Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2004 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 21 printed pages and 3 blank pages. SP (SLM/GR) S69770/3 © UCLES 2004 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/02 Paper 2 October/November 2004 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. Centre Number Candidate Number Name For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total If you have been given a label, look at the details. If any details are incorrect or missing, please fill in your correct details in the space given at the top of this page. Stick your personal label here, if provided. www.XtremePapers.com

2 0654/02/O/N/04 1 Fig. 1.1 shows some cells in part of a leaf. Fig. 1.1 (a) What name is given to a group of similar cells such as the palisade layer in a leaf? …[1] (b) On one of the cells in the diagram, label one feature, other than chloroplasts, which is present in plant cells but not in animal cells. [1] (c) Explain how the structure of the palisade cells enables them to carry out photosynthesis effectively. … … …[2] (d) Explain how the position of the palisade cells in the leaf enables plenty of light to reach them for photosynthesis. … … … …[2] palisade layer spongy layer chloroplasts For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

3 0654/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (e) A green, leafy plant is kept in a closed glass container in a laboratory. A student tests the air inside the container for carbon dioxide. She finds that during the day the concentration of carbon dioxide goes down. During the night the concentration of carbon dioxide goes up. Complete these sentences to explain why this happened. The carbon dioxide concentration went down during the day because … … … The carbon dioxide concentration went up during the night because … … …[3] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

4 0654/02/O/N/04 2 (a) A man drives his car from his home and reaches a slow constant speed. When he reaches the motorway, he accelerates and then travels at a high constant speed. As he leaves the motorway, he decelerates and stops. (i) On the axes below, sketch a speed-time graph for this journey. [3] (ii) Calculate the driver’s average speed in kilometres per hour (km/h), if he travels 50 km in 30 minutes. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working …km/h [2] (b) The car has a mass of 1000 kg and is travelling at 20 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the car. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working …J [2] 0 0 speed time For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

5 0654/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (c) The car has two headlamps and two rear lamps. All four lamps are connected in parallel with each other across a 12 V battery. (i) Complete the circuit diagram below to show how the four lamps are connected to the battery. Include one switch in your circuit that will control all four lamps. [2] (ii) If the filament in one lamp breaks, the other three stay lit. Explain why this happens. Refer to your circuit diagram if it helps your answer. … …[1] (iii) Each headlamp takes a current of 6 A and each rear lamp takes a current of 0.5 A. State the total current taken by all four lamps. …A [1] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

6 0654/02/O/N/04 3 Fig. 3.1 shows a bicycle. Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2 shows diagrams of particles in some of the materials shown in Fig. 3.1. Fig. 3.2 (a) State which diagram, A, B, C or D shows the arrangement of atoms in the air in the tyres, ………………………. the steel in the frame, ……………………….. an example of a giant structure. ……………………….. [3] A B C D chain lubricated with oil frame made of steel lamp containing battery tyre containing air For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

7 0654/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (b) The oil used to lubricate the chain contains hydrocarbon molecules. (i) State the raw material from which this oil is obtained. …[1] (ii) State one other important product that is separated from the raw material you have named in (i). …[1] (c) (i) The steel frame of the bicycle is painted to prevent it from rusting. Explain how painting prevents the frame from rusting. … … … …[2] (ii) The chain is also made of steel. Suggest why the chain does not have to be painted to prevent it from rusting. … …[1] (d) The lamp contains a battery which has to be replaced when it runs down. Explain briefly what has happened inside the battery when it has run down. … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

8 0654/02/O/N/04 4 Fig. 4.1 is a transverse section through a human eye. Fig. 4.1 (a) Name each of the parts labelled A, B and C. A … B … C … [3] (b) On the diagram, draw label lines to (i) the area where an image is focused, and label it F; [1] (ii) a part of the eye which prevents too much light from reaching the retina, and label it P. [1] (c) Describe how information from the eye is transmitted to the brain. … … …[2] A B C For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

9 0654/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (d) The eyes of snakes are not able to see in the dark. However, many snakes hunt for prey, such as small mammals, at night. Snakes have structures in their heads called pit organs, which can sense infra-red radiation. This helps them to locate their prey even when it is completely dark, because small mammals emit much more infra-red radiation than their surroundings. (i) State one way in which infra-red radiation differs from light. …[1] (ii) Suggest why mammals emit much more infra-red radiation than their surroundings. … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

10 0654/02/O/N/04 5 (a) Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon that emits beta radiation. (i) What is beta radiation? … …[1] (ii) Describe how you could show that radiation from a sample of carbon-14 is beta radiation. … …[2] (b) Fig. 5.1 shows how the radiation detected from a sample of carbon-14 would change with time. Fig. 5.1 Use the graph to calculate the half-life of carbon-14. Show your working on the graph. …years [2] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 counts per minute time / years For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

11 0654/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (c) Explain one way in which beta radiation can harm the human body. … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

12 0654/02/O/N/04 6 Table 6.1 shows the proportions of elements in the Earth’s crust. Table 6.1 (a) (i) Complete the table below which refers to the elements in Table 6.1. [3] (ii) State the symbol of the most common alkali metal in Table 6.1. …[1] (iii) Which two non-metallic elements in Table 6.1 form a compound that is the main raw material for making glass? …[2] (b) The most common non-metallic element in the Earth’s crust is oxygen. Explain why oxygen in the Earth’s crust occurs in solid materials, but in the atmosphere it occurs as a gas. … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004 element % by mass aluminium 7.50 barium 0.05 calcium 3.40 carbon 0.09 chlorine 0.19 chromium 0.03 fluorine 0.03 hydrogen 0.88 iron 4.70 magnesium 1.90 element % by mass manganese 0.08 nitrogen 0.03 oxygen 49.50 phosphorus 0.12 potassium 2.40 silicon 25.70 sodium 2.60 sulphur 0.05 titanium 0.58 all others 0.15 description name of element most common metal most common transition metal most common halogen

13 0654/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (c) Many of the elements shown in Table 6.1 may be present in igneous rocks which form following the eruption of a volcano. Some of these elements may eventually form part of the soil. (i) Describe briefly one natural process by which substances originally present in rocks can become part of the soil. … … … …[2] (ii) Explain why the presence in soil of substances originally from rock is important for plants. … …[1] (iii) What else needs to be present in soil in order to make it fertile? … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

14 0654/02/O/N/04 7 The male and female gametes of humans are sperms and eggs. (a) Name the parts of the human reproductive systems in which these gametes are produced. sperms … eggs …[2] (b) Sperms are much smaller than eggs. Suggest why it is an advantage for sperms to be small. … … …[2] (c) State one way in which both sperms and eggs are different from all the other cells in a human body. … …[1] (d) When a sperm fuses with an egg, a zygote is formed. The zygote divides repeatedly to produce a new organism. This organism has characteristics of both its parents. Explain how information about these characteristics is carried in the gametes. … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

15 0654/02/O/N/04 [Turn over 8 (a) Some of the activities below involve an energy transfer and some do not. Place a tick in the box at the side of those that involve an energy transfer. A lady pushing a supermarket trolley A boy riding a bicycle A bookcase supporting some books The weight of a car pushing down on the ground A gas flame heating some water [2] (b) When solid ice is heated, energy is transferred to the ice and it starts to melt. Describe what happens to the temperature of the mixture of ice and water while the ice is melting. … …[2] (c) Name a device which transfers energy from fuels to electricity in a power station. …[1] (d) Explain what is meant by the term efficiency in terms of energy transfer. … …[1] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

16 0654/02/O/N/04 9 Fig. 9.1 shows three athletes. ice skater skier marathon runner Fig. 9.1 All three athletes, with their clothing and equipment, have the same mass. (a) Which athlete exerts the least pressure on the ground? Explain your answer. … … …[2] (b) The marathon runner stands on both feet. He weighs 720 N and the area of each shoe in contact with the ground is 180 cm2. Calculate the pressure exerted by the marathon runner on the ground using the formula below. Show your working. pressure = working …N / cm2 [2] (c) Explain why the skier has to keep the undersides of her skis very smooth. … …[1] force area For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

17 0654/02/O/N/04 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (d) Fig. 9.2 shows two ice skaters standing still just before they start skating. The man has a mass of 75 kg and the woman has a mass of 50 kg. Fig. 9.2 The man and woman push each other and they begin to move apart in opposite directions across the ice. (i) How does the momentum of the man compare to the momentum of the woman as they move apart? Explain your answer. … … …[2] (ii) How does the velocity of the man compare to the velocity of the woman as they move apart? Explain your answer. … … …[2] © UCLES 2004

18 0654/02/O/N/04 10 Some acidic waste water is going to be discharged into a river. A chemist was asked to find out how much of an alkaline solution would be needed to neutralise 2000 dm3 of this water. In a laboratory experiment she added a dilute solution of an alkali to 100 cm3 samples of the waste water. The temperatures of both the waste water and the alkali before mixing were 20°C. In each case she measured the final temperature and pH of the mixture. Her results are shown in Table 10.1. Table 10.1 (a) (i) State and explain how the results show that the reaction was exothermic. … …[1] (ii) In one of these experiments not all of the acid was neutralised. State and explain which experiment this was. … … …[2] (iii) The chemist concluded that only in experiment 3 was the amount of alkali she added equal to the amount of acid in the sample of waste. Explain how the chemist was able to reach this conclusion. … … …[2] (iv) The total volume of the waste water was 2000 dm3. Calculate the volume of alkali needed to neutralise this volume of waste water. …[1] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004 experiment volume of acidic volume of temperature of pH of the number waste water /cm3 alkali /cm3 the mixture /°C mixture 1 100 300 27 13.7 2 100 250 28 13.2 3 100 200 29 7.0 4 100 150 28 1.0

19 0654/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (v) Suggest why it is important to add just the correct amount of alkali to the waste water rather than simply adding a large excess. … … …[2] (b) (i) Rivers are an important source of drinking water in many countries and it is important that they do not become polluted. Suggest one way that rivers can become polluted other than by the discharge from industries. … …[1] (ii) Describe briefly how harmful micro-organisms are removed from water before it is supplied to homes. … …[1] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

20 0654/02/O/N/04 11 Hog deer (Fig. 11.1) are herbivores which live in regions of Pakistan and India. They eat grass. Hog deer are killed and eaten by tigers. Fig. 11.1 (a) (i) Construct a food chain using the information above. [1] (ii) What do the arrows in your food chain represent? …[1] (iii) Name the producer in this food chain. …[1] (b) The stomach of a tiger produces the enzyme protease. However, tigers do not produce amylase. (i) Describe the function of protease. … …[2] (ii) Suggest why tigers do not produce amylase. … …[2] (c) Tigers and hog deer are mammals. Give one characteristic feature of mammals that is visible in Fig. 11.1. …[1] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

23 0654/02/O/N/04 BLANK PAGE University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

24 0654/02/O/N/04 Group DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 † 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series †90-103 Actinoid series

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the NOVEMBER 2004 question paper 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/02 Paper 2 Core (Theory), maximum raw mark 100 Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the November 2004 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Grade thresholds taken for Syllabus 0654 (Co-ordinated Sciences) in the November 2004 examination. minimum mark required for grade: maximum mark available A C E F Component 2 100 n/a 48 36 25 The threshold (minimum mark) for B is set halfway between those for Grades A and C. The threshold (minimum mark) for D is set halfway between those for Grades C and E. The threshold (minimum mark) for G is set as many marks below the F threshold as the E threshold is above it. Grade A* does not exist at the level of an individual component.

November 2004 INTERNATIONAL GCSE MARK SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 100 SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 0654/02 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES Paper 1 Core (Theory)

Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 1 (a) tissue [1] (b) label line to cell wall or vacuole and name [1] (c) chloroplasts; which contain chlorophyll; (chlorophyll) absorbs sunlight max [2] (d) near the (upper) surface of the leaf; only one layer/epidermis above them; epidermis cells have no chloroplasts; cells are arranged upright/vertically; so light does not have to pass through several cell walls; max [2] (e) down the plant is photosynthesizing; faster than it is respiring; using carbon dioxide (from the air) up the plant is respiring releasing carbon dioxide (into the air) [max 3] Total 9 2 (a) (i) six points to look for see grid below;;; [3] (ii) speed = distance/time etc; speed =100(km/hr); [2]

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (b) KE = ½ mv2 = 0.5 x 1000 x 400 = 200 000(J) [2] (c) (i) all four lamps in parallel; switch in correct place; [2] (ii) there is still a complete circuit for the other bulbs [1] (iii) 13(A) [1] Total 11 3 (a) C; A; A; [3] (b) (i) petroleum/crude oil; [1] (ii) named primary product from fractional distillation [1] (c) (i) barrier; prevents air/oxygen and water; from reacting with steel/iron; max [2] (ii) reference to oil as a barrier (to air and water); [1] (d) a chemical reaction occurs in the battery; (the reaction) provides electricity; reacting chemicals are used up/not a reversible reaction; max [2] Total 10 4 (a) A lens; B vitreous humour; C choroids layer; [3] (b) (i) label line F to retina; [1] (ii) lable line P to iris; [1] (c) as electrical signal/electrical impulse/action potential; along a neurone; in the optic nerve; max [2] (d) (i) different/longer wavelength; [1] (ii) they are warmer (than their surroundings); they regulate their body temperature/they are homeothermic; heat generated by metabolic reactions/respiration/muscle activity; max [2] Total 10

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 5 (a) (i) consists of electrons; [1] (ii) pass radiation between oppositely charged plates; attracted to positive plate; passes through paper, absorbed by aluminium; max [2] (b) evidence of working; 6000 years; [2] (c) damages/ionizes cells/DNA; causes cancer/leukaemia; [2] Total 7 6 (a) (i) description name of element most common metal aluminium most common transition metal iron most common halogen chlorine [3] (ii) Na; [1] (iii) silicon; oxygen; [2] (b) oxygen in air is free element/exists as oxygen moleculres/O2 simple molecules; oxygen in earth exists in compounds/as oxides/in giant structures; [2] (c) (i) reference to weathering/erosion; description of a weathering process; [2] (ii) provision of minerals/trace elements; [1] (iii) air; organic material/humus; water; correct named substance; max [2] Total13 7 (a) testes; ovaries; [2] (b) they have to move/swim; if smaller then they use less energy; [2] (c) they have only 23 chromosomes/they have half the usual number of chromosomes/they are haploid; [1]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (d) on chromosomes; in the nucleus; in genes; made of DNA; max [2] Total 7 8 (a) yes; yes; no; no; yes; all correct [2] [four correct [1]] (b) stays the same; at 0oC; [2] (c) generator; [1] (d) measure of energy output to energy input/useful energy; [1] Total 6 9 (a) skier; greater area in contact with ground; [2] (b) pressure = 720/360; = 2 N/cm2; [2] (c) reduce friction; [1] (d) (i) the same; momentum is conserved; [2] (ii) speed of woman greater than that of man; momentum = mass x velocity; ration of 3:2; max [2] Total 9 10 (a) (i) exothermic means reaction gives out heat/reference to increased temperature from 200C; [1] (ii) experiment 4; mixture is (still) acidic/pH is below 7/is 1; [2] (iii) pH is 7/mixture is neutral; (this only happens) when amounts of acid and alkali are equal; [2] (iv) 4000 dm3; [1] (v) this would not produce a neutral mixture/mixture would be alkaline; alkaline solution causes pollution; [2]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0654 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (b) (i) run-off from agricultural land may contain pollutants; illegal dumping; max [1] (ii) chlorination/use of ozone; [1] Total 10 11 (a) (i) grass
hog deer
tiger; [1] (ii) energy (transfer); [1] (iii) grass; [1] (b) (i) digest proteins; to amino acids/polypeptides; [2] (ii) amylase digests starch; no starch in tiger’s diet/meat does not contain starch/starch only found in plants; [2] (c) hair/fur; [1] Total 8