Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2005 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

Centre Number Candidate Number Name UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/02 Paper 2 October/November 2005 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB05 11_0654_02/3RP  UCLES 2005 [Turn over If you have been given a label, look at the details. If any details are incorrect or missing, please fill in your correct details in the space given at the top of this page. Stick your personal label here, if provided. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows what happens when a beam of white light passes through a prism. A and B are the two ends of the visible spectrum seen on the screen. prism A B screen Fig. 1.1 (i) State the colour seen at A. [1] (ii) State the colour seen at B. [1] (b) Red is said to be a primary colour, while yellow is said to be a secondary colour. Explain what is meant by this statement and name one other primary colour and one other secondary colour. explanation primary colour secondary colour [3] (c) Below is a list of some waves. gamma infra-red radio sound ultrasound ultraviolet visible light Write down one wave from the list that is (i) a transverse wave, [1] (ii) a longitudinal wave, [1] (iii) emitted by hot objects but cannot be seen by the human eye. [1]

3 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) A fishing boat uses echo sounding to detect a shoal of fish. shoal of fish Short pulses of high frequency sound are sent out from the boat and the echo from the shoal of fish is detected 0.2 seconds later. Sound waves travel through water at a speed of 1600 m / s. Calculate the distance that the shoal of fish is below the boat. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working m [2]

4 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 2 Fig. 2.1 shows the main stages in an industrial process to convert cellulose obtained from trees into cellophane. Cellophane is produced in the form of thin, transparent sheets. wood broken into pieces and soaked in sodium sulphite solution to make wood pulp containing cellulose wood pulp reacted with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and carbon disulphide (CS2) reaction with acid to form cellophane Fig. 2.1 (a) The molecules in cellulose are natural polymers. (i) Name the monomer which is polymerised to form cellulose. [1] (ii) Draw a circle around the chemical symbols below which represent the three main elements combined in cellulose. C Ce H He Lu O Os [1] (iii) Draw a small section of a cellulose molecule. Use the symbol to represent one of the monomer molecules. [1] M

5 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) The formula of sodium sulphite is Na2SO3. State the number of different elements which are shown in this formula. [1] (c) (i) Suggest the type of chemical bonding in carbon disulphide. [1] (ii) Explain your answer to (c)(i). [1] (d) Cellophane is used as a partially permeable membrane in haemodialysis. Haemodialysis is a procedure used to remove small toxin molecules and excess water from the blood of patients with kidney disease. Fig. 2.2 shows a schematic diagram of haemodialysis. blood from patient blood returning to patient cleansing solution (an aqueous solution to clean the blood) cleansing solution partially permeable membrane made of cellophane Fig. 2.2 Describe briefly how the partially permeable membrane functions to clean the patient’s blood. [2]

6 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 3 Fig. 3.1 shows a vertical section through a human heart. right ventricle B A Fig. 3.1 (a) Name the parts labelled A and B. A B [2] (b) Using a labelling line and the letter M, label the muscular wall of the left ventricle. [1] (c) The muscular walls of the heart are supplied with oxygen by blood that flows through the coronary arteries. Explain why the heart muscle needs a supply of oxygen. [2]

7 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) If a coronary artery is blocked, the person may suffer a heart attack. Table 3.1 shows part of a chart which doctors in New Zealand use to estimate the chances of a woman having a heart attack. Table 3.1 percentage of women who are expected to have a heart attack within 5 years age 40 age 50 age 60 age 70 non-smokers 1 3 5 7 smokers 4 6 12 15 (i) Use the information in Table 3.1 to describe how a woman’s age affects her chances of having a heart attack, if she does not smoke. [2] (ii) If a 50 year old woman gives up smoking, suggest how this will affect her chances of having a heart attack. [1] (iii) Suggest one factor, other than age or smoking, which could affect the chances of a person having a heart attack. [1]

8 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 4 Fig. 4.1 shows a flying squirrel. A flying squirrel uses large flaps of skin as a form of parachute to enable it to fall, glide and land safely. The air trapped under these flaps, as the squirrel falls, provides an upward force called air resistance. Fig. 4.1 (a) (i) As the squirrel starts to fall, it is accelerating. State the meaning of the term accelerating. [1] (ii) The squirrel weighs 20 N. Suggest a value for the air resistance while the squirrel is accelerating. air resistance N Explain your answer. [2] (b) As the squirrel falls, it reaches a steady speed (terminal velocity) of 3 m / s. (i) State the value of the air resistance now. air resistance N Explain your answer. [2]

9 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) The surface area of the squirrel on which the air resistance acts is 0.4 m2. Use your answer to (b)(i) and the formula force area pressure = to calculate the pressure on the squirrel. Show your working. N / m2 [2] (c) (i) The mass of the squirrel is 2 kg. Calculate the kinetic energy of the squirrel when it is falling at its terminal velocity of 3 m / s. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working J [3] (ii) When the squirrel reaches the ground, it has lost its kinetic energy. Suggest where this energy has gone. [1]

10 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 5 (a) Table 5.1 shows some information about two elements X and Y. Both elements are in the third period of the Periodic Table. Complete the table by writing the words high or low in the empty boxes. Two of the boxes have already been completed. Table 5.1 element group number in Periodic Table melting point electrical conductivity pH of element oxide in water X 2 high Y 7 low [2] (b) Metallic elements are usually extracted from metal compounds found in rocks. A compound from which the metal titanium can be extracted is ilmenite, TiFeO3. (i) Name the other metallic element present in ilmenite. [1] (ii) In order to obtain titanium, ilmenite is first processed to form titanium chloride. Titanium chloride is then reacted with magnesium as shown in the equation below. titanium chloride + magnesium → magnesium chloride + titanium Magnesium is an expensive metal. Suggest why magnesium is used rather than a cheaper metal such as iron. [1] (iii) The titanium formed in the reaction in (ii) has to be melted and allowed to cool before it can be sold. The titanium is melted in a container in which all the air has been replaced by argon. Suggest and explain why the air is replaced by argon before the titanium is melted. [2]

11 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Alloys containing large amounts of titanium are widely used to make replacement hip joints. replacement hip joint made of titanium alloy pelvis femur (thigh bone) Suggest and explain two properties of titanium alloy which make it a suitable material from which to make replacement hip joints. property reason property reason [4]

12 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows a section through a human eye. The eye is focused on a distant object. iris rays of light from a distant object Fig. 6.1 (a) On the diagram, continue the rays of light to show how they are brought to a focus. [3] (b) The iris is the coloured part of the eye. It can become wider or narrower to regulate the amount of light that can reach the retina. The colour of the iris of a rabbit is determined by the rabbit’s genes. A rabbit with the genotype Bb or BB has brown eyes. A rabbit with the genotype bb has yellow eyes. (i) Use this information to help you to complete these sentences. Different forms of a gene, such as B and b, are called alleles. In rabbits, allele is dominant. The phenotype of a heterozygous rabbit is . The two possible homozygous genotypes are and . [3]

13 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Use a genetic diagram to explain how two rabbits with brown eyes may have young with yellow eyes. [3] (c) Occasionally, a mutation occurs in some of the cells of the iris, which may result in the iris becoming a different colour. (i) What is a mutation? [1] (ii) State one type of radiation which may cause mutation and explain how it does this. [2]

14 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 7 (a) A car has two headlight lamps. The lamps are connected in parallel with each other across a 12 V battery. (i) Complete the circuit diagram to show how the lamps are connected to the battery. Include a switch in your circuit to control the two lamps. [3] (ii) If one lamp fails, the other stays lit. Explain why this happens. [1] (b) The visible light given out by the lamps forms part of the electromagnetic spectrum. State one other form of electromagnetic radiation and give a use for it. electromagnetic radiation use [2]

15 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 7.1 shows a speaker for a car radio. ~ S N S vibration of paper cone alternating current permanent magnet Fig. 7.1 Explain why the cone of the speaker vibrates when an alternating current passes through the coil. [3] (d) Explain in terms of particles why adding more air to a car tyre increases the pressure in the tyre. [2]

16 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 8 The chemical symbol of the element lithium is shown below. Li 7 3 (a) (i) State the number of neutrons in the nucleus of this lithium atom. [1] (ii) State the number of electron shells (energy levels) in a lithium atom. [1] (iii) Lithium is obtained as the free element by electrolysis of molten lithium chloride, LiCl. Explain briefly why lithium ions travel to the cathode in this process. [2] (iv) Name the other product formed when lithium chloride is electrolysed. [1] (b) (i) When lithium burns in air, a white solid product is formed. Suggest the name of this white solid. [1]

17 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Lithium reacts with water according to the word equation below. lithium + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen Fire-fighters were called to put out burning lithium at a factory. Explain why fire-fighters must not use water to try to extinguish burning lithium. [2] (iii) Suggest how the fire-fighters could extinguish the burning lithium. [1]

18 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a tissue from a plant. The cells in this tissue do not photosynthesise. Fig. 9.2 shows some cells from an animal. Fig. 9.1 Fig. 9.2 (i) State one place in a plant that you would expect to find the cells shown in Fig. 9.1. [1] (ii) Use what you can see on the diagrams in Fig. 9.1 and Fig. 9.2 to describe two differences between a plant cell and an animal cell. 1. 2. [2] (iii) The plant cells in Fig. 9.1 do not photosynthesise. In the space below, draw a diagram of a plant cell from a leaf, which can photosynthesise. Label your diagram to show how this cell differs from the ones shown in Fig. 9.1. [3]

19 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) A gardener grows pepper plants in a glasshouse. She decides to add some nitrogen-containing fertiliser to make the plants grow faster and larger. (i) Suggest one compound which can be found in a fertiliser and which provides nitrogen to the plants in a form that they can use. [1] (ii) Explain why extra nitrogen can increase the growth of plants. [2] (c) Insects called whitefly begin to feed and reproduce on the pepper plants. The gardener puts some small wasps that feed on the whitefly into the glasshouse. (i) Use this information to construct a food chain. [2] (ii) Predict what will happen to the size of the whitefly population after the wasps have been put into the glasshouse. [1] (iii) Suggest why the gardener chose to use wasps to control the whitefly pests rather than using a pesticide. [2]

20 © UCLES 2005 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use 10 Fig. 10.1 shows the apparatus a student used to investigate the effect of strong heating on sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3. strong heat sodium hydrogencarbonate flask A tube B tube C limewater cold water water Fig. 10.1 Table 10.1 shows observations the student made before and after heating the sodium hydrogencarbonate for several minutes. Table 10.1 before heating after heating flask A white solid white solid tube B tube empty water has condensed tube C clear liquid liquid has become cloudy (a) (i) State two observations from Table 10.1 which show that a chemical reaction occurs when sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated. 1. 2. [2]

21 0654/02/O/N/05 For Examiner's Use (ii) The white solid which remains in flask A after heating is sodium carbonate. Complete the word equation for the effect of strong heating on sodium hydrogencarbonate. Do not write a symbolic equation. sodium hydrogencarbonate + + [2] (b) A sample of hard water is shaken with soap solution. Describe two observations which would show that the water is hard. [2]

23 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 0654/02/O/N/05 BLANK PAGE

24 0654/02/O/N/05 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the November 2005 question paper 0654/02 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/02 Paper 2, maximum 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the Examination. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. The minimum marks in these components needed for various grades were previously published with these mark schemes, but are now instead included in the Report on the Examination for this session. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the November 2005 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – November 2005 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 1 (a) (i) red; [1] (ii) violet; [1] (b) primary colours cannot be made by mixing colours together/secondary colours are made by mixing two primary colours together; primary – red/blue/green; secondary – cyan/magenta/yellow; [3] (c) (i) all except sound and ultrasound; [1] (ii) sound/ultrasound; [1] (iii) infra red; [1] (d) d = s x t = 1600 x 0.2 = 320 m; so distance = 160 m; [2] Total [10] 2 (a) (i) glucose; [1] (ii) C H and O circled; any missing or any extra loses the mark [1] (iii) symbols linked into chain or branched chain; [1] (b) 3; [1] (c) (i) covalent; [1] (ii) non-metallic elements bonding; [1] (d) membrane allows only certain molecules to pass through; water and toxins can pass through the membrane; other essential blood components do not pass through; max [2] Total [8]

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – November 2005 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 3 (a) A: vena cava; B: left atrium; [2] (b) label correctly placed; [1] (c) oxygen needed for respiration; supplies energy; for muscle contraction; max [2] (d) (i) chance is greater as she gets older; steady increase/use of figures; [2] (ii) it will halve her risk/decrease; [1] (iii) amount of exercise/amount of (saturated) fat in diet/being too fat/stress; [1] Total [9] 4 (a) (i) when the velocity of an object is increasing/changing; [1] (ii) less than 20N; overall downward force; [2] (b) (i) 20N; forces are balanced; [2] (ii) pressure = 20/0.4; = 50N/m2; [2] (c) (i) KE = 1/2 mv2; = 1/2 x 2 x 9; = 9J; [3] (ii) lost as heat to the surroundings; [1] Total [11]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – November 2005 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 5 (a) X high high; Y low low; [1] [1] (b) (i) iron; [1] (ii) magnesium is more reactive than titanium; [1] (iii) (hot) titanium would react with oxygen/would oxidise; (hot) titanium will not react with argon; argon is unreactive; max [2] (c) strong/much energy needed to break it; needs to bear the weight of a person/owtte; low density/lightweight; patient comfort/owtte; unreactive; must not corrode/breakdown/react in the body; (property + reason) max [4] Total [10] 6 (a) rays bend inwards at cornea; and at lens; come to a focus on the retina; [3] (b) (i) B; brown eyes; BB, bb; [3] (ii) parents are Bb and Bb; gametes B and b from both parents; offspring shown as BB, Bb, Bb (or bB) and bb; yellow-eyed offspring identified as bb; max [3] (c) (i) a change in, genes/chromosomes/DNA; [1] (ii) X-rays/alpha/beta/gamma/ultraviolet; damages DNA; [2] Total [12]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – November 2005 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 7 (a) (i) competed diagram ; ; ; minus one for each mistake - - - - [3] (ii) electricity can still flow through the other lamps; [1] (b) name; use; [2] (c) alternating current produces changing magnetic field; changing magnetic field attracts/repels permanent magnet; cone moves in and out; [3] (d) more particles; to collide with walls of container and increase pressure; [2] Total [11] 8 (a) (i) 4; [1] (ii) 2; [1] (iii) lithium forms positive ions/forms Li+; cathode is negative/cathode attracts positive ions; (metals form at the cathodes scores 1) [2] (iv) chlorine; [1] (b) (i) lithium oxide; (would also have to allow peroxide) [1] (ii) water reacts to form hydrogen; hydrogen is a flammable gas/hydrogen could cause explosion; max [2] (iii) use of dry powder/CO2; [1] Total [9]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – November 2005 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 9 (a) (i) surface of leaf/in onion (bulb); [1] (ii) plant cells have cell wall/animal cells have no cell wall; plant cells have (large) vacuole/animal cells have no vacuole; plant cells have regular shape/animal cells are more rounded; plant cells have nucleus at side/animal cells have central nucleus; max [2] (iii) rectangular cell shown; has cell wall and nucleus in appropriate place; chloroplasts shown and labelled; [3] (b) (i) ammonium salt/named nitrate; [1] (ii) needed for protein synthesis; proteins needed for, making new cells/enzymes/other named function; nitrogen may be in short supply; max [2] (c) (i) pepper plant → whitefly → wasp;; [2] (ii) it would decrease; [1] (iii) does less harm to other organisms; because the wasps, do not/may not, eat other insects; bees/other beneficial insects, can still live there; cheaper; only need to put them in once (rather than always spraying insecticide); max [2] Total [14] 10 (a) (i) appearance of water; limewater becoming cloudy/reactive gas formed; [2] (ii) → (sodium carbonate) + carbon dioxide; + water; [2] (b) difficulty in forming a lather; formation of scum; [2] Total [6]