Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2011 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 9 printed pages, 2 lined pages and 1 blank page. DC (CB (NB)) 32998/2 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 0 8 9 1 8 6 3 0 0 0 * CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 October/November 2011 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A and Section B Answer all questions. Section C Answer one question. Write your answers in the space provided on the Question Paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section C Total

2 0637/01/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use Section A Answer all questions. 1 (a) How long is the menstrual cycle? … (b) On which day does ovulation take place? … (c) Where are the eggs produced? … (d) Where does fertilisation take place? … [4] 2 (a) During pregnancy small amounts of blood are taken by a doctor or nurse from the mother. List four checks that are carried out on this blood. (i) … (ii) … (iii) … (iv) … [4] (b) Urine tests are also carried out regularly. State two reasons why this is necessary. (i) … (ii) … [2]

3 0637/01/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 3 There are three stages in labour. (a) Identify the three stages. Stage 1 … Stage 2 … Stage 3 … [3] (b) Explain three ways the mother will know when stage 1 of the labour has started. (i) … … (ii) … … (iii) … … [3] 4 List four methods of pain relief during labour. (i) … (ii) … (iii) … (iv) … [4]

4 0637/01/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 5 (a) State four ways cows’ milk is different from human milk. (i) … (ii) … (iii) … (iv) … [4] (b) Give two important rules when bottle feeding a young baby. (i) … … (ii) … … [2] 6 Explain two safety features to check when buying a cot. (i) … … … (ii) … … … [4] [Total: 30 marks]

5 0637/01/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use Section B Answer all questions. 7 The environment (physical and social) in which the child grows up has an effect on emotional development. (a) Explain how the following affect emotional development. The home… … … Guidance from parents or carers … … … [4] (b) Describe how to help a child overcome shyness. … … … [2] (c) Being held close to a person gives a baby feelings of comfort and security. Explain three ways these feeling are strengthened. (i) … … … (ii) … … … (iii) … … … [6]

6 0637/01/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use (d) Describe three ways in which a child can be over-protected and prevented from becoming independent. (i) … … (ii) … … (iii) … … [3] (e) Suggest four events that may cause a child to become stressed or upset. (i) … … (ii) … … (iii) … … (iv) … … [4] (f) Describe three ways to encourage a child’s self-esteem (self-confidence). (i) … … (ii) … … (iii) … … [6]

7 0637/01/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 8 (a) The following chart identifies diseases often caught by children. Complete the symptoms of these diseases. The first one has been completed as an example. Disease Symptoms (i) Measles Fever, severe cold, cough; 4 to 5 days later a red rash appears on the face and spreads downwards. (ii) Mumps (iii) Polio (iv) Scarlet fever (v) Rubella (vi) Tuberculosis [10] (b) Explain two ways in which diseases can be spread. (i) … … (ii) … … [4]

8 0637/01/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use (c) What is meant by immunisation (vaccination)? … … … … [2] (d) Explain why babies up to the age of about two months rarely catch infectious diseases. … … … … … [4] (e) (i) Give two ways of recognising the signs of dehydration in a baby. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (ii) Explain the importance of preventing dehydration in a sick child. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 50 marks]

9 0637/01/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over Section C Answer one question. Answer (a) or (b) of this question. Write your answers on the following pages. 9 (a) (i) Discuss the importance of play for a young child. (ii) Explain the points to consider when choosing a toy for a child. [Total: 20 marks] OR (b) (i) Discuss the causes of infertility and suggest fertility treatments. (ii) Select four methods of contraception: two requiring medical advice or treatment and two not requiring medical assistance. Explain how the methods of contraception work. Explain how effective they are at preventing conception. [Total: 20 marks]

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12 0637/01/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 (Theory Paper), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2011 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses.

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 Section A 1 (a) 28 days [1] (b) 14 [1] (c) Ovary [1] (d) Fallopian tube [1] 2 (a) Any four from: • Anaemia • Blood group • Rhesus factor • Immunity to rubella (German measles) • Hepatitis B/C • HIV (allow this) • Blood sugar • STDs [4] (b) To test for: Sugar (glucose) Protein (albumin) Ketones [2] 3 (a) Stage 1: Neck of uterus opens Stage 2: Baby passes through birth canal Stage 3: Baby becomes a separate person – baby is born – membranes, cord & placenta delivered [3] (b) The following explained: A show Breaking waters Regular and strong contractions [3] 4 Any four required: • Relaxation and breathing exercises • Aromatherapy • Gas and air • Pethidine • Epidural anaesthetic • TENS • Acupuncture • Homeopathy • etc. [4]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 5 (a) Any four from: • Different types of fat • Different types of protein • More salt and other minerals • Less sugar • Antibodies that help protect calf but are of no use to humans • More proteins • Fat not easily absorbed [4] (b) Any two from: • Use correct type of milk for age of baby • Keep all equipment sterilised • Follow instructions when making up feed with care • Cuddle baby and give similar attention that they would receive during breast feeding • Any other valid points [2] 6 Any two explained: • Width between bars 45–65mm apart – so baby's head cannot be caught • Mattress should fit – only enough room for bedding (no more the 4cm) to stop baby's head or limbs becoming trapped • Have one side to be dropped down, catches should be baby/child proof • Non-toxic paint • Approval marks • Any other valid points [4] [Total: 30]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 Section B 7 (a) The home – condition in the home and behaviour of people in the home both have positive or negative effects on the child as they grow up Guidance from parents/carers – self control is taught by adults in the child's life, e.g. temper control, jealousy and how to deal with stress [4] (b) Give lots of love and security Give many opportunities to meet other children Any other valid points [2] (c) Any three explained: • Skin to skin contact, e.g. breast feeding • Eye to eye contact, e.g. gazing into parents eyes • Familiar smells, e.g. baby recognises mother’s smell during feeding • Familiar sounds, e.g. mother’s voice, and responds to this • Any other valid points (3x2) [6] (d) Any three described: • Not allowing independent play – continual interfering • Always being over anxious about everything • Constant worry about toilet and bowel movement • Constant worry about eating and sleeping • Any other valid points [3] (e) Any four events: • New baby • Moving house • Separation from parent • Starting a playgroup or school • Break up of family • Death of pet or relative • Child abuse • Any other valid points [4] (f) Any three described: • Given choices about what to wear or what to play with • Encouraged to talk about feelings and ideas • Encouraged to develop new skills • Praised for success; not criticised for failing • Given minimum assistance so they can feel they have control over what they do • Any other valid points [6]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 8 (a) Disease Symptoms Measles Fever, severe cold, cough; 4 to 5 days later a red rash appears on the face and spreads downwards. Mumps Painful swellings near the jaw on one or both sides Polio Infection on the spinal cord causing fever which may result in paralysis Scarlet Fever Sore throat, fever, bright red rash Rubella Mild disease – red rash and usually with swollen glands Tuberculosis Fever, sweating at night, cough with phlegm containing blood, loss of weight, continuous ill health [10] (b) Any two explained: • Droplet infection – coughs, sneezes, singing and talking – entering nose or mouth • Contact, touch, kiss, towels, toys etc. that people with disease have touched • Any other valid points [4] (c) Immunisation is the introduction of a small amount of bacteria virus or toxin which stimulates the body’s immune system to produce antibodies. [2] (d) Mother provides antibodies to baby when in uterus. It passes through placenta – blood to blood. Baby will receive any immunity a mother has. Breastfed babies continue to get antibodies. [4] (e) (i) Dry nappies Sunken fontanelle Listlessness [2] (ii) Preventing dehydration: • To keep temperature control • To prevent constipation • To promote recovery • Any other valid points [3] [Total: 50]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 Section C Answer one question. Answer (a) or (b) of this question 13–20 marks – High response – each section answered fully 7–12 marks – Medium response – each part attempted or parts answered in detail 0–6 marks – Low level response – answers lack detail or brief responses 9 (a) (i) Answers should include the following, with some discussion Play which includes hammering shapes into a block etc. can help to divert aggressive instincts, reduces stress, e.g. playing schools, doctors and nurses etc. Temper and destructiveness are signs of boredom and playing can prevent these, satisfactions and achievement during play can help towards happiness. Children have the opportunity to: • Discover • Experiment • Create • Concentrate • Express ideas • Develop speech, muscles • Invent • Learn new skills • Share • Imagine • Cooperate etc. – must be discussed • Any other valid points (ii) Points must be explained: • Right age for child to be able to use • Strong enough for child to use • Provides more than initial interest • Safe for use • Meet children’s diverse needs, e.g. disability • Any other valid points [Total: 20]

Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 OR 9 (b) (i) Some couples are unable to conceive, it can be caused by: • Too few sperms produced or inactive sperms • Ovaries not releasing eggs • Blocked fallopian tubes • Block of mucus in neck of uterus/womb • STDs (sexually transmitted diseases: chlamydia and gonorrhoea) (the above must be described) Treatments from: (four expected for full marks) • Operation to unblock fallopian tubes • IVF (in vitro fertilisation) • DI (artificial insemination) • GIFT (gamete intra-fallopian tube transfer) • ICSI (intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection) • Surrogacy (ii) Medical advice or treatment, two required from: • Vasectomy • Female sterilisation • Combined pill • Contraceptive patch • Vaginal ring • Progestogen – only pill (mini pill) • Contraceptive injections • Contraceptive implant • IUD (intrauterine device) • IUS (interuterine system) • Diaphragm/cap • Any other valid methods Non-medical assistance, two required from: • Abstention • Withdrawal • Male condom • Female condom • Natural methods • Any other valid methods Each one must: • Explain how it works • Explain their effectiveness [Total: 20]