Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2003 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page. SP (KN/KN) S30323/5 © CIE 2003 [Turn over CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/01 Paper 1 May/June 2003 2 hours Candidates answer Sections A and B on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, music or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section B Answer any two questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section C Answer one question. Write your answer on the separate Answer Booklet/Paper provided. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Centre Number Candidate Number Name If you have been given a label, look at the details. If any details are incorrect or missing, please fill in your correct details in the space given at the top of this page. Stick your personal label here, if provided. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section C Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 0637/1/M/J/03 Section A Answer all questions. 1 Name two different family structures. 1. … 2. …[2] 2 Give three needs of a child that a family can provide. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] 3 Suggest two reasons for a couple being infertile. 1. … 2. …[2] 4 Look at the diagram below. Label all the parts as shown. [7] … … … … … … … For Examiner’s Use

3 0637/1/M/J/03 [Turn over 5 Vaccinations are available for certain diseases: (a) give the name to the vaccine that is given orally (by mouth); …[1] (b) name the three diseases that are included in the DTP vaccine. D…[1] T…[1] P…[1] 6 Describe the first aid treatment given for the following: (a) a burn … …[2] (b) swallowing bleach … …[2] (c) choking of a 4 year old child … …[2] 7 Suggest two signs that may indicate a baby is teething. 1. … 2. …[2] 8 Give two skills required before a child can begin to write. 1. … 2. …[2] 9 Suggest two pre-reading activities that should be encouraged by parents. 1. … 2. …[2] For Examiner’s Use

4 0637/1/M/J/03 Section B Answer two questions. 10 (a) What do you understand by the term ‘ante-natal care’? … …[2] An expectant mother attends an ante-natal clinic. (b) Give three regular tests that may be carried out at an ante-natal clinic. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (c) Suggest three reasons why an ultrasound scan is carried out. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (d) (i) Suggest one reason for having an amniocentesis test. …[1] (ii) Describe how an amniocentesis test is carried out. … …[2] An expectant mother often attends ante-natal classes. (e) (i) Suggest four pieces of information that may be given at an antenatal class. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] For Examiner’s Use

5 0637/1/M/J/03 [Turn over (ii) Explain why it is helpful for the father to attend an ante-natal class. … … … …[4] (f) Explain the effects of smoking on an unborn baby. … … … … … …[6] 11 (a) What is the first set of baby clothes called? …[1] (b) Suggest two items of clothing that a young baby may wear. 1. … 2. …[2] (c) Name four points to consider when buying baby clothing. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] (d) Suggest two advantages of using disposable nappies. 1. … 2. …[2] For Examiner’s Use

6 0637/1/M/J/03 (e) Look at the picture of the pram. Name three points to look for when purchasing a pram. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (f) Suggest three ways a parent may make the home a safer place for the baby. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (g) (i) Suggest two toys that could be found in a young baby’s bedroom. 1. … 2. …[2] (ii) How might each toy help with a baby’s development? 1. … 2. …[2] (h) Explain how parents can help a new born baby develop emotionally and socially. … … … … … …[6] For Examiner’s Use

7 0637/1/M/J/03 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 12 (a) What do you understand by the term ‘cognitive development’? …[1] (b) The intelligence of a child depends on two main factors. Name the two main factors. 1. … 2. …[2] (c) List four ways a parent can encourage intellectual development in the first year. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] (d) Give four conditions which may hinder the development of intelligence in an older child. 1. … 2. … 3. … 4. …[4] (e) Suggest two ways in which books can be used to help a child develop their intelligence. 1. … 2. …[2] (f) Suggest three ways a parent can encourage a child to develop number concepts. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] Role-play is an important part of learning. (g) (i) What is role-play? …[1] (ii) How can role-play help a child to learn? … …[2]

8 0637/1/M/J/03 (h) Explain how parents can provide conditions in which children can learn to the best of their ability. … … … … … …[6] 13 (a) (i) Give two ways a baby may communicate with others before learning to talk. 1. … 2. …[2] (ii) What is this type of communication called? …[1] (b) List three ways children learn to talk. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (c) Complete the table below. [4] For Examiner’s Use Average Pattern of speech development age gurgling and babbling 9 months mum-mum, dad-dad can form a simple sentence 1 year 3 years

9 0637/1/M/J/03 [Turn over (d) Suggest three reasons for a child being slow in learning to talk. 1. … 2. … 3. …[3] (e) (i) At what age are children likely to develop a stutter? …[1] (ii) How can a parent help a child overcome this problem? … …[2] (f) (i) Suggest one reason why a deaf child will not be able to learn to talk. …[1] (ii) Why may a parent not recognise that their baby is deaf? … …[2] (g) (i) Explain why it is important that deafness is recognised at an early age. … … …[3] (ii) What advice would you give to a parent who thinks their child may be deaf? … … …[3] For Examiner’s Use

10 0637/1/M/J/03 Section C Answer one question. 14 Weaning is the gradual change from milk to solid foods. (a) Discuss the suitable foods available for a baby during the weaning period. (b) What advice would you give parents on ensuring that their child enjoys mealtimes? [20] 15 (a) Describe the three stages of labour. (b) Explain the different methods of pain relief available. [20]

12 0637/1/M/J/03 Copyright Acknowledgement: Question 4 Pamela Minett. Child Care and Development. Reproduced by permission of John Murray. Question 11e Pamela Minett. Child Care and Development. Reproduced by permission of John Murray. Cambridge International Examinations has made every effort to trace copyright holders, but if we have inadvertently overlooked any we will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

June 2003 INTERNATIONAL GCSE MARKING SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 100 SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 0637/01 CHILD DEVELOPMENT Paper 1 www.XtremePapers.com

Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 0637 1 © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 Section A 1 ONE mark for each answer TWO required Step Nuclear Extended Foster Adopted Single/one parent 2 ONE mark for each answer THREE required Love/care Warmth Clothing Shelter Support Praise Protection Encouragement Secure environment Training 3 ONE mark for each correct answer TWO required Low sperm count Blocked Fallopian tubes Failure to ovulate Thick cervical mucus in the cervix Cancer treatment 4 ONE mark for each correct answer SEVEN required i - placenta ii - umbilical cord iii - amniotic sac iv - cervical mucus v - cervix vi - foetus vii - uterus wall 5 (a) ONE mark for the correct answer Polio (b) ONE mark for each correct answer THREE required Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 0637 1 © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 6 TWO marks for each correct answer THREE required (a) Running cold water for 10 mins. Dry and cover with a gauze dressing if appropriate. (b) keep calm do not make the child sick, go to hospital and take the poison with you. (c) bend child over your knees and give sharp slaps between the shoulder blades. 7 ONE mark for each correct answer TWO required Sore gums Red cheek Increased dribbling Increased fist chewing/chewing objects Not sucking 8 ONE mark for each correct answer TWO required Holding and controlling a pencil Forming letter shapes Learning to spell Writing in a straight line 9 ONE mark for each correct answer TWO required Read stories to the child Know some nursery rhymes Know that books are fun Opportunities to talk about stories and pictures Parents seen reading Section B 10 (a) TWO marks for the correct answer Before birth (b) ONE mark for each correct answer THREE required Blood pressure Weight Urine Examination of the uterus Blood Baby's heartbeat

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 0637 1 © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 (c) ONE mark for each correct answer THREE required Baby’s heartbeat Position of the placenta Size of baby Position of baby Age of baby Sex of baby Number of babies To detect abnormalities (d) (i) ONE mark for the correct answer When the triple test (AFP) or ultrasound indicate there may be a possible problem. (ii) TWO marks for the correct answer A hollow needle is inserted through the mother's abdominal wall and into the uterus to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid. (e) (i) ONE mark for each correct answer FOUR required Diet and health in pregnancy How baby develops How baby will be born Preparing for labour Types of pain-relief Breast-feeding How to look after the baby (ii) TWO marks for each correct answer TWO required To provide help and encouragement to mother Understand the progress of pregnancy How he can be supportive Needs to be prepared for what is to happen (f) TWO marks for each correct answer THREE required May have a smaller baby More likely to have a miscarriage More likely to have a baby that is stillborn May damage brain cells After birth, babies inhaling smoke may be more affected with lung problems More at risk of cot death

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 0637 1 © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 11 (a) ONE mark for the correct answer Layette (b) ONE mark for each correct answer TWO required Bodysuits Vests Sleepsuits Cardigan Pramsuits Bootees Mittens Hat Shawl Socks (c) ONE mark for each correct answer FOUR required Suit the climate Loose Comfortable Porous Flame-resistant Non-irritant/soft Lightweight Easy to wash and dry Easy to put on and take off No loose buttons/long ribbons etc. (d) ONE mark for each answer TWO required Quick and easy Available in different sizes Nappies for day and night time Stretch waist for comfy fit Fastening tapes – easy to use Nappies designed to prevent sore bottoms Can be thrown away therefore no washing required (e) ONE mark for each correct answer THREE required Efficient brakes Stable Easy to steer Anchor points for safety harness The right height for parent Value for money Safety mark A basket for shopping underneath to avoid bags tipping up the pram

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 0637 1 © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 (f) ONE mark for each correct answer THREE required Corner covers e.g. tables Keep dangerous objects out of the way, e.g. knives, plastic bags, etc. Safety barriers/gates Plastic socket covers Fireguard Cookerguard Non-slip floors Keep chairs away from windows Child locks on cupboards Windows locked Toughened glass in doors (g) (i)(ii) ONE mark for each correct toy TWO required ONE mark for each correct development TWO required Mobiles – vision Activity centre/gym – co-ordination, hearing, vision Musical toy – hearing Soft toys – manipulative skills, emotional and social Rattles – manipulative skills Any suitable toy with a relevant development (h) TWO marks required for each correct answer THREE required Talking to the baby To include the baby within the family so baby is aware of different sounds Skin to skin contact Eye to eye contact Cuddling the baby Keeping the baby close when doing household chores etc. 12 (a) ONE mark for the correct answer Development of the mind/brain Understanding/reasoning (b) ONE mark for each correct answer TWO required Genes – nature Environment – nurture (c) ONE mark for each correct answer FOUR required Talking Playing Place in a position where the baby can see Provide toys/objects Allow to practise new skills Read and tell stories Show pictures

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 0637 1 © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 (d) ONE mark for each correct answer FOUR required Lack of opportunities Nothing of interest Constant nagging Deafness Poor eyesight Poor concentration Frequent illness Frequent absence from school (e) ONE mark for each correct answer TWO required Increase knowledge Increase awareness Helps in listening Helps in concentration Develops an awareness of colours/shapes/size and numbers (f) ONE mark for each correct answer THREE required Having a conversation with numbers in Stories Nursery rhymes Matching objects to numbers Repeating numbers Learn to recognise and write numbers (g) (i) ONE mark for the correct answer Acting out adult jobs and responsibilities (ii) TWO marks for the correct answer Become aware of the world around them Understand how others behave (h) TWO marks for each correct answer THREE required Provide plenty of opportunities Give support and encouragement/praise Help them to understand Tell them what is happening Help to recall Set a good example 13 (a) (i) ONE mark for each correct answer TWO required Using eyes Using the hands Expression on the face Tone of voice

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 0637 1 © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 (ii) ONE mark for the correct answer Non-verbal communication (b) ONE mark for each correct answer THREE required Others talking to them Listening Practising making sounds Copying sounds made by others Learning what the sounds mean (c) ONE mark for each correct answer FOUR required i – three months ii – two years iii – understand that sounds have meanings iv – carry on a simple conversation (d) ONE mark for each correct answer THREE required Inherited pattern of development Concentrating on other aspects of development Lack of encouragement Lacking in individual attention from adults Premature baby Only child (e) (i) ONE mark for the correct answer 2-4 years (ii) TWO marks for the correct answer Be patient Do not speak the words for the child Do not fuss Do not correct the child (f) (i) ONE mark for the correct answer Will not hear sounds – will not be able to copy sounds (ii) TWO marks for the correct answer Up to 6 months the baby will gurgle as other babies The baby will respond in other ways, i.e. to what they can see and to vibration, e.g. door banging (g) (i) THREE marks for the correct answer So that treatment can be given as early as possible So the child can be trained to reduce the effect of the handicap

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 0637 1 © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 (ii) THREE marks for the correct answer Obtain advice from doctor or health clinic Routine tests are carried out regularly to test for deafness Regular visits to health visitor/clinic to keep up to date with screening tests Section C 14 Marks are awarded according to quality of response. High level response 14-20 A good candidate will cover a wide variety of foods that are suitable for a baby during the whole weaning period in well-documented detail. The response will also cover advice for parents on mealtimes ensuring that the child enjoys the experience in both a positive and negative approach. Mid-range response 7-13 A mid-level candidate will cover foods available in some detail and offer advice for parents, but will lack detail. Low level response 0-6 A low-level candidate will mention some foods although this will lack detail and offer very limited advice for parents. Look for: Foods such as baby rice, mashed potato and gravy, mashed banana, stewed fruit, steamed vegetables, meat stew that have been made into a puree or put through a blender for a young baby. A 6 month old baby can chew so foods such as rusks, sandwiches, piece of fruit, toast, cheese are suitable. 9 months to 1 year babies are on a diet of solid foods and may have given up the bottle or breast and are eating a range of foods like the rest of the family. There may be a mention of commercially prepared foods. Enjoying mealtimes advice may include: Serving food attractively A variety of food Serving small portions Ensuring the food is not too hot Avoiding strong flavours Setting a good example Making mealtimes a social, happy time.

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 0637 1 © University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 15 Marks are awarded according to the quality of the response. High-level response 14-20 A good candidate will provide all the three stages of labour in the correct order and in detail. The methods of pain relief will be covered in detail and show a wide variety. Mid-level response 7-13 A mid-level candidate will give the stages of labour in some detail and in the correct order. A few methods of pain relief will be covered. Low-level response 0-6 A low-level candidate will go through the process of labour but not in any detail or may be not in the usual order. Methods of pain relief will be brief. Look for: Stage one The neck of the uterus opens. A show-blood stained mucus comes away. The breaking of the waters and regular contractions. During the first stage the contractions slowly pull open the cervix until it is 10cm wide. This is the longest stage of labour and is at an end when the cervix is fully open. Stage two The baby passes through the birth canal. The uterus, cervix and vagina have now become the birth canal. The contractions are very strong and push the baby along the canal. The mother must also push. Crowning is when the baby's head appears from the vagina. The rest of the body follows and the baby is born. An episiotomy is often made to help the baby out. Stage three The baby becomes a separate person. The umbilical cord is cut and the contractions continue and push out the placenta. Methods of pain relief: Relaxation and breathing exercises – natural way of giving birth. Birthing pools – filled with warm water helps the mother to relax. Pethidine – an injection to ease the pain; can make the baby drowsy. Gas and air – breathed through a mask or mouth piece. Epidural anaesthetic – numbs the lower abdomen, needs to be inserted by a specialist. Music and aromatherapy – may need to be arranged by the mother in advance. TENS machine – pads that are placed on the mother's back and connected to a device that can control pain with a weak electric current.

Grade thresholds taken for Syllabus 0637 (Child Development) in the June 2003 examination. minimum mark required for grade: maximum mark available A C E F Component 1 100 73 47 36 29 The threshold (minimum mark) for B is set halfway between those for Grades A and C. The threshold (minimum mark) for D is set halfway between those for Grades C and E. The threshold (minimum mark) for G is set as many marks below the F threshold as the E threshold is above it. Grade A* does not exist at the level of an individual component.