Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2007 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 8 printed pages, 3 lined pages and 1 blank page. SP (NF) T17697/5 © UCLES 2007 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer all questions. Section C Answer one question. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. * 1 9 4 1 6 4 0 6 5 9 * CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 May/June 2007 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section C Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 0637/01/M/J/07 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2007 Section A Answer all questions. 1 (a) Name two different types of family. (i) … (ii) …[2] (b) Choose one of these and give one advantage and one disadvantage of this type of family. Choice … Advantage … Disadvantage …[2] 2 How is the estimated delivery date of the birth of a baby worked out? … …[2] 3 Name two foods to avoid during pregnancy and give one reason for each. (i) Food … Reason … (ii) Food … Reason …[4] 4 Potential hazards can cause accidents in the home. On the grid below, give three different examples of possible hazards, and the accidents that could result. An example is shown. Potential Hazards Possible Accidents Sockets, any piece of electrical equipment Electrocution (i) (ii) (iii) [6]

3 0637/01/M/J/07 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2007 5 Name four physical characteristics of a premature baby. (i) … (ii) … (iii) … (iv) …[4] 6 Explain the differences between ‘baby blues’ and ‘post-natal depression’. … … …[4] 7 The following may be found on the skin of a new born baby. Describe each of these: Milia … Vernix … Languo …[6] [Total: 30 marks]

4 0637/01/M/J/07 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2007 Section B Answer all questions. 8 Cognitive/intellectual development is the development of the mind. (a) Give four ways in which intellectual development occurs. (i) … … (ii) … … (iii) … … (iv) … …[4] (b) Which two main factors are responsible for the intelligence level of a child? (i) … (ii) …[2] (c) (i) Explain five ways in which a parent can help the development of a baby’s mind during their first year. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … 4 … … 5 … …[5]

5 0637/01/M/J/07 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2007 (ii) Describe six different ways that this development can be encouraged after the first year. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … 4 … … 5 … … 6 … …[6] (d) Children learn by using their senses. Suggest and explain how four activities would stimulate the senses of a young child. (i) … … (ii) … … (iii) … … (iv) … …[8] 9 After birth babies require milk until their digestive system is fully developed. Weaning can then take place, usually at the age of 4–6 months, when new foods can be introduced. (a) Describe three signs that may be observed when a baby is ready to be weaned. (i) … (ii) … (iii) …[3]

6 0637/01/M/J/07 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2007 (b) Suggest three ways to purée solid foods to remove the lumps when preparing solid food for a baby. (i) … (ii) … (iii) …[3] (c) Why is it important that a young baby does not receive too much salt? … … … …[3] (d) Explain five ways a parent can make a meal time happy. (i) … … (ii) … … (iii) … … (iv) … … (v) … …[5] (e) What advice could you give a parent of a toddler about how to manage feeding times? … … … … … … … …[5]

7 0637/01/M/J/07 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2007 (f) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of homemade baby foods. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[6] [Total: 50 marks]

8 0637/01/M/J/07 © UCLES 2007 Section C Answer one question. Answer either part (a) or part (b). Write your answer on the following pages. 10 (a) Discuss the reasons for using contraception. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the following methods of contraception: Natural methods Contraceptive implants Male condom Discuss the factors that would influence a couple’s choice of contraception method. [Total: 20 marks] OR 10 (b) There are things that have to be learnt by a child and using a toilet is one of these. Discuss how it is possible to know when a child is ready to start potty training. Explain how to introduce potty training successfully. Identify problems that may arise and how to deal with them. [Total: 20 marks]

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12 0637/01/M/J/07 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2007 question paper 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 (Theory Paper), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2007 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2007 0637 01 © UCLES 2007 Section A 1 (a) Any two e.g. Extended family Nuclear family One-parent family Step-family Shared-care family Foster family etc. [2] (b) Must name a choice from (a) Any suitable advantage Any suitable disadvantage (must be different) [2] 2 266 + 14 days from first day of last period OR, add 9 months and 7 days to first day of last period 40 weeks [2] 3 Any two from: Raw meat, poultry any suitable reason Unwashed fruits and vegetables any suitable reason Raw/softly cooked eggs salmonella or effects Pate listeriosis Unpasteurised milk and products/soft cheeses listeriosis or effects Liver/liver products too much Vitamin A or effects Peanuts/peanut products/nuts allergic reactions to the nuts Tuna steaks mercury [4] 4 Stairs, steps, windows, prams, cots etc. Falls Hard sweets, nuts, popcorn, small toy pieces etc. Choking Plastic bags, discarded fridges and freezers etc. Suffocation Knives, scissors, razor blades, tools etc. Cuts Hot drinks, matches, lighters, fires etc. Scalds and burns Cleaning/household chemicals, medication etc. Poisoning Bath, bowls of water etc. Drowning [6] 5 Any FOUR physical characteristics Red and wrinkled skin Inability to suck and swallow Small size Sealed eyes Low birth weight Yellow tint to skin (jaundice) Large head Difficulty in breathing See through skin / veins visible Lanugo [4]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2007 0637 01 © UCLES 2007 6 Differences explained for the 4 marks (2 + 2) Baby blues: Feeling miserable (for a day or two) Other hormones trying to return to normal pattern Little sleep – tired after long hard labour Worrying about how to cope with a new life Disappears with love and understanding Post natal depression: Lasts longer Constantly tired Wakeful and agitated Tearful for no apparent reason Withdrawn and almost vacant Unable to cope Resentful and angry towards the baby etc. Will necessitate medical help [4] 7 Milia – small whitish-yellow spots/on the face, particularly the nose/face Vernix – a greasy white substance that covers the baby’s body/at birth Lanugo – a fine layer of hair which covers the baby’s skin if it arrives early [3 x 2] [6] [Total for Section A: 30] Section B 8 (a) Any FOUR from: Learns about people from observing Learning new skills from imitation, observation and repetition Learns to communicate – as above Acquiring more memories By gaining more experience [4] (b) Genes Environment [2]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2007 0637 01 © UCLES 2007 (c) (i) an explanation must be given for each point made: • talking to the baby • play with him • place baby in a position to see what is going on • provide toys and objects which he can handle and investigate which encourages concentration • allow him to practice new skills as soon as he is ready e.g. feeding himself • start to read to him, tell him stories and show him pictures • expose to different environments • music/singing [5] (ii) A description of any six of the following: • talk to the child • practice new skills – dressing himself • drawing, playing games, song and rhymes, counting, role play • be curious and ask questions • play with other children • explore new places • play with stimulating toys • be creative and make things • listen to stories • look at books and eventually learn to read [6] (d) Any FOUR activities explained: • rattle or a soft toy • finger puppets and sock puppets • play centre/musical mat • sounds and talking to baby • walks to see animals or interesting traffic/parks • coloured building blocks • puzzles • sand • cooking/new foods • TV – only if appropriate and explained • Textured books etc. [4 x 2] [8]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2007 0637 01 © UCLES 2007 9 (a) Three signs: • still seems hungry and restless after a good milk feed • wakes early for next feed • starts to suck their fists [3] (b) Any THREE suitable methods e.g. • rub through a sieve • mash with a fork • electrical blender • mixer • electrical processor etc. [3] (c) Kidneys regulate salt level in the body Kidneys of a young baby are unable to remove excess salt Too much salt can therefore make baby very ill, death can result Would lead to bad habits and over-consumption in later life [3] (d) Any FIVE ways explained: • serving food attractively • varying the food • don’t rush the child • serving small portions with more to follow if wanted • ensure correct temperature of food • avoid strong flavours • setting a good example by eating proper meals • all family members sitting round the table • encourage eating [5] (e) Answers could include: • allow babies to feed themselves even if they make a mess as it is more interesting for the baby • use washable chairs, harness and tray and cover floor with plastic cover • use bibs • allow baby to eat at their own pace • let babies know when they have eaten enough • babies may be happier eating small snacks than a large meal • routines • not allowing toddler to believe they have control [5]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2007 0637 01 © UCLES 2007 (f) To gain the full SIX marks there should be a balance of advantages and disadvantages. Answers must discuss from the following points. Advantages: • Cheaper • Less specialised shopping • Allows for allergies and special needs • Prepared with family meals (part of) • Full control of food baby is consuming • Know you are using best quality fresh produce/better flavours, textures. Disadvantages • Expensive – paying for packaging • May contain artificial colourings, flavourings and preservatives • Some nutrients destroyed in manufacturing process • May be too high in fat, salt and sugar • May contain GM products etc. [6] Total for Section B [50] Section C 10 (a) Answers may include: Reasons for using contraception (each point should be discussed) • Families can be planned • The baby is ‘wanted’ • Time to establish a stable relationship between partners Each of the following should be explained including the advantages and disadvantages Natural Methods of contraception may include: Safe period/Calendar method/rhythm method Cervical mucus Temperature method PERSONA (computerised menstrual cycle monitor) No chemicals Contraceptive Implants – Medical advice and treatment required etc. Male Condom Availability Protection from STD’s Timing and correct use etc.

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2007 0637 01 © UCLES 2007 Choice A full discussion is required based on, for example • length of time to use • religious, ethical, moral considerations • cost • degree of effectiveness • age/health • ease of use • availability • commitment 14–20 A high level response, will clearly answer all parts of the question and will show that they EXPLAIN and DISCUSS as required by the question. 8–13 A medium response. Candidates may cover most aspects of the question but may not fully discuss or explain their answers, may answer in bullet points. 0–7 A low level response. Superficial answers, may not cover all aspects with limited or no discussion or explanation of answers. (b) How to know when child is ready: 18–24 months. Child aware of wet nappies Child tells you they are doing it Child tells you that they need to go to the toilet Dry during part of day/night How to introduce Warm weather is best Leave the potty around Suggest trying Use stickers/praise Do not force Encourage Problems and how to deal with them: No interest – books, demonstrate Start wetting again – no issue, patience Retain faeces – no issue, keep a healthy diet Difficulty in reaching, sitting on toilet – use a step or seat 14–20 A high level response, will clearly cover all Sections, and will ‘discuss’ and ‘identify’. 8–13 A medium level response, candidates will cover each section, but in less detail. 0–7 A low level response that will cover one or two Sections at a more superficial level.