Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2011 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 8 printed pages, 3 lined pages and 1 blank page. DC (RCL (JDA)) 31842/1 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A and Section B Answer all questions. Section C Answer one question. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 May/June 2011 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section C Total * 1 8 6 3 5 1 6 6 9 0 *

2 0637/01/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use Section A Answer all questions. 1 Explain what is meant by growth. … [1] 2 What is the role of the following hormones in the body? (a) Prolactin … … (b) Oestrogen … … (c) Testosterone … … [3] 3 (a) List four things that should be avoided during pregnancy. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … [4] (b) List three nutrients that should be increased in the diet of a pregnant woman. 1 … 2 … 3 …[3] (c) Explain why it might be important to increase dietary fibre/NSP in the diet of a pregnant woman. … … [2]

3 0637/01/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 4 (a) Explain what is meant by a pre-term (premature) baby. … … [2] (b) Name the piece of equipment a pre-term baby is usually put in after birth. … … [1] (c) State three reasons why this piece of equipment is necessary. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] 5 (a) List four ways in which Rubella/German measles may affect an unborn baby. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … [4] (b) When is the most dangerous time for a pregnant woman to be in contact with Rubella? … [1] 6 (a) Babies often suffer from ‘wind’; describe how ‘wind’ is caused. … … … [2] (b) Explain how ‘wind’ can be relieved. … … … … [4] [Total: 30 marks]

4 0637/01/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use Section B Answer all questions. 7 (a) Children who are allowed to feed themselves at an early stage will enjoy mealtimes. Describe, with reasons, types of utensils that would help young children to feed themselves. … … … … … … [6] (b) Give six ways parents can encourage a young child to enjoy mealtimes. 1 … 2 . … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … [6] (c) List six ways a child learns bladder control. 1 … 2 . … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … [6]

5 0637/01/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (d) Explain how parents can help a child who is bed-wetting. … … … … … … … … [7]

6 0637/01/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 8 (a) Describe six points to consider when choosing baby clothes. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … [6] (b) Give seven reasons why disposable nappies are popular. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … 4 … … 5 … … 6 … … 7 … … [7]

7 0637/01/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (c) Describe three types of reusable nappies. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [6] (d) All types of nappies have to be changed several times during a day. State how this can be carried out easily and effectively. … … … … … … … … [6] [Total: 50 marks]

8 0637/01/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 Section C Answer (a) or (b) of this question. Write your answer on the following pages. 9 (a) Explain what is meant by a ‘family’. Discuss the main features, advantages and disadvantages of a nuclear family and an extended family. [Total: 20 marks] OR (b) Explain the reasons why some young children have difficulty in learning to read and write. Describe how arithmetical skills can be achieved. [Total: 20 marks] [Total for paper 100 marks]

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12 0637/01/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 (Theory Paper), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2011 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses.

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 Section A 1 An increase in size / weight / height. [1] 2 (a) Controls milk production (b) Responsible for development and functioning of female sex organs etc. (c) Responsible for enlargement of penis / shoulders broaden / voice deepens etc. [3] 3 (a) Any four: Drugs / medicines Smoking Alcohol Soft cheese Pâté Unpasteurised milk / cheese Lightly cooked eggs / meat Liver Peanuts Avoid carriers of illness X-Rays Cat litter etc. (b) Protein (One mark only for no specific named examples) Calcium / minerals Folic acid / vitamins Vitamin C / Vitamins Iron etc. 3 required [3] (c) • Prevents constipation which pregnant women often suffer from • Hormones cause bowels to work more slowly [2]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 4 (a) Born before 37 weeks Very small and weak Usually weighs less than 2.5kg 2 required [2] (b) Incubator [1] (c) 3 required: • Keeps humidity constant • Keeps temperature constant • Extra oxygen can be supplied • Baby kept isolated and protected [3] 5 (a) Four required: • Blind • Deaf • Heart disease • Learning disability • Brain damage • etc. [4] (b) First 4 months [1] 6 (a) Caused by: • Baby takes too long over feed and swallows air instead of milk • Bottle-fed babies may take in air if hole in teat is too small • Breast-fed babies may take in air if too little milk is present • etc. 2 required [2) (b) Hold baby to the shoulder, place a cloth on shoulder to catch any milk that comes up, gently patting baby on back. Sit on knee leaning slightly forward, gently rub baby's back. [4] [Total: 30]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 Section B 7 (a) Description required: Cup with two handles and a spout / help to make drinking easier and less messy. A weaning spoon and fork or pusher / designed to make it easier to get food into mouth. Bowl held firmly in position on table by a suction pad / to prevent bowl moving. Plate with separate sections / divides different foods. [Max 3 types] [3 + 3] (b) Any 6 required: • Serve food attractively • Vary the food • Serve small portions, with second helpings available • Avoid strongly flavoured food • Set a good example by eating proper meals themselves • Make meal times happy social occasions by all family members sitting at the table together when possible • Buying toys / favourite things • etc. [6] (c) • Indicate that they have a wet nappy • Indicate when they are wetting nappy • Indicate that they are about to do so • Able to say when needs potty etc. • Dry during day • Dry during night [6] (d) Answer requires explaining: • Remain calm and patient so child does not feel worried or stressed • A star chart and small rewards after several dry nights / rewards / to encourage dry nights • Do not give fizzy drinks or caffeine based drinks before bedtime as they stimulate the kidneys to produce more urine • Waking child up in night (at different times) to empty bladder • etc. One mark for each point (max 4) and one for explanation [7]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 8 (a) Any 6 required: • Loose and comfortable / suitable size • Easy to put on and take off • Easy to wash and dry • Lightweight, soft and warm • Non-irritant • Porous • Flame resistant • Safety feature (one only) • etc. [6] (b) Seven reasons required: • Quick and easy to change • Come in various sizes • Can have daytime and night-time use • StrEtc.h waistbands and sides for comfort fit • Easy to use fastening straps • Designed to wick moisture away from skin to prevent sore bottom if changed regularly • Waterproof outer covering • Can be thrown away after use • Readily available • Easy to store [7] (c) Descriptions required: • Terry nappies (traditional) • Shaped terry nappies • All-in-one nappies • Swimming nappies • etc. (Names only 3 marks) [6] (d) • Prepare all necessary equipment before starting • Place baby on a flat surface rather than lap – so both hands are free • Safest place is floor • A changing mat or plastic sheet protects floor etc. • Gently remove solid matter with cotton wool or tissue • Wash baby’s bottom • Wipe bottom with baby wipe which will neutralise ammonia from urine • Make sure skin is dry • A little 'nappy cream' can be used before clean nappy is put on [6] [Total: 50]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 Section C Either part (a) or part (b) 13–20 marks – High response – each section answered fully 7–12 marks – Medium response – each part attempted or parts answered in detail 0–6 marks – Low level response – answers lack detail or brief responses 9 (a) Family • Basic unit of society • Group of people of various ages usually related by birth, marriage or adoption • Have a special relationship based on blood (same ancestors) • Affection • Duty (traditional sense of obligation • Shared experiences • Common interests • Supply for child – Food and drink – Shelter – Warmth and clothing – Love and companionship – Protection and support – Care and training – Secure environment – Boundaries for behaviour – Encouragement with education Nuclear family: Parents and children are a self contained family unit living in a separate household Advantages – make own decisions – bring up children their own way. Disadvantages – no financial help, may need to find child care, distance from rest of family. Any other valid points Extended family: large family group includes grandparents, parents, brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles and cousins. Advantages – provides comfort in times of distress – help parents bring up children – looking after children in an emergency or when parents are working – giving advice on problems – helping financially Disadvantages – parents and children never alone / privacy – may not be able to make own decisions – cramped Any other valid points [20 marks]

Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 (b) Children develop at own speed • Parents should start reading to a child at an early age • Should look at picture books and discuss stories • Children should be encouraged to follow words as they are being read to • Children should be encouraged to draw pictures and write letters as appropriate If the above is not part of the early learning with the parent or carer their language is limited. The child may lack motivation when nobody is interested in their development. Child may have poor eyesight that has not been diagnosed or poor hearing. Child can have poor hand eye coordination. Child may suffer from dyslexia – "word blindness" Child may be able to speak well – but may find reading, writing and spelling difficult Any other valid points Arithmetical skills • Bring numbers into a child's world e.g. 2 biscuits 3 years old today Nursery rhymes which include numbers Toys • Repeating numbers • Matching number words to objects • Learn correct order of numbers • Learning 'ordinal' numbers • Learning to recognise and write numbers Any other valid points Appropriate T.V. programme [20 marks]