Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2006 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 8 printed pages, 3 lined pages and 1 blank page. SP (NH) T02193/5 © UCLES 2006 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 May/June 2006 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No additional materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section B Answer both these questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section C Answer one question. Answer this question in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Centre Number Candidate Number Name For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section B Section C Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2006 0637/01/M/J/06 Section A Answer all questions. 1 Sex chromosomes determine the sex of a baby. One is called ‘X’ and the other is called ‘Y’. Which sex will the following combinations produce? Y + X ⎯→_______________ X + X ⎯→_______________ [2] 2 Give two advantages and two disadvantages for using disposable nappies. Advantage 1 … … Advantage 2 … … Disadvantage 1… … Disadvantage 2… …[4] 3 Name five reflexes shown by a new baby. … … … … …[5] 4 Explain how stairs can be made safe for a young child. … … … …[3] For Examiner’s Use

3 © UCLES 2006 0637/01/M/J/06 [Turn over 5 Explain how each of the following pieces of specialist equipment can help a baby. (a) Incubator (i) … (ii) … (iii) … (iv) … (b) Monitor (i) … (ii) … [6] 6 Name three examples of genetic disorders which are passed on from one generation to the next. (i) … … (ii) … … (iii) … …[6] 7 Explain the reason for doing pelvic floor exercises. … … … … …[4] [Total: 30] For Examiner’s Use

4 © UCLES 2006 0637/01/M/J/06 Section B Answer both these questions. 8 (a) Emotional and social development are linked. Name four positive and four negative emotions. Four positive emotions (i) … (ii) … (iii) … (iv) … Four negative emotions (i) … (ii) … (iii) … (iv) … [8] (b) Explain what is meant by ‘the terrible twos’ in terms of why it occurs and the behaviour pattern it causes. Reasons why it occurs … … … … Behaviour pattern … … … …[8] For Examiner’s Use

5 © UCLES 2006 0637/01/M/J/06 [Turn over (c) (i) What is meant by ‘sibling rivalry’? … … … …[2] (ii) Describe the strategies parents can use to overcome this. … … … …[2] (d) Stress in the life of a child can cause extreme behaviour. Suggest five events that may cause stress in a child. (i) … (ii) … (iii) … (iv) … (v) …[5] [Total: 25] For Examiner’s Use

6 © UCLES 2006 0637/01/M/J/06 9 Children in both advanced and developing countries can suffer malnutrition and food poisoning. (a) Describe three symptoms of food poisoning. (i) … (ii) … (iii) …[3] (b) Explain five ways to prevent food poisoning. (i) … … (ii) … … (iii) … … (iv) … … (v) … …[10] (c) Give four reasons for ensuring children eat a balanced diet. (i) … (ii) … (iii) … (iv) …[4] For Examiner’s Use

7 © UCLES 2006 0637/01/M/J/06 [Turn over (d) Complete the following grid relating to deficiency diseases caused by the absence or short supply of certain items in the diet. [3] (e) In some countries there is a problem of obesity in babies and young children. Discuss the reasons for obesity and the problems this condition can cause. … … … … …[5] [Total: 25] For Examiner’s Use Shortage of nutrients Deficiency disease (i) Anaemia Calcium or Vitamin D (ii) (iii) Kwashiorkor

8 © UCLES 2006 0637/01/M/J/06 Section C Answer this question in the spaces provided. 10 Some parents have to return to work and need to use childcare provision for their children. (a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages to the child and parent, of a child being looked after in their own home by a person who is not the parent. (b) Describe the points a parent would look for when visiting a nursery for their child. [20]

9 0637/01/M/J/06 [Turn over … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … For Examiner’s Use

10 0637/01/M/J/06 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … For Examiner’s Use

11 0637/01/M/J/06 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … For Examiner’s Use

12 0637/01/M/J/06 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2006 question paper 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1, maximum raw mark 100 These mark schemes are published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. They show the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. They do not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the Examination. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. The minimum marks in these components needed for various grades were previously published with these mark schemes, but are now instead included in the Report on the Examination for this session. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2006 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 Section A Question 1 Boy Girl [2] Question 2 Advantages – any two from: • nappy changing – quick and easy • good fit – available in different sizes • designs for day or night wear • stretch waistbands from comfort • easy to use – fastening tapes • waterproof covering • can just throw them away Disadvantages • more expensive • environmental issues (only allow one of these) [4] Question 3 swallowing and sucking reflexes rooting reflex grasp reflex walking reflex startle reflex falling reflex/moto reflex (any 5 x 1) [5] Question 4 Any three from: • safety gates with childproof locks • stairs not slippery (if wood) • carpet not worn or loose (if carpeted) • no toys etc. left on stairs [3]

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 Question 5 (a) Any four from: • baby can be helped to breathe • filters and humidifies air • keeps’ baby’s temperature constant • keeps baby isolated • temperature control and check heartbeat • transparent so baby can be constantly observed • “portholes” allows baby to have contact (b) Two from • monitors baby’s concentration of oxygen • linked to alarms when problems occur that baby may have • display on screen of baby’s functions to be observed [6] Question 6 Any three from: • cystic fibrosis • haemophilia • thalassaemia • sickle-cell anaemia • muscular dystrophy • PKU (any 3 x 2) [6] Question 7 To strengthen muscles which come under great strain in pregnancy and childbirth To prevent a leaky bladder which some women suffer from after pregnancy [4] [Total: 30 marks]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 Section B Question 8 (a) Positives Negatives Any four from: Any four from: excitement anger pleasure aggression pride shyness affection sadness happiness jealousy love, etc. rudeness, etc. [8] (b) Stage of development: • going through a stage of emotional behaviour • they are egocentric • everything should revolve round them and their needs now etc. Behaviour pattern: • want to do opposite from what they are told • can become very troublesome when tired, hungry or unwell • active and determined children worse than placid ones • temper tantrums, or defiant and demanding behaviour are often shown etc. [8] (c) (i) Fear that a new baby is a rival for their parents attention Older brothers and sisters may feel insecure May resent attention given and cling to their parents, be uncooperative or refuse to share toys with other children (a clear description – 2 marks) (ii) Preparing older children for a new babies arrival Reassuring him often that he is loved and wanted (even when behaving badly) Encouraging him to feel more grown up and independent Avoid comparisons with the new baby in his hearing [2] (d) Any five from: • starting at playgroup or school • a new baby in the family • moving house • separation from a parent • break-up of their family • death of a relative or a pet • child abuse, etc. [5] [Total: 25 marks]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 Question 9 (a) Diarrhoea Abdominal pains Vomiting [3] (b) Any five points fully explained for full marks. • keeping food cold • keeping food covered • washing hands and drying on a clean towel before preparing food • keep kitchen clean • cover wounds • do not cough or sneeze over food • do not lick fingers when preparing food, etc. [10] (c) Any four reasons from: • to develop a strong well-formed body • have sufficient energy to keep warm and active • keep healthy • to grow to their full potential height • to maintain a suitable weight for their height and age [4] (d) Iron Rickets Protein [3] (e) To gain full marks both reasons and problems will be fully discussed. Can be caused by: • overeating especially high-calorie foods and drinks – which have very little other nutritional value e.g. sugar and fat • sweets, chocolate, cakes, biscuits and crisps – easy to eat and “tasty” • high calorie drinks e.g. squash, cola and some fruit juices Problems: • poor health of babies and young children • unable to take much exercise • quicker to pick up infections e.g. bronchitis [5] [Total: 25 marks]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 Section C Question 10 (a) Answers to include: Advantages for the child: • comfort of familiar surroundings • one to one care from same person each day • more personal attention • no commuting time • less possibility of contact with childhood illnesses Disadvantages for the child: • few opportunities to socialise • difficulties if parents have to work long hours • sees nanny as parent figure • possibility of a sense of loss if nanny leaves Advantages for parent: • fewer problems about getting to work on time • no worries about picking up the child if delayed • no need to take time off work if child is unwell Disadvantages for parent: • problems of sharing home with another person • higher cost when compared to nurseries • competition for the child’s affection • care not monitored • worries about qualifications • lack of back-up if nanny is ill

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0637 01 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 (b) Answers may include: • secure entry system • staff knowing children’s names • children welcomed when they arrive • children playing happily • a wide variety of toys and equipment • equipment in good condition • a child needing help is heeded • praise and encouragement for children • outdoor play areas available • a calm atmosphere • care for children if parents are late High level response 14-20 A good candidate will show a wide knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of in-home childcare with reference to the child and parent. They will also describe the points a parent would look for in visiting a nursery. Mid response 7-13 Responses will be limited, explanation will be brief and may not be balanced. Answers will lack detail. Low level response 0-6 Very limited responses, lacking depth and detail, perhaps only a few bullet points given. [Total: 20 marks]