Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2012 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 8 printed pages, 3 lined pages and 1 blank page. DC (SM) 48715/1 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 9 0 2 7 2 5 8 3 1 3 * CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 May/June 2012 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A and Section B Answer all questions. Section C Answer one question. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section C Total

2 0637/01/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use Section A Answer all questions. 1 Explain the functions of the following as part of a support system for a growing baby. (a) Umbilical cord … … (b) Amniotic fluid … … (c) Placenta … …[6] 2 Describe the three stages of labour. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … …[3] 3 Explain how you would treat a young child for each of the following. 1 A minor cut. … … 2 A nose bleed. … … 3 A minor burn. … …[6]

3 0637/01/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 4 List five factors in the growth and development of a baby which may be influenced by genes. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 …[5] 5 (a) What is meant by weaning? … …[2] (b) List three signs that show a baby is ready to be weaned. 1 … 2 … 3 …[3] 6 List five reasons for the routine blood test on a pregnant woman. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 …[5] [Total: 30 marks]

4 0637/01/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use Section B Answer all questions. 7 (a) Food poisoning can be very serious for babies and young children. Explain six ways to prevent food poisoning when storing and preparing food. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … 4 … … 5 … … 6 … …[12]

5 0637/01/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) It is important to make both the inside and outside of the home safe for children. Describe three ways how to make each of the following areas safe. Bedroom 1 … … 2 … … 3 … …[3] Stairs 1 … … 2 … … 3 … …[3] Out of doors 1 … … 2 … … 3 … …[3] (c) Discuss why exercise and a good diet are important for young children. … … … …[4]

6 0637/01/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use 8 (a) List five advantages of using disposable nappies. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 …[5] (b) Give two disadvantages of using disposable nappies. 1 … … 2 … …[2] (c) Explain four features to look for when buying clothes for a baby. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … 4 … …[8]

7 0637/01/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (d) (i) At what stage of development will a child need shoes? …[1] (ii) Give one reason why it could be advisable to wear shoes. …[1] (e) List four points with reasons that should be checked when buying shoes for a young child. 1 Point … Reason … 2 Point … Reason … 3 Point … Reason … 4 Point … Reason …[8] [Total: 50 marks]

8 0637/01/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 Section C Answer either 9(a) or 9(b) of this question. Write your answer on the following pages. 9 (a) Play gives a child pleasure and is an important part of development. (i) Explain why play is important for the development of a child. (ii) Suggest the points to consider when choosing toys to encourage the physical development of a child. [Total: 20 marks] OR (b) (i) Explain what is meant by a pre-school group. (ii) Describe which children would most benefit from this. (iii) Discuss how a child could benefit from attending a pre-school group. [Total: 20 marks]

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12 0637/01/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2012 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 (Theory Paper), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2012 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses.

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 Section A 1 (a) Umbilical cord. • Links baby with placenta • Contains blood vessels • Takes away waste from baby • Carries nutrients • etc. [Any 2 for 2 marks] (b) Amniotic fluid. • Enables foetus to float freely in early stages • Allows limbs to stretch and flex • Keeps constant temperature 37°C or body temperature • To protect foetus/acts as a cushion. • etc. [Any 2 for 2 marks] (c) Placenta. • Conveys nutrients to the baby • Supplies oxygen • Gets rid of waste • etc. [Any 2 for 2 marks] 2 (1) The neck of the uterus opens (2) The baby passes through the birth canal (3) The baby becomes a separate person. Membranes, cord, placenta delivered [3] 3 Minor cut. (Any two points from each) • Wash with clean water • Dry by patting with clean cloth • Cover with a dry dressing and bandage A nose bleed • Sit upright • Pinch soft part of nose for about ten minutes • Repeat if necessary • Take to hospital if bleeding does not stop A minor burn • Hold burn area under running cold water/bowl of cold water containing ice cubes • Carry out either of the above for ten minutes. • Pat dry • Cover with gauze dressing • etc. [3 × 2 = 6 marks]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 4 Any five from: • Shape of the body • Colour of skin, hair and eyes • Blood group • The age teeth appear • Size of hands and feet • The maximum height to which a child grows • etc. [5 marks] 5 (a) Weaning: gradual changeover/from diet of milk to diet containing a variety both solid and liquid. [2 marks] (b) Any three from: • Still seems hungry and restless after a feed • Wakes early/before the next feed/is ready for the next feed • Starts to suck fist • Baby is getting bigger and developing fast • Baby is showing an interest in food [3 marks] 6 Any five from: • Anaemia • Blood group • Rhesus factor • Immunity to rubella • Hepatitis B • HIV • etc. [5 marks] [Total: 30]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 Section B 7 (a) Six explained points required, at least two on each area. • Keep food cold – to slow down the rate of bacterial growth • Keep food covered – to protect from dust, dirt and flies • Wash hands thoroughly and dry on a clean towel – to stop bacteria being transferred to the food • Keep kitchen clean – to stop bacteria on surfaces getting into the food • Do not sneeze or cough over food – to stop bacteria from nose and throat getting into the food • Cover cuts etc. – bacteria in wound will not get into the food • Do not lick fingers or smoke – to prevent bacteria from fingers or ash getting into the food • Keep raw meat separate – e.g. chicken may contain food poisoning bacteria which could get into cooked food • Cook food thoroughly – food must be cooked right through to make sure all bacteria are killed • Check dates on food – to be aware when foods are safe to eat • etc. [6 × 2 = 12 marks] (b) Bedroom. Any three from: • Put safety catches on windows • Use lockable tilt and turn windows • Have good lighting • Good storage space to avoid clutter • Keep tables, chairs and beds away from windows etc. [3 marks] Stairs. Any three from: • Safety gates at top and bottom • Secure carpet • Good clear lighting • Check for wear and tear on floor covering • Do not leave anything on stairs etc. [3 marks] Out of doors. Any three from: • Remove poisonous plants etc. • Cover ponds etc. • Check fences for gaps • Keep tools and chemicals locked up • Secure rubbish bins etc. • Keep toys in good condition, secure climbing frames etc. • Place swings etc. on a soft surface [3 marks]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 (c) At least one point for each area: Exercise • Strengthens and develops muscles • Helps to prevent obesity • Helps to sleep soundly at night • etc. Good diet • Correct amount of nutrients for correct development • Low fat • Low sugar • Low salt [4 marks] 8 (a) Any five from: • Quick and easy to use • Comes in various sizes to fit the baby • Available for day and night • Comfortable, stretch waist • Easy to fasten • Helps to prevent nappy rash • Waterproof outer • Can be recycled • Simple to dispose of, just throw away etc. [5 marks] (b) Two required • Expensive • Not environmentally friendly • Disposal problems in home/society • etc. [2 marks] (c) A discussion required, points should include: • Loose and comfortable • Easy to put on and take off • Easy to wash and dry • Lightweight, soft and warm/cool • Non-irritant • Porous • Flame resistant • No long ties/loose attachments • etc. 8 marks available – discussion should contain four points to gain full marks. (d) Child needs shoes when they start to walk/protect feet against damage or to keep them warm/dry. [1 + 1 = 2 marks]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 (e) Seven points required: • A low heel – to stop foot sliding forward • A firm fitting heel – to support heel • Light and flexible soles – to allow foot to move when walking • Flexible uppers – so foot can bend • Adjustable fastening – to give a good fit • Room for growth – children's feet grow quickly and this prevents squashed toes • Be wide enough – to allow toes to move • Smooth inside – no hard seams that could dig into feet – can allow correct development of feet etc. Four points with reasons required. [4 + 4 = 8 marks] [Total: 50]

Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 Section C Either part (a) or part (b) 13–20 marks – High response – each section answered fully 7–12 marks – Medium response – each part attempted or parts answered in detail 0–6 marks – Low level response – answers lack detail or brief responses. 9 (a) (i) Answers may include in discussion some of the following – a list would not gain full marks Through play children are allowed to: • Discover • Experiment • Create • Concentrate • Express ideas • Develop speech • Develop muscles • Invent • Learn new skills • Learn how to share • Role-play • Cooperate with others Play prevents boredom reduces stress Play diverts aggressive instincts (ii) This should not be a list. Clear suggestions should be given. Points relating to physical development include: • Right age for child • Strong enough to play with • Provide more than a temporary interest/appealing • Safe to play with/meets safety standards • Sufficient room for safe play • Suitable safe position for e.g. climbing frame, trampoline etc. • Suitable safe construction • Suitable safe materials • etc.

Page 8 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 (b) (i) Pre-school groups includes • Playgroups • Nursery schools • Nursery classes • Parent and toddler groups • Church/religious groups Takes place outside home so child meets a wider group of people etc. (ii) Description of each required. • Only child • Child who has little chance to play with children of own age • Children who live in a small flat • Children who live in high rise buildings • Children whose parents have difficulty in managing • Children who do not have many toys at home • Children from overcrowded homes • Neglected children etc. (iii) • Socialisation • Independence • Language • Physical development • etc. [Total: 20]