Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2003 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page. SP (NF/SLC) S41644/2 © CIE 2003 [Turn over CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/02 Paper 2 October/November 2003 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20. Centre Number Candidate Number Name If you have been given a label, look at the details. If any details are incorrect or missing, please fill in your correct details in the space given at the top of this page. Stick your personal label here, if provided. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 0654/02/O/N/03 1 Fig. 1.1 shows some cells that are found in the lining of the trachea (windpipe). Fig. 1.1 (a) (i) Name the parts of cell Y that are labelled A and B. A … B … [2] (ii) How can you tell that cell Y is an animal cell and not a plant cell? … …[2] (b) Describe the function of cell X. … … …[2] (c) When a person smokes a cigarette, the cilia stop working. Explain how this can affect the smoker’s breathing system. … … … …[3] A B cell Y cell X cilia For Examiner’s Use

3 0654/02/O/N/03 [Turn over 2 Fig. 2.1 shows an electrical circuit set up to measure the current going through a lamp and the voltage across it. Fig. 2.1 (a) Draw the circuit diagram for the apparatus used in this experiment. [3] (b) State one way to increase the current in this circuit. …[1] (c) If the resistance of the variable resistor is increased, state and explain what happens to (i) the voltmeter reading, … … (ii) the ammeter reading, … … (iii) the brightness of the lamp. … … [3] A V ammeter voltmeter cells lamp switch variable resistor For Examiner’s Use

4 0654/02/O/N/03 3 (a) Many metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid. A general word equation for the reaction is shown below. metal + hydrochloric acid →metal chloride + hydrogen (i) Describe the test for hydrogen. … …[2] (ii) The apparatus shown in Fig. 3.1 can be used to investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and a metal. To start the reaction, the flask is tilted to mix the reactants. Fig. 3.1 Describe how the apparatus could be used to compare the rates of reaction between hydrochloric acid and two metals A and B. … … … … … …[3] flask hydrochloric acid measuring cylinder full of water metal For Examiner’s Use

5 0654/02/O/N/03 [Turn over (b) The metals shown below are listed in order of their chemical reactivity. magnesium (most reactive) zinc iron tin copper A student carried out an experiment to investigate rusting of iron nails. He joined small pieces of different metals to identical iron nails and placed the nails in open test-tubes which contained a little water. The observations that the student made some days later are shown in Fig. 3.2. Fig. 3.2 What conclusions could the student draw from these observations? … … … …[2] water none (control) metal joined to nail tin magnesium zinc copper slight rust observation heavy rust no rust no rust heavy rust For Examiner’s Use

6 0654/02/O/N/03 4 (a) A bat locates a moth by emitting a pulse of ultrasound as shown in Fig. 4.1. The pulse takes 0.2 seconds to reach the moth and return to the bat after reflection. The speed of ultrasound waves in air is 330 m / s. Fig. 4.1 (i) Calculate the distance between the moth and the bat. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working …m [3] (ii) Ultrasound waves travel through the air like sound waves. Explain how these waves travel. … … …[2] bat ear moth mouth For Examiner’s Use

7 0654/02/O/N/03 [Turn over (iii) Ultrasound waves from a bat have the same amplitude as the sound wave shown on the oscilloscope trace in Fig. 4.2, but a higher frequency. Fig. 4.2 On Fig. 4.3, sketch the trace that would be produced by the ultrasound waves from a bat. [2] Fig. 4.3 (b) A locust of mass 2.5 g jumps at a speed of 3 m / s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the locust at this moment. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working …J [3] For Examiner’s Use

8 0654/02/O/N/03 5 Whenever a person eats food, small amounts of the food are left on and between the teeth. Bacteria in the mouth feed on this, producing acids. (a) Fig. 5.1 shows the pH in a boy’s mouth from the time that he got up to when he went to bed. Fig. 5.1 (i) What is the normal pH in the boy’s mouth? … [1] (ii) Explain why the pH dropped just after midday. … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use 0700 4 5 6 7 8 0900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 pH time of day breakfast midday meal evening meal

9 0654/02/O/N/03 [Turn over (iii) Toothpastes contain a weak alkali. On Fig. 5.1, draw a line to show what the pH in the mouth might be between 08:00 and 12:00 if the boy had cleaned his teeth immediately after breakfast. [1] (iv) With reference to Fig. 5.1 and your own knowledge, explain how cleaning your teeth can prevent tooth decay. … … … …[3] (b) Fig. 5.2 shows the teeth on one side of a person’s lower jaw. Fig. 5.2 (i) On Fig. 5.2, label an incisor tooth. [1] (ii) Describe the function of the teeth labelled X. … … …[2] (iii) Tooth decay is more common in the teeth labelled X than in other teeth. Suggest why this is so. … … …[2] X For Examiner’s Use

10 0654/02/O/N/03 6 Silicon is an important element used to make microchips for electronic devices. Silicon is obtained from silicon dioxide, SiO2, found in the Earth’s crust. (a) (i) Name a non-metallic element in the same period of the Periodic Table as silicon. …[1] (ii) Name a metallic element in the same group of the Periodic Table as silicon. …[1] (iii) State the number of electrons in the outer shell of a silicon atom. Explain how you obtained your answer. … … …[2] (b) Glass is made by melting a mixture of silicon dioxide and metal oxides. Two mixtures, A and B, used to make glass are shown below. (i) Suggest and explain a visible difference in the appearance of the two types of glass made from these mixtures. … … …[2] (ii) Underline two phrases in the following list that correctly describe the structure of glass. disorderly arrangement of atoms atoms regularly arranged simple molecules giant structure [2] For Examiner’s Use mixture A mixture B silicon dioxide silicon dioxide calcium oxide calcium oxide sodium oxide sodium oxide iron oxide

11 0654/02/O/N/03 [Turn over (c) The raw materials used to make glass have to be extracted from the Earth. In some countries much waste glass is re-cycled. Fig. 6.1 shows some information about the energy needed to produce one kilogram of new glass. Fig. 6.1 Suggest two advantages of re-cycling waste glass. 1 … … 2 … …[2] collection, processing and delivery of re-cycled glass energy needed 500 kJ / kg new glass glass-making extraction, processing and delivery of raw materials energy needed 4500 kJ / kg For Examiner’s Use

12 0654/02/O/N/03 7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows what happens to rays of white light that are shone at two objects, A and B. Fig. 7.1 Suggest what objects A and B might be. Explain your answers. A … … … B … … …[4] (b) Fig. 7.2 shows a ray of light entering an optical fibre. Complete the diagram in Fig. 7.2 to show what happens to the ray. [3] Fig. 7.2 op ti c al fi br e ray of light B A For Examiner’s Use

13 0654/02/O/N/03 [Turn over 8 To the people of ancient Greece the word element meant earth, air, fire or water. (a) (i) Which of the ancient Greek “elements” would be described today as a compound, … a gaseous mixture, … evidence of a chemical reaction? … [3] (ii) Use an example of your choice to explain the meaning of the term element as it is used in modern Chemistry. example … meaning … … …[2] (b) The people of ancient Greece used the word atom to describe a tiny particle that could not be broken into anything smaller. Fig. 8.1 shows a diagram of an atom as it is understood today. Fig. 8.1 (i) Name the particles present in part A. …[2] (ii) Name the particle represented by the symbol X …[1] (iii) Describe briefly what happens when the atom shown in Fig. 8.1 changes into an ion. … …[1] A For Examiner’s Use

14 0654/02/O/N/03 9 (a) Complete the word equation for photosynthesis. + → + [2] (b) Describe the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis. … … …[2] (c) Some of the substances that are made in photosynthesis are converted into a sugar called sucrose. The sucrose is transported around the plant. (i) Name the tissue in which sucrose is transported in the plant. …[1] (ii) Some of the sucrose is transported to the flowers of the plant. Suggest and explain one reason why flowers need sugar. … … …[2] (d) (i) With reference to the photosynthesis equation in (a), explain why deforestation could contribute to global warming. … … … … …[3] (ii) Describe one other way in which deforestation can endanger living organisms. … … …[2] carbon dioxide For Examiner’s Use

15 0654/02/O/N/03 [Turn over BLANK PAGE Turn over for Question 10

16 0654/02/O/N/03 10 A skier is pulled up a mountain slope by a cable as shown in Fig. 10.1. Fig. 10.1 (a) The skier weighs 650 N. She travels 100 m along the slope and rises a vertical height of 50 m. (i) Calculate the work done in lifting the skier to the top of the slope. You should ignore work done against friction. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working …J [3] (ii) What form of energy did the skier gain by travelling to the top of the slope? …[1] 50m 100m cable skier pulley For Examiner’s Use

17 0654/02/O/N/03 [Turn over (b) Skiers use a stick in each hand to help control their motion. The sticks work best when they only go a few centimetres into the snow. Fig. 10.2 shows a skier using ski sticks. Fig. 10.2 Explain, using the terms pressure, force and area, (i) why the ski stick has a pointed end, … … …[2] (ii) why the stick has a disc a few centimetres above the pointed end. … … …[2] (c) Why does the skier keep the lower surface of her skis smooth and well polished? … …[1] disc point For Examiner’s Use

18 0654/02/O/N/03 11 Limestone is a rock containing calcium carbonate. Limestone may suffer both physical and chemical weathering. (a) Describe one process that causes the physical weathering of limestone. … … …[2] (b) Rainwater reacts with limestone to form a solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate. This causes the water to become hard. (i) State two disadvantages of hard water. 1 … … 2 … …[2] (ii) State one method of softening hard water containing calcium hydrogencarbonate. … …[1] (c) Fig. 11.1 shows a simplified diagram of a lime kiln which is used to convert calcium carbonate into calcium oxide. Fig. 11.1 calcium carbonate (limestone) very hot air calcium oxide For Examiner’s Use

19 0654/02/O/N/03 The balanced equation for the reaction in the lime kiln is CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 (i) Name the type of chemical reaction that produces calcium oxide in the lime kiln. …[1] (ii) Describe briefly how dilute hydrochloric acid could be used to show that a rock contains a carbonate. … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use

20 0654/02/O/N/03 Group DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 † 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series †90-103 Actinoid series