Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2012 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 8 printed pages, 3 lined pages and 1 blank page. DC (SM) 48717/3 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 1 6 2 4 4 9 5 9 7 2 * CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 October/November 2012 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A and Section B Answer all questions. Section C Answer one question. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section C Total

2 0637/01/O/N/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use Section A Answer all questions. 1 The placenta is vital to the development of a baby in the womb/uterus. (a) When is the placenta formed? … …[1] (b) Give two functions of the placenta. 1 … 2 …[2] 2 Explain how the sex of a baby is determined at conception for: (a) a boy … …[2] (b) a girl … …[2] 3 (a) What is the ideal temperature for a baby’s bedroom? …[1] (b) What is meant by hypothermia? … …[1] (c) List four benefits of fresh air and sunlight to a baby. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 …[4]

3 0637/01/O/N/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 4 List four ways in which adults can help children to learn. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 …[4] 5 (a) Explain the term Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. … …[1] (b) List three ways to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. 1 … 2 … 3 …[3] 6 List four alternative methods of pain relief in labour instead of using drugs. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 …[4] 7 Explain how to treat: (a) A baby who is choking. … … …[3] (b) An older child who is choking. … …[2] [Total: 30 marks]

4 0637/01/O/N/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use Section B Answer all questions. 8 (a) Explain what is meant by: (i) Gross motor skills … … (ii) Fine motor skills … …[4] (b) A baby is born with reflex actions. Name and describe four of these. (i) Reflex action … Description … … … (ii) Reflex action … Description … … … (iii) Reflex action … Description … … … (iv) Reflex action … Description … … …[12]

5 0637/01/O/N/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (c) Why are these reflexes necessary? … …[1] (d) At approximately what age do most of these reflexes completely disappear? …[1] (e) Explain what replaces these reflexes. … …[1] (f) (i) At what stage should a parent start to clean a babies teeth? …[1] (ii) Why is this necessary? … …[1] (iii) Explain how a good diet could help the babies teeth stay healthy. … … … …[4]

6 0637/01/O/N/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use 9 (a) Complete the chart below and name six important contents of a first-aid box for the home, and give a use for each. Item Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 [12] (b) List seven reasons when it would be necessary to seek urgent medical treatment for a baby. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …[7]

7 0637/01/O/N/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (c) Suggest three safety features and their purpose, which helps to protect children when they are in the kitchen. (i) Feature … Purpose … (ii) Feature … Purpose … (iii) Feature … Purpose …[6] [Total: 50 marks]

8 0637/01/O/N/12 © UCLES 2012 Section C Answer either 10 (a) or 10 (b) of this question. Write your answer on the following pages. 10 (a) (i) Discuss the factors that affect the decision to start a family. (ii) Explain the changes that having children may have on the life of the parents. [Total: 20 marks] OR (b) (i) Discuss the advantages of breast feeding. (ii) Explain how to prevent the risk of infection when bottle feeding. [Total: 20 marks]

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12 0637/01/O/N/12 © UCLES 2012 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2012 series 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1, maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2012 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2012 0637 01 © Cambridge International Examinations 2012 Section A 1 (a) Fully formed at 12 weeks [1] (b) Any two from:– • To enable baby to feed • To enable baby to breathe • To excrete waste matter • Passes antibodies from the mother to give baby some resistance to infection • Acts as a barrier against harmful substances • Links blood supply of mother to baby • Hormones to maintain pregnancy • etc. [2] 2 (a) A boy is conceived when an X sex chromosome from the female egg is fertilised by a sperm containing a Y chromosome. [2] (b) A girl is conceived when an X sex chromosome from the female in an egg is fertilised by a male sperm containing an X chromosome. [2] 3 (a) 16 – 20°C [1] (b) Low body heat [1] (c) Any four from:– • Makes the baby lively • Improves appetite • Makes cheeks a healthy colour • Helps them to sleep at night • Sun's ultraviolet rays kills bacteria • Sun helps body to produce Vitamin D [4]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2012 0637 01 © Cambridge International Examinations 2012 4 Any four from:– • Adults provide plenty of opportunities to learn new skills and back up learning of a particular stage • Give support and encouragement without interrupting play • Help the child understanding what they see, hear etc. • Explain what is happening and let them help in planning activities • Help them remember what has happened and what may happen • Set a good example for the child • Talk to them • Model behaviour • Guide them • Set boundaries • etc. [4] 5 (a) When a baby dies suddenly, unexpectedly [1] (b) Any three from:– • Lay babies on their backs • Keep babies away from tobacco smoke • Prevent babies becoming over hot • Breast-feed • If baby is unwell get medical advice • Place babies feet to foot of cot • No pillow until two years old • Do not share a bed with a young baby • Do not use second-hand mattress • etc. [3] 6 Any four from:– • TENS • Herbal remedies • Aromatherapy • Acupuncture • Water birth • Breathing and massage • Homeopathy • etc. [4]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2012 0637 01 © Cambridge International Examinations 2012 7 (a) • Lay baby along your forearm • Give five sharp pats on babies back • Keep babies head low and support the chin • etc. [3] (b) • Bend child over your knees • Give five sharp slaps between child's shoulder blades • Encourage child to cough • etc. [2] [Total: 30]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2012 0637 01 © Cambridge International Examinations 2012 Section B 8 (a) Gross motor skills: – • Use of large muscles e.g. arms, legs, hips and back • Used when sitting, walking, catching, climbing etc. [2] Fine motor skills: – • Coordination of smaller muscles of hands and fingers • Used when pointing, drawing, fastening buttons, writing, using a knife and fork etc. [2] (b) One mark for each reflex, two marks for each description. • Swallowing and sucking reflex • Rooting reflex • Grasp reflex • Walking reflex • Startle reflex • Falling / Moro reflex (4 x (1 + 2) [12] (c) Some reflexes are necessary for the survival of the baby – sucking, swallowing etc. [1] (d) At three months [1] (e) These reflexes are replaced by actions the baby has to learn etc. [1] (f) (i) When tooth appears [1] (ii) Plaque forms [1] (iii) • Minerals / names • Vitamin / names • Reason why these are needed • Crunchy things to eat • etc. [4]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2012 0637 01 © Cambridge International Examinations 2012 9 (a) Six items must be appropriate, one mark each. One mark for appropriate use of each Possible items: – • Antiseptic wipes • Plasters • Gauze dressing • Bandages • Adhesive tape • Safety pins • Scissors • Crepe bandage • Triangular bandage • Tweezers • Eye dropper or eye bath • Sterile eye pads • Calamine lotion • Anti-sting cream • Plastic gloves • Disposable bag etc. (6 x (1 + 1) [12] (b) Reasons could include: – • Severe bleeding – especially bleeding from head / ears. • Severe burns covering an area of skin 4 cm square. • Severe blow to the head when it leads to unconsciousness, fit or convulsion. • Severe diarrhoea or vomiting especially in a baby. • Broken bone. • Electric shock. • Swallowing poison, button, battery, safety pin etc. [7] (c) Three features and three appropriate reasons required e.g. • Cooker guard • Socket covers • Cupboard locks • Floor liner • Curly / short cables • Control catches • Safety glass in door • Rounded edges etc. (3 x (1+ 1) [6] [Total: 50]

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2012 0637 01 © Cambridge International Examinations 2012 Section C Answer one question. Answer (a) or (b) of this question 13–20 marks – High response – each section answered fully 7–12 marks – Medium response – each part attempted or parts answered in detail 0–6 marks – Low level response – answers lack detail or brief responses 10 (a) (i) Each factor must be discussed. Parents should have a stable relationship, so that they can talk and face worries together etc. Career implications, one parent would need a career break or maternity leave. Financial implications. Parental age – this should not be the reason to start a family – both parents want a baby – this would prevent one parent resenting the other etc. The needs of a baby, physical, social and environmental. (ii) Points should be explained not just a list. Children are hard work; they require 24 hour care every day, regardless of parent's tiredness etc. May give life more purpose. Parental responsibility lasts for many years, not just when they are babies. This can become more difficult as the child becomes an adolescent and parents age. Sacrifices of both money and time are required, even if this is in conflict with parent's requirements etc. Parents cannot enjoy the freedom they enjoyed before the birth, but they do have a new pleasurable interest etc. Parents can gain much pleasure and satisfaction if they are prepared to give time and energy to bringing up the child etc. [20]

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2012 0637 01 © Cambridge International Examinations 2012 (b) (i) Answer must not be a list, points should be discussed. Points to be discussed should include: – Breast feeding is safe – less likely to contain harmful bacteria than when bottle fed. It is easy – always available and at the correct temperature. It does not usually cause indigestion (depending on mother's diet). Breast milk contains antibodies, which in first few months, when baby has low resistance to infection, help to reduce infection. Baby is less likely to become overweight as breast milk is at correct consistency. Also less likely to be constipated, get nappy rash and less likely to develop asthma and eczema. Breast milk is cheaper, no need to buy bottles, sterilisers and milk. The bond of attachment is strong because of closeness and time spent with baby etc. (ii) An explanation is required, not a list. Points to include are as follows: – A mother must wash hands thoroughly before feeding, before and after sterilising and before making up feed, to prevent bacteria on hands getting into the food chain etc. Bottles, teats and caps must be washed thoroughly in hot soapy water using a bottle brush. They then must be sterilised. There are four ways to sterilise: – • A chemical steriliser (explain how it kills bacteria) • A steam steriliser (explain how it kills bacteria) • A microwave steriliser (explain how it kills bacteria) • By boiling (explain how it kills bacteria) When using a chemical steriliser, it must be rinsed with boiling water to remove chemicals. Bottle should then be made up, teat put on and protect from bacteria in the air by placing a cap over it. Bottles should not be made up too far in advance to prevent any bacteria from multiplying etc. [20] [Total: 100]