability; [1] (c) (i) unsaturated - molecules have a double bond (between carbons) saturated - molecules only have single bonds; (could also allow some reference to reactivity) [1] (ii) substance which speeds up / alters the rate of reactions; but which remains unchanged / owtte; [2] (iii) larger surface area (means greater efficiency); [1] [Total: 10]