Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2008 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 8 printed pages, 3 lined pages and 1 blank page. SP (FF) T48726/2 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A and Section B Answer all questions. Section C Answer one question. Write your answers in the space provided on the Question Paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. * 8 6 5 3 3 5 9 3 4 0 * CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 October/November 2008 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section C Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use 0637/01/O/N/08 Section A Answer all questions. 1 Describe four early signs of pregnancy a woman would notice. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … [4] 2 State four reasons why breast milk is best for babies. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … [4] 3 Describe four ways a child learns to talk. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … [4] 4 Name six things to consider when choosing baby clothes. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … [6]

3 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 0637/01/O/N/08 5 Name four aspects of growth and development that are influenced by genes. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … [4] 6 Young children are sometimes bullied. Name four types of bullying. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … [4] 7 Explain the differences between identical and non-identical twins. … … … … [4] [Total: 30 marks]

4 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use 0637/01/O/N/08 Section B Answer all questions. 8 (a) Using the following headings, describe the stages a baby goes through when learning to sit. (i) Newborn … … … … (ii) Three months … … … … (iii) Six months … … … … (iv) Nine months … … … … (v) One year … … … … [15]

5 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 0637/01/O/N/08 (b) Explain what parents can do to try and teach a child discipline. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [10] [Total: 25 marks]

6 © UCLES 2008 For Examiner’s Use 0637/01/O/N/08 9 (a) Diet before and during pregnancy is very important. Explain the need for folic acid in the diet at this time. … … … [3] (b) Describe how folic acid can be obtained in the diet. … … … … … … [4] (c) Explain five ways a couple could increase their chances of conceiving a baby. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … 4 … … 5 … … [10]

7 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 0637/01/O/N/08 (d) State, with reasons, four foods that should be avoided during pregnancy. (i) Food … Reason … … (ii) Food … Reason … … (iii) Food … Reason … … (iv) Food … Reason … … [8] [Total: 25 marks]

8 0637/01/O/N/08 © UCLES 2008 Section C Answer (a) or (b) of this question. Write your answer on the following pages. 10 (a) Explain why play is important in the development of a child. Describe what should be considered when choosing a toy for a child. [Total: 20 marks] OR (b) Food poisoning can be very serious in babies and young children With reference to how bacteria can contaminate food, explain how food poisoning can be prevented. [Total: 20 marks]

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12 0637/01/O/N/08 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2008 question paper 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 (Theory Paper), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2008 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0637 01 © UCLES 2008 Section A 1 - Missed period - Enlarged breasts - Darkening of skin round nipples - Frequent passing of urine - Constipation - Possible feeling sick Any 4 [4] 2 - Ideal food - Babies less likely to be obese - Possible better brain development - Does not need to be sterilised - Gastroenteritis less likely - Less likely to get baby eczema or nappy rash - Less likely to develop allergies - Quality always same - Contains antibodies - Easier to digest - Correct temperature Any 4 [4] 3 - Reading stories to child - Other people talking to them - Listening - Practising g sounds made by other people - Learning what the sound means - Must be described Any 4 [4] 4 Baby clothes must be: - Loose and comfortable - Easy to put on and take off - Easy to wash and dry - Lightweight, soft and warm - Non-irritant - Porous - Flame resistant Any 6 [6] 5 - Shape of body - Colour of skin, hair and eyes - Blood group - Age at which teeth appear - Size of hands and feet - Maximum height to which child will grow Any 4 [4] 6 - Verbal abuse – name calling - Physical abuse – punching, kicking, pinching - Demanding money - Threats - Imitating - Ignoring Any 4 [4]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0637 01 © UCLES 2008 7 Identical twins - Fertilised egg splits into two parts - Each develops into an individual - Always same sex - Very much alike, inherited identical genes Non-identical twins - Two eggs released - Each egg fertilised by different sperm - Can be same sex or different - No more alike than any other two children in family 2 marks available for each part [4] [Total for Section A: 30] Section B 8 (a) Each stage must be described to obtain available 3 marks. (i) - Rolls up in a ball Back curves over head falls forward Muscles of neck and back not very strong (ii) - Requires support when sitting Back much straighter head still wobbly Can hold head steady for a short while (iii) - Baby can sit upright if supported Needs support from a chair or pram Can sit for short while on floor with hands forward for support (iv) - Can pull herself into sitting position Can sit unsupported for a short time (v) - Can sit unsupported for a long time Able to stretch out and pick up a toy Can turn sideways [15] (b) Points should be explained. - Set a good example - Praise rather than criticise - Have reasonable expectations - Say 'sorry' when they have behaved badly - Avoid battles that they cannot win - Mean what you say - Be consistent 2 marks for each well explained point [10]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0637 01 © UCLES 2008 9 (a) Important for baby's early development Helps prevent defects Example – Spina bifida [3] (b) - Tablets - Folic acid milk drink - Liver - Brussels sprouts/kale etc - Beef extract - Soya beans - Wholemeal bread - Fortified breakfast cereals etc. Some description required [4] (c) Any five ways explained - Neither partner should smoke - Partners should be fairly clear of sexually-transmitted diseases - Healthy diet for both partners - Be aware of drinking allowances - Overweight women should try to reduce weight - Men should wear loose fitting undergarments - Unpasteurised milk etc. 5 x 2 [10] (d) (i) - Raw meat and poultry Parasite Toxoplasma – causes miscarriage, brain damage, still birth (ii) - Raw and softly cooked eggs. Salmonella causes severe food poisoning (iii) - Pate Listeriosis – severe illness in unborn baby, miscarriage, still birth (iv) - Liver/liver damage Too much vitamin a – birth defects (v) - Peanuts and products Allergic reaction – risk of allergy passed on to baby 2 x 4 [8] [Total for Section B: 50]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0637 01 © UCLES 2008 Section C 10 Candidates to answer either (a) or (b) (a) High level response 13–20 marks. Both parts of question will be answered; responses will be explained and described. - Enables children to find out about themselves and the World, (this must be fully explained to include some of the following) develop speech and muscles, discover, create, concentrate, learn new skills, role-play, use imagination, co-operate etc. - Help towards happiness - Prevents boredom - Can reduce stress - Can divert aggressive instincts. Points given in m/s must be ‘described' - Right for age of child - Strong enough for child to use - Will hold interest - Safe to play with (safety regulations may be included) Medium level response 7–12 marks. Some detail will be given to a greater or lesser degree, one section may be in more detail that the other. Low level response 0–6 marks. Answers will be superficial. They will lack explanations and descriptions and may take the form of a list. (b) High level response 13–20 marks. Answers will clearly show how bacteria can contaminate food and use this information to explain how to prevent food poisoning. Bacterial contamination due to: Dirt on hands after toilet, changing nappies etc. – wash and dry hands on a clean towel before preparing food. Dirty sinks, surfaces, dish cloths, towels, utensils – keep kitchens clean, anti bacterial cleaners etc. Mice, rats, flies and their droppings – floors left over food will attract flies, mice, rats etc. Bacteria in septic cuts and sores – cover with waterproof dressing. Coughs and sneezes – bacteria and other germs live in nose and throat – do not cough or sneeze over food. Licking fingers or spoons – bacteria from the mouth will not enter the food if this is not done. Uncooked meat or poultry contain bacteria. Keep separate to avoid cross contamination. Cook food thoroughly to destroy harmful bacteria. Bacteria thrive in warm moist conditions. Store food in cold/cool conditions – refrigerate – freeze – keep food covered etc.

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0637 01 © UCLES 2008 Mid level response 7–12 marks Answers will make reference to bacterial contamination and explanations on how to prevent food poisoning – but will be more limited. Low level response 0–6 marks Superficial answers lacking explanations or just lists. [Total for section C: 20] [Total for paper: 100]