Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2005 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1
0637/11/M/J/05
The question paper and its mark scheme, free to read here and free to download. This is Cambridge’s own paper, exactly as it was sat.
Question paper12 pages
Mark scheme8 pages
Answers below. Sit the paper first if you are practising.
Paper as text
Question paper, page 1
This document consists of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages. SP (NH) S81222/2 © UCLES 2005 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 May/June 2005 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section B Answer any two questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section C Answer one question. Write your answer on the separate Answer Booklet/Paper provided. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Centre Number Candidate Number Name If you have been given a label, look at the details. If any details are incorrect or missing, please fill in your correct details in the space given at the top of this page. Stick your personal label here, if provided. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section B Section C Total www.XtremePapers.com
Question paper, page 2
2 © UCLES 2005 0637/01 M/J/05 Section A Answer all questions. 1 (a) What is meant by a family? … …[2] (b) Identify three different family groups. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] 2 In the male and female reproductive systems, (a) Where are the sperm produced? …[1] (b) Where are the eggs produced? …[1] 3 Explain three ways pregnancy can be prevented. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] 4 (a) Suggest three common causes of infertility. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (b) Name two treatments for infertility. 1. … 2. …[2] For Examiner’s Use
Question paper, page 3
3 © UCLES 2005 0637/01 M/J/05 [Turn over 5 (a) Describe how identical and non-identical twins are formed. Identical… … Non-identical … …[4] (b) Give two advantages of being the parents of twins. 1. … 2. …[2] 6 What is meant by weaning? … …[1] 7 How a child develops depends on nature and nurture (environment/genetics). Explain what is meant by: Nature … … Nurture… …[2] 8 Most babies are born with five senses. Name four of these. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] 9 Explain what is meant by lactation and when it occurs. … …[2] For Examiner’s Use
Question paper, page 4
4 © UCLES 2005 0637/01 M/J/05 Section B Answer two questions. 10 (a) New-born babies cry as a way of communicating. Give four reasons why babies cry, and for each explain how they could be comforted. 1 Reason … Explanation… … … 2 Reason … Explanation… … … 3 Reason … Explanation… … … 4 Reason … Explanation… … …[8] (b) At what age does a child show understanding of simple commands? …[2] (c) Suggest four reasons why a child might be slow in learning to talk. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] For Examiner’s Use
Question paper, page 5
5 © UCLES 2005 0637/01 M/J/05 [Turn over (d) Explain two different ways you would encourage a child to learn about numbers. 1. … … … 2. … … …[4] (e) Suggest four ways a parent can encourage their child to learn to read. 1. … … 2. … … 3. … … 4. … …[4] (f) Give one advantage of each of the following types of books suitable for a nine-month- old baby. 1 Board book … … 2 Texture book … … 3 Cloth book… …[3] For Examiner’s Use
Question paper, page 6
6 © UCLES 2005 0637/01 M/J/05 11 (a) Explain five benefits of play. 1. … … 2. … … 3. … … 4. … … 5. … …[10] (b) Name four types of play and give one example of each. Type of play … Example … … Type of play … Example … … Type of play … Example … … Type of play … Example … …[8] For Examiner’s Use
Question paper, page 7
7 © UCLES 2005 0637/01 M/J/05 [Turn over (c) Complete the following chart. [6] (d) Suggest a suitable toy for a child with visual difficulties. …[1] 12 (a) Suggest four signs that a baby may show when teething. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] (b) How could a baby who is distressed through teething be helped? … … … …[3] (c) What are the babies first teeth called? …[1] For Examiner’s Use Age of child Two examples of suitable toys 1–2 years 1. … 2. … 2–3 years 1. … 2. … 3–5 years 1. … 2. …
Question paper, page 8
8 © UCLES 2005 0637/01 M/J/05 (d) Name four substances that build strong healthy teeth, and give one example of a good source of each. 1 Substance… Example of source… 2 Substance… Example of source… 3 Substance… Example of source… 4 Substance… Example of source…[8] (e) Explain how tooth decay occurs. … … …[3] (f) Children often love ‘Junk’ foods. They usually contain a lot of fat, sugar and additives. Explain why children should be discouraged from eating them. … … … … … …[6] For Examiner’s Use
Question paper, page 9
9 0637/01 M/J/05 Section C Answer one question. 13 Deciding whether to have a baby at home or hospital can be a difficult decision. (a) Explain when a hospital confinement is advised. (b) Discuss the relevant advantages of both a hospital and a home confinement. [20] 14 Some children are very hard to manage and are called ‘difficult children’. Discuss the types and possible cause of behaviour that this type of child may display. Explain strategies for this type of problem. [20]
Question paper, page 12
12 0637/01 M/J/05 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
Mark scheme, page 1
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the June 2005 question paper 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1, maximum raw mark 100 These mark schemes are published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. They show the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. They do not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the Examination. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the June 2005 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com
Mark scheme, page 2
Grade thresholds for Syllabus 0637 (Child Development) in the June 2005 examination. minimum mark required for grade: maximum mark available A C E F Component 1 100 75 53 42 30 The threshold (minimum mark) for B is set halfway between those for Grades A and C. The threshold (minimum mark) for D is set halfway between those for Grades C and E. The threshold (minimum mark) for G is set as many marks below the F threshold as the E threshold is above it. Grade A* does not exist at the level of an individual component.
Mark scheme, page 3
June 2005 IGCSE MARKING SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 100 SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 0637/01 CHILD DEVELOPMENT Paper 1
Mark scheme, page 4
Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 SECTION A 1 (a) Basic unit of society. Usually related by birth, marriage or adoption. [2 x 1] (b) Extended family Nuclear family One parent family Step – families Shared – care families Foster families any 3 [3 x 1] 2 (a) Testes (b) Ovary [2 x 1] 3 Contraception: sperm and egg prevented from meeting Ovulation prevented Fallopian tubes or sperm ducts cut etc. Or three different methods of contraception [3 x 1] 4 (a) Low sperm count Failure to ovulate Blocked fallopian tubes Cervical mucus too thick Hysterectomy any 3 [3 x 1] (b) Fertility drugs Operation to unblock fallopian tubes I.V.F. Donor insemination Garnete Intra – fallopian transfer Intra – Cyloplasmic sperm injection Surrogacy any 2 [2 x 1] 5 (a) Identical twins: Develop when a fertilised egg splits into two parts and each develops into an individual. Non identical : Two eggs are released instead of one, and each is fertilised by a different sperm. [2 x 2] (b) Enjoyment of two babies at once. Family complete with one pregnancy etc. [2 x 1] 6 Weaning : Gradual change over from a diet of milk to a variety of foods, both solid and liquid. [1] 7 Nature: Inherited intelligence/skills and abilities Nurture: Environmental influence on development [2 x 1]
Mark scheme, page 5
Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 8 Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch [4 x 1] 9 Production of milk Occurs 3 – 5 days after baby is born [2 x 1] [Total: 30] SECTION B 10 (a) Any four, 1 mark for reason, 1 mark for suitable way of comforting. Hunger – feed on demand (2 – 5 hours after last feed). Thirst – give boiled then cooled water. Discomfort – check nappy, temperature too hot or cold, light in eyes etc. Pain – if continuous, and ‘cuddling’ and holding does not comfort child; see doctor. Tiredness – ‘rock’ to sleep; leave to see if cries herself to sleep. Dislike of the dark – leave on a dim light. Loneliness – pick up and cuddle etc. Colic – pick up and cuddle etc., difficult to comfort. Boredom – carried around; prop up in pram; bouncing cradle. Noise – try to prevent sudden noises – cuddle; reassure. ‘Baby manage’ may be used in most of above, as may soothing music. [8] (b) Approximately 1 year [2] (c) Inherited pattern of development Other aspects of development may have come first Lack of individual attention from adults Lack of encouragement [4 x 1] (d) Any two examples – must be explained for 2 marks each: Conversation, stories, rhymes and jingles. [2 x 2] (e) Read stories to child Talk about stories and pictures Know some nursery rhymes Know that books are fun [4 x 1] (f) Board book: sturdy – can withstand being in babies mouths Texture book: encourage a child to be aware of the sense of touch Cloth book: washable and strong One example of each [3 x 1]
Mark scheme, page 6
Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 11 (a) Enables child to find out Helps towards happiness Helps to prevent boredom Helps to reduce stress Helps to divert aggressive instincts Each benefit must be explained for 2 marks [5 x 2] (b) One mark for each type plus one mark for suitable example. Any four from: Discovery play Physical play Creative play Imaginative play Manipulative play Social play Any suitable examples [4 x 2] (c) 1–2 years – bricks, picture books, push and pull toys, bells, beads etc. 2–3 years – toys that ‘unscrew’, posting box, pegboard and hammer, board colours etc. 3–5 years – drawing and painting sets, dressing up clothes, climbing frames, tricycles etc. Two examples of each [3 x 2] (d) Activity mat, squeakers, rattles etc. [1] 12 (a) Sore gums Increased dribbling Increased fist chewing Red cheek [4 x 1] (b) Cuddled and comforted Divert attention by giving different play ideas Going for a walk Playing music Telling a story/talking Three ideas or two well explained [3] (c) Milk teeth [1]
Mark scheme, page 7
Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (d) Fluoride – toothpaste, water supply, drops or tablets Calcium – milk, cheese, white bread, yoghurt, green vegetables etc. Vitamin A – milk, butter, margarine, carrots, green vegetables etc. Vitamin C – fruit and vegetables, breast milk etc. Vitamin D – margarine, butter, oily fish, eggs etc. Any 4 – 1 for substance, 1 for example of each [8 x 1] (e) Bacteria in mouth plus sugar from food acid which causes tooth decay [3] (f) Too much fat and sugar can cause obesity: More prone to pick up infections Difficult to break habit of early sweet foods Creates a life long problem Sugar causes tooth decay Causes malnutrition: children are not eating a balanced diet, so may develop deficiency diseases, some additives may cause side effects, e.g. hyperactivity. Any 3 well explained points [6] SECTION C 13 A higher level response will include full responses from each section. A medium level response will either fully respond to ode aspect and briefly the other section, or respond to each section, but without full explanations and discussing advantages. A low–level response will consist of a brief answer to one or both sections. [13–20] [7 – 12] [1 – 6] (a) Answers could include: A first baby A multiple birth A fifth or subsequent birth History of complications Previous stillbirth Narrow/misshapen pelvis Very large/very small/premature baby A very young mother A very overweight expectant mother Mother over 35 years old Known medical problems e.g. diabetes Previous operations on reproductive organs or caesarean section
Mark scheme, page 8
Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – JUNE 2005 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (b) Home Birth : All family involved Mother more relaxed in own home No transportation required Midwife can bring ‘TENS’, gas and air, and pethidine to the house Can sometimes hire a birth pool for home Freedom to move about anywhere in the home Midwife can carry out an episiotomy if required Mother can determine her own routines and meal times May experience less interference Can build up good relationship with the midwife who will deliver baby at home Hospital Birth: Trained staff available Equipment and staff available Forceps, ventouse, caesarean deliveries have to be carried out in hospital Epidural only available in hospital Emergency caesarean only available in hospital Parents reassured by ‘Safe environment’ After birth mother has constant support by midwives Midwives can give mother a break Can share experiences with mothers No worries of home life 14 A higher level response will include full responses: Inborn temperament – requires more careful handling than those who are placid by nature A child who has been made to feel extra special – due to being difficult to conceive/premature/delicate as a baby/or has been seriously ill Lack of parental control and guidance: − Parents who lack parental skills − Parents stressed by unemployment, lack of money, housing problems − Crisis in the family causing unsettlement for whole family − Parent having to look after another family member Wrong type of diet Strategies: Praise and encouragement for good behaviour, e.g. smiling/cuddling/friendly touches/enthusiasm/praising/ joining in play with child’s consent Cut down on constantly telling child what to do – only give instructions when absolutely necessary Try to say ‘No’ only when really required Do not criticise Introduce a balanced diet