Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2004 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 12 printed pages. SPA (NF/DR) S51441/4 © UCLES 2004 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 October/November 2004 2 hours Candidates answer Sections A and B on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section B Answer any two questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section C Answer one question. Write your answer on the separate Answer Booklet/Paper provided. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Centre Number Candidate Number Name If you have been given a label, look at the details. If any details are incorrect or missing, please fill in your correct details in the space given at the top of this page. Stick your personal label here, if provided. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section B Section C Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 0637/01/O/N/04 Section A Answer all questions. 1 Name two points a couple should consider before starting a family. 1. … 2. …[2] 2 Give the names of two inherited diseases. 1. … 2. …[2] 3 State two causes of infertility. 1. … 2. …[2] 4 What is meant by the term ‘breech birth’? …[1] 5 Name two reflex actions of a new-born baby. 1. … 2. …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

3 0637/01/O/N/04 [Turn over 6 The picture below shows a parent holding a newborn baby. Why is it important that a new-born baby’s head is supported? …[1] 7 What do you understand by the term ‘manipulative skills’? …[1] 8 Suggest four different types of family structures. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

4 0637/01/O/N/04 9 (a) Give two signs that a child may be feeling unwell. 1. … 2. …[2] (b) Suggest three ways a parent may prepare a child for a stay in hospital. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] 10 Explain two differences between: (i) adoption 1. … 2. …[2] (ii) fostering 1. … 2. …[2] 11 Name two ways a baby communicates with others before learning to talk. 1. … 2. …[2] 12 Children experience both positive and negative emotions. Suggest two positive and two negative emotions a child may be feeling. Positive 1. … 2. …[2] Negative 1. … 2. …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

5 0637/01/O/N/04 [Turn over Section B Answer two questions. 13 (a) Name two benefits of play. 1. … 2. …[2] (b) Play encourages all areas of development including social development. Name three stages of social play that all children go through. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (c) Give three other types of play. Give an example of an activity/game for each one. Play … Example … Play … Example … Play … Example …[6] (d) There are a wide variety of toys on the market. (i) Suggest four safety factors that parents should consider when buying toys. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

6 0637/01/O/N/04 (ii) Suggest three other factors that need to be considered if the toy is to be part of a child’s education. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (e) Suggest an appropriate toy for a six-month-old baby. …[1] (f) Explain how a set of stacking beakers could encourage developmental skills for a child aged one to five years old. Give examples to illustrate your answer. … … … … … …[6] 14 (a) What is meant by the term a ‘balanced diet’? …[1] (b) What do the following nutrients provide for the body: (i) protein … (ii) carbohydrate … (iii) fat …[3] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

7 0637/01/O/N/04 [Turn over (c) Suggest two good sources of food for each of the following vitamins and minerals: (i) Vitamin A 1. … 2. …[2] (ii) Vitamin C 1. … 2. …[2] (iii) Iron 1. … 2. …[2] (iv) Calcium 1. … 2. …[2] (d) Why is folic acid important in the diet of a pregnant woman? … …[2] (e) Suggest two ways a parent can help to reduce the amount of sugar in the diet of a child. 1. … 2. …[2] (f) Many parents use ready-prepared food products for their babies. Suggest two advantages and two disadvantages of using ready-prepared foods. Advantage 1 … Advantage 2 … Disadvantage 1 … Disadvantage 2 …[4] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

8 0637/01/O/N/04 (g) Explain the points parents should consider when planning meals for young children. … … … … …[5] 15 (a) Give the meaning of the term ‘immunisation’. …[1] (b) Name the two ways in which diseases can spread from person to person. 1. … 2. …[2] (c) Suggest three possible reasons why a child may not be able to have an immunisation or vaccination. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (d) Look at the table below. Complete the following information: [4] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004 Disease Symptoms Small red spots which turn to blisters then scab over Rubella Infection of the spinal cord causing fever and paralysis Mumps

9 0637/01/O/N/04 [Turn over (e) Name the three diseases which are included in the triple vaccine. D … T … P …[3] (f) Suggest three symptoms of the disease called meningitis. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (g) Describe the term ‘incubation period’. … …[2] (h) Suggest two emergencies that would require urgent treatment from the medical services. 1. … 2. …[2] (i) Explain how a parent may keep an unwell child clean, comfortable and occupied during a stay in bed. … … … … …[5] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

10 0637/01/O/N/04 16 (a) What is meant by the term ‘puberty’? …[1] (b) List two changes that occur in the body during puberty for: a girl 1. … 2. …[2] a boy 1. … 2. …[2] (c) Look at the diagram below of the male reproductive system. Label all the parts shown. [7] (d) Give the meaning of the term ‘ovulation’. …[1] (e) On which day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation normally occur. …[1] A B C D E F G For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

11 0637/01/O/N/04 [Turn over (f) Hormones play an important part in controlling the reproductive systems. (i) Name one of the female sex hormones. …[1] (ii) Name the male sex hormone. …[1] (g) The health of a woman before pregnancy is very important. Suggest four points a woman should consider before conception. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] (h) When considering starting a family, both partners should be ready to take on the extra responsibility of having a baby. Explain the factors, other than health, that a young couple should consider before having a baby. … … … … …[5] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

12 0637/01/O/N/04 Section C Answer one question. 17 A child’s intellectual development depends on many factors. • Describe how a parent can encourage a child’s intellectual development. • Explain the conditions which may hinder a child’s intellectual development. [20] 18 Family planning is now widely available. • Describe the advantages and disadvantages of three different types of contraceptives available from the doctor or clinic. • Explain the factors a young couple may consider before deciding which method of contraception is suitable for them. [20] University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2004

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the November 2004 question paper 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 (Theory), maximum mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the Examination. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the November 2004 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Grade thresholds taken for Syllabus 0637 (Child Development) in the November 2004 examination. minimum mark required for grade: maximum mark available A C E F Component 1 100 76 55 52 49 The threshold (minimum mark) for B is set halfway between those for Grades A and C. The threshold (minimum mark) for D is set halfway between those for Grades C and E. The threshold (minimum mark) for G is set as many marks below the F threshold as the E threshold is above it. Grade A* does not exist at the level of an individual component.

November 2004 INTERNATIONAL GCSE MARK SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 100 SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 0637/01 CHILD DEVELOPMENT (Theory)

Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Section A Answer all questions 1. ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Baby is ‘wanted’ Financial support Accommodation Maturity One partner may take a career break Restricted social life Long-lasting responsibility Extra expenses Loss of freedom Children are hard work A stable relationship 2 x 1 2. One mark for each correct answer. TWO required Cystic fibrosis Haemophilia Thalassaemia PKU Muscular dystrophy 2 x 1 3. ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Hormonal imbalance in woman Low sperm count Fibroids Endometriosis Failure to ovulate Blocked Fallopian tubes Cervical mucus too thick Cancer treatment Blocked tubes from testicles 2 x 1 4. ONE mark for the correct answer Being born bottom or legs first 1 x 1 5. ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Sucking/swallowing Walking/stepping Falling/Moro Startle Rooting Grasping 2 x 1

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 6. ONE mark for the correct answer The muscles in the neck are weak and undeveloped. The head should always be supported to prevent the head falling backwards 1 x 1 7. ONE mark for the correct answer The precise use of the hands and the fingers. Use of hands, eyes and brain being trained to co-ordinate 1 x 1 8. ONE mark for each correct answer. FOUR required Nuclear Extended Foster Step One/single/lone parent Shared-care 4 x 1 9. (a) ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Constantly runny nose Fever/very hot Loss of appetite Rash Vomiting Diarrhoea Unusually pale Fretfulness/restless Unnaturally quiet/limp Dull eyes 2 x 1 (b) ONE mark for each correct answer. THREE required Take some toys with them More toys to play with in hospital Take favourite nightwear in with them Doctors and nurses will look after them Other children to play with Parents can visit One parent may be allowed to stay with them Show them books about being in hospital 3 x 1

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 10. ONE mark for each of the following. FOUR required Adoption Permanent Legal process- natural parents give up all responsibility No financial support Adoptive parents take on all responsibility for child For lifetime Fostering Not permanent Financial support provided Short term Child can return to own home at any time No legal responsibility DO NOT ACCEPT OPPOSITE ANSWERS 4 x 1 11. ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Using hands Tone of voice Facial expression Using the eyes 2 x 1 12. ONE mark for each correct answer. FOUR required Positive Happy Excited Love Joy Pleasure Patience Negative Anger Resentment Guilt Hate Jealousy Impatience 4 x 1

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Section B Answer two questions 13. (a) ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Helps towards happiness Reduces stress Reduces boredom Helps divert aggressive instincts Enables children to find out about themselves and the world they live in e.g. Discovery P.I.E.S skills Experimenting Inventing Speech skills 2 x 1 (b) ONE mark for each correct answer. THREE required Solitary play Parallel play Looking-on play Joining-in play Co-operative play 3 x 1 (c) ONE mark for each correct type of play. THREE required ONE mark for each correct example. THREE required Any suitable activity can be accepted. NO REPEATS Discovery/exploratory play e.g. Involves the senses - taste, smell etc. Listening to sounds - rattles, music etc. Using different textures - water, sand, making cookies Using different sized beakers to play with Shapes, colours, size and weight can be learnt Imaginative play e.g. Role/pretend play-dressing up Doctors and nurses Physical play e.g. Running Kicking a ball Climbing Hop scotch Skipping Manipulative play e.g. Sewing cards Threading beads Dot to dot Drawing

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Creative play e.g. Painting Making models Playing with dough Building/construction Making music 3 x 1 (d) (i) ONE mark for each correct answer. FOUR required Check that fluffy toys are washable No sharp edges No loose parts Paint to be lead free Safety mark e.g. CE lion mark Free from spikes and staples Not to break easily Look for manufacturer’s instructions for use and care and age recommendations 4 x 1 (ii) ONE mark for each correct answer. THREE required Suitable for age of child Strong enough Help to develop new skills Be suitable for the ability of the child Appealing/interesting to the child Last a long time 3 x 1 (e) ONE mark for the correct answer Any suitable toy appropriate for a six month old baby e.g. Activity centres/mats Building bricks Musical toys Soft toys Rattles Plastic keys 1 x 1 (f) ONE mark for each correct answer. SIX required Stacking beakers encourage all areas of development (P.I.E.S) Grasping/holding the beakers - physical Recognition of colours - intellectual Filling with sand/water - intellectual Playing with others - social/emotional Building in a tower - physical Knocking down a tower - emotional Counting - intellectual Learning about size - intellectual All these can be learnt from playing with the beakers as the child develops through the stages. 6 x 1

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 14. (a) ONE mark for the correct answer Is one that contains the right amounts of all the necessary nutrients/food substances 1 x 1 (b) ONE mark for each correct answer. THREE required Protein - growth and repair Secondary source of energy Carbohydrate - energy Fat - warmth and energy 3 x 1 (c) ONE mark for each correct answer. EIGHT required Vitamin A e.g. milk, butter, carrots, margarine, fish liver oils, green vegetables, cheese, oily fish Vitamin C e.g. citrus fruits, blackcurrants, green vegetables Iron e.g red meat, liver, eggs, green vegetables, dried fruit, Cocoa, plain chocolate Calcium e.g. milk, cheese, yogurt, green vegetables, white bread DO NOT ACCEPT REPEATS 2 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1 (d) TWO marks for the correct answer Helps to prevent defects in the foetus e.g. spina bifida 2 x 1 (e) ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Give children diluted, unsweetened drinks Avoid fizzy/sugary drinks Avoid adding sugar to foods and drinks Limit the amount of sweet foods Provide pieces of fruit/vegetables for snacks 2 x I (f) ONE mark for each correct advantage. TWO required ONE mark for each correct disadvantage. TWO required Advantages Quick to prepare Easy instructions to follow Variety of different flavours Useful for travelling/holidays 2 x 1

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Disadvantages Expensive May be high in sugar May be high in fat Baby will not be used to eating what the rest of the family eats 2 x 1 (g) ONE mark for each correct answer. FIVE required Include foods high in fibre Ensure there is a balance of nutrients Provide a variety of foods Provide a variety of textures Make the food colourful Ensure food will look attractive Small portions Choose healthy methods of cooking e.g. grilling Plenty of healthy drinks should be provided 5 x 1 15. (a) ONE mark for the correct answer. A vaccine is given to make the body produce antibodies to fight infection. 1 x 1 (b) ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Droplet infection - sneezing, coughing, singing, talking Contact - kissing, touching, sharing toys, sharing towels 2 x 1 (c) ONE mark for each correct answer. THREE required A fever Taking medication A bad reaction to a previous immunisation A severe reaction after eating eggs A convulsion/fit at any time 3 x 1 (d) One mark for each correct answer. FOUR required Chickenpox Red rash with swollen glands Polio Painful swellings near the jaw on one or both sides 4 x 1 (e) ONE mark for each correct answer. THREE required Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis 3 x 1

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (f) ONE mark for each correct answer. THREE required Babies High-pitched moaning cry Difficult to wake Bulging fontanelle Blank expression Arched back Children Severe headache Stiff neck Drowsiness Painful joints Dislike of bright lights Fever (possible cold hands and feet) Vomiting Rash 3 x 1 (g) TWO marks for the correct answer. The time between the entry of the germs into the body and the appearance of the symptoms 2 x 1 (h) ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Severe bleeding Severe burns Severe pain Severe vomiting or diarrhoea Swallowing poison Unconsciousness Difficulty in breathing Fit/convulsion Swallowing a dangerous object e.g. safety pin 2 x 1 (i) ONE mark for each correct answer. FIVE required Wash face and hands regularly Clean teeth Warm room Room well ventilated Straighten bedclothes Change bedclothes/nightwear as necessary Tray of toys/games Music Books 5 x 1 16. (a) ONE mark for the correct answer. The length of time changing from childhood to adulthood 1 x 1

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (b) ONE mark for each correct answer. FOUR required Girls Pubic hair Menstruation begins Breasts develop Underarm hair Fat laid down in the hips Boys Pubic hair Body hair Genitals enlarge Voice deepens Muscles develop in shoulders and arms 4 x 1 (c) ONE mark for each correct answer. SEVEN required A = seminal vesicle B = penis C = scrotum D = foreskin E = testis F = urethra G= sperm tube (vas deferens) 7 x 1 (d) ONE mark for the correct answer. The release of the egg from an ovary 1 x 1 (e) ONE mark for the correct answer. The 14th day 1 x 1 (f) ONE mark for each correct answer. TWO required Female Oestrogen Progesterone Male Testosterone 2 x 1 (g) ONE mark for each correct answer. FOUR required Nutritious diet Not to be overweight Stop smoking Stop drinking alcohol Stop taking drugs/medicines without doctor's permission To have genetic counselling Check with G.P. on immunity to Rubella To be as healthy as possible Folic acid supplements - 3 months before conception 4 x 1

Page 10 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (h) ONE mark for each correct answer. FIVE required Stable relationship Maturity Financial situation Accommodation Career break for one partner Extra expenses for equipment Cost of child care Consider closeness of pre-schools/parks Garden to play in Accept the full time responsibility 5 x 1 Section C Answer one question 17. A high level response = 14-20 The candidate is likely to cover both parts of the question in depth and detail. Will provide a balanced answer on parents’ encouragement and conditions that may hinder intellectual development. The development of a child’s mind will depend on the encouragement that parent’s provide. Help can be provided in the following ways: Talking to the child Playing with the child Providing a variety of toys and objects to stimulate imagination Allowing to practise new skills e.g. dressing, drawing, feeding him/herself Playing with other children Being creative Listening to stories Looking at books Allowed to explore new places Being curious Asking questions and to have them answered The following conditions can slow down the rate of development of a child’s mind: Lack of opportunities for playing Nothing of interest for the child to do Constant nagging or bullying Deafness Poor eyesight Poor concentration Frequent illness Frequent absence from school Lack of opportunities for talking Not taking child out to different places If the conditions last for too long they may prevent the full development of the child’s intelligence.

Page 11 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 A mid range response = 7-13 A mid range candidate will cover many points but the response will lack depth and detail. Candidates in the lower mark range may only concentrate on one part of the question making brief comments about the second part. A low level response = 0-6 The candidate is likely to mention some points on encouragement but only superficially. The candidates may only answer one part of the question. 18. A high level response = 14-20 The good candidate will cover the advantages and the disadvantages precisely and explain in detail the factors a couple may consider in choosing a method of contraception. Combined pill Advantages • Protects against cancer of ovaries • Suitable up to the age of the menopause • Reduces period pain, bleeding and PMT • Does not interrupt love-making Disadvantages • Some medicines stop the pill from working • Is not effective if taken more than 12 hours late, after vomiting or severe diarrhoea • Not suitable for all women • Have to remember to take it • Rare, but serious side effects e.g. blood clots Progestogen only pill (mini-pill) Advantages • Suitable for older women who smoke • Can be used when breastfeeding Disadvantages • Irregular periods • Less effective in heavier women • Must be taken at the same time each day • Medicines may stop it from working • Not effective if taken over 3 hours late, after vomiting or severe diarrhea

Page 12 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 Contraceptive injection Advantages • Protects against pregnancy for 12 weeks • Do not have to think about it • May protect against cancer of the uterus Disadvantages • Irregular periods • Possible side effects e.g. weight gain, headaches, acne • Regular periods and fertility may take a year or two to return to normal after coming off the injection • Hormone cannot be removed from body so any side effects will have to be put up with • Medicines may affect injection Contraceptive implants Advantages • A single tube protects against pregnancy for up to 3 years/others up to 5 years • Do not have to think about it • Once implant has been removed fertility returns straight away Disadvantages • Irregular periods • Removal of implant often difficult • Possible side effects include headaches, mood changes and weight gain • Some medicines may affect implant I.U.D. Intrauterine device Advantages • Works as soon as inserted • Can stay in place for three to ten years • Do not have to think about it Disadvantages • Periods may be heavier and longer • Not suitable for women who already have heavier periods • Not suitable for women at risk from sexual transmitted disease

Page 13 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 I.U.S Intrauterine system Advantages • Prevents pregnancy for five years • Periods will be lighter and shorter • Works as soon as it is inserted • Do not have to think about it Disadvantages • Irregular light bleeding for first three months • Temporary side effects include acne and breast tenderness Female sterilisation Advantages • Permanent • Do not need to think about it Disadvantages • Fallopian tubes may rejoin • Contraception must be used until the first period after the operation Male sterilisation - vasectomy Advantages • Permanent • Do not need to think about it Disadvantages • Vas deferens may rejoin • Usually takes a few months for no sperm to be present • Contraception must be used until there are two negative semen tests Couples will need to consider carefully the various methods of contraception available if they do not want a baby. Using this knowledge they are able to plan their family and only have a baby when they want one.

Page 14 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0637 1 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 The following factors will affect the decision of which method to choose: Individual preference - some methods of contraception may not appeal to the couple for a number of reasons i.e. the female may not want to use a method that involves putting hormones into her body as with the pill Religious beliefs - a Roman Catholic may only want to use the natural method as any of the other methods are against their beliefs Age - older women may not be able to use the combined pill or younger women may be advised not to have an I.U.D fitted as these are really only suitable for those who have already had a baby. Whether short or long term method is required - depends on the time that the couple wish to use the method for e.g. using the contraceptive injection may affect the return of regular periods for up to one to two years. Reliability of the method - some are more reliable than others and only work if they are used correctly. A mid range response = 7-13 A mid range response will name method correctly and provide some advantages and disadvantages. The second part of the question will be answered briefly but will lack detail. Candidates in the lower mark range will only answer the first part of the question correctly. A low level response = 0-6 A low level candidate may only answer the first part of the question and the answers given may only mention the names of the methods and advantages and disadvantages may be muddled.