Cambridge IGCSE Agriculture 0600 — 2009 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages. IB09 11_0600_02/3RP © UCLES 2009 [Turn over *6781280201* UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education AGRICULTURE 0600/02 Paper 2 October/November 2009 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) Trees provide man with timber. State a use for timber on the farm. [1] (b) Trees provide food for farm animals, such as goats. Suggest one other thing that trees provide for farm animals. [1] (c) Name a cereal crop used by man for food. [1] (d) Livestock are used by man. Place ticks (
) in Table 1.1 to indicate the main use or uses of the listed animals. Use only six ticks. Table 1.1 animal meat milk skins transport donkey rabbit goat [3] (e) Farm products can be used in three ways: 1 for use locally; 2 for sale in nearby markets; 3 for export. (i) State one advantage of exporting goods. [1] (ii) State one disadvantage of exporting goods. [1]

3 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (f) As more countries become industrialised there is more need for fuel. Coal and oil, which are used for fuel, are running out. Crops can be grown and used for fuel rather than food. Fig. 1.1 is a bar chart that shows the benefits of growing crops for fuel in different parts of the world. North America Central America South America Northern Africa Western Africa Eastern Africa Southern Africa OECD Europe Eastern Europe South Asia East Asia South East Asia 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 benefit of energy crops (arbitary units) continents America Africa Europe Asia Fig. 1.1 (i) List the continents in the order in which they benefit from growing ‘fuel’ crops. Use the information in the bar chart. most benefit least benefit [2] (ii) Suggest a reason to explain why so little benefit is possible in the continent you placed at the bottom of the list. [1] [Total 11]

4 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows a soil profile. surface vegetation layer A B C Fig. 2.1 (i) Name layer C. (ii) In which layer would most living organisms be found? [2] (b) Complete Table 2.1 that compares the particle size of different soil types. Table 2.1 Name of soil particle Particle size (mm) gravel over 2.0 2.0 - 0.02 silt clay less than 0.002 [2]

5 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Fig 2.2 shows pie charts that represent the composition of four soils, A, B, C and D. A B C D key coarse sand fine sand silt clay Fig. 2.2 Which soil would not drain well? Give a reason for your answer. [2] (d) (i) Describe a pipe drain. [2] (ii) Suggest why pipe drains are used rather than ditches to drain grazing land. [1] [Total: 9]

6 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 3 (a) Many food crops are now sold as ‘organic’. State how food crops qualify to be classed as organic. [2] (b) Fertilisers provide cereals with nutrients. State two disadvantages of using organic fertilisers, such as FYM (Kraal manure). 1 2 [2] (c) Fig. 3.1 shows a bag of inorganic fertiliser. Fertliser N:P:K 2:1:2 Fig. 3.1 (i) What does K stand for? (ii) Why is K needed by cereal crops? [2]

7 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) Cereals are often grown in rotation with legumes such as cow peas and ground nuts. Describe what is meant by rotation. [2] (e) Fig. 3.2 shows the nitrogen cycle. nitrogen gas in the air nitrogen gas from the air nitrogen gas into the air nitrogen compounds in the soil lightning creates nitrogen compounds humus dead plants, dead animals and animal droppings decay legumes herbivore eats plants carnivore eats herbivore Fig. 3.2 Nitrogen fixation takes place at several places in the cycle. Write the letter F in two places on Fig. 3.2 to show where nitrogen fixation occurs. [2] [Total: 10]

8 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 4 (a) State two effects wind can have on a growing cereal crop. 1 2 [2] (b) Plants can be grown in enclosed conditions. This creates high humidity around the seedlings. Fig. 4.1 shows seedlings being grown in a glass cloche. glass cloche Fig. 4.1 State two possible effects that the high humidity has on the seedlings. 1 2 [2]

9 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 4.2 shows the pathway taken by water through a plant. A B C Fig. 4.2 (i) What name is given to the process taking place at A? [1] (ii) Name the structure inside the stem, B, in which water travels. [1] Water is entering the plant at C by osmosis. (iii) Define osmosis. [2] [Total: 8]

10 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 5 Pests can be controlled by using chemicals. Fig. 5.1 shows the protective clothes worn when using pesticides. long rubber gloves long trousers over rubber boots rubber boots Fig. 5.1 (a) Which two other items shown below, should be worn when mixing very toxic fluids? Tick (
) the items you have chosen. face shield waterproof hat goggles respirator [2] Fig. 5.2 (b) State two precautions, other than wearing protective clothing, which should be taken when spraying pesticides. 1 2 [2]

11 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Explain how pollution could occur during the cleaning of spraying equipment. [2] (d) Describe the biological control of a named pest. [2] [Total: 8]

12 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows the reproductive system of a male ruminant. Fig. 6.2 shows the cross section of a bean flower. Fig. 6.1 Fig. 6.2 Using label lines, identify with: (i) the letter P the penis in Fig. 6.1; (ii) the letter G on Fig. 6.1 and Fig. 6.2 to show where male gametes are made; (iii) the letter F on Fig. 6.2 to show where fertilisation takes place in the bean. [4] (b) Male farm animals can be castrated by having their testicles removed. Suggest two effects this might have on the animal. 1 2 [2] (c) Define lactation. [1] (d) Give two reasons why colostrum is important to the young animal. [2] [Total: 9]

13 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a broiler chicken and a broiler chick. Fig. 7.1 chick Broilers take 52 days to grow ready for market. This rapid growth will not be achieved if the chicks become ill. (i) Give two signs which indicate that a chick is ill. 1 2 [2] (ii) State what action should be taken by the farmer if a chick becomes ill. [1] (b) Rapid growth in broilers will be prevented if the chicks are not fed correctly. Complete Table 7.1 that lists the constituents of a balanced diet and their role in the animal. Table 7.1 Food constituent Role in the animal growth and development carbohydrate fat (lipids) cell membranes and a reserve of energy mineral salts growth and development needed in very small amounts for health and condition fibre ease of digestion [3]

14 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (c) Would the ration required by the growing chick be classed as a maintenance diet or a production diet? Give a reason for your answer. [1] (d) Rapid growth in broilers will only be achieved if the breeding of the chicks is correct. Breeding in chicks is controlled by genes. (i) What is a gene? [1] A broiler that gets a dominant growth gene M, from each of its parents, will grow faster than a broiler that only has the recessive m genes. (ii) Complete the following genetic diagram. cockerel hen MM genes possible chick genes Mm … … × [1] (e) A breeding programme to improve growth rates by artificial selection is to be set up. Explain why selecting a cockerel with the genes Mm to mate with a hen with genes Mm would not be a suitable cross. [2] [Total 11]

15 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows two livestock buildings A and B. corrugated iron roof brick and cement walls wire netting windows corrugated iron roof pole and wire netting walls with sacking at ends 2 m high at front 1.6 m high at back A Fig. 8.1 B (i) Draw a roof truss suitable for building A. [1] (ii) Give two reasons why the corner posts in building B should be set in concrete. 1 2 [2] (iii) Suggest why building B provides better ventilation for the livestock. [1] (iv) Suggest why building A provides more protection from predators. [1]

16 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (b) Describe how to provide a livestock building with a constant water supply from a nearby stream. [3] [Total: 8]

17 © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use 9 (a) Name a local grass planted in grazing pasture. [1] (b) Table 9.1 compares the characteristics of various pasture grasses. Table 9.1 Grass characteristics Grass type Growth rate Digestibility Yield Soil preference Other features A fast very good very high loam coarse leaves B slow good fair heavy tall stems C slow fair, fibrous high sandy deep roots D fast very good high moist fine leaves (i) Which grass produces the highest digestibility and the highest yield? [1] (ii) Which grass would survive overgrazing best? Give a reason for your choice. [1] (iii) Which grass would be suited for rotational grazing? Give a reason for your choice. [1] (iv) Which grass would not benefit from the addition of lime? Give a reason for your choice. [1] (c) What is meant by carrying capacity? [1] [Total: 6]

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20 Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 8 Fig. 8. 1 © Geoff Owen; Ordinary Level Agriculture for Central Africa; Longman; 1984. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2009 0600/02/O/N/09 BLANK PAGE

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2009 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0600 AGRICULTURE 0600/02 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2009 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0600 02 © UCLES 2009 1 (a) fencing/building/burning; [1] (b) shelter; [1] (c) maize/wheat/millet/oats/rice/sorghum; [1] (d) donkey – transport; one tick in wrong place 2 marks rabbit – meat – skins; two ticks in wrong places 1 mark goat – meat – milk – skin; [3] (e) (i) provides money/foreign exchange; [1] (ii) high fuel/transport costs; causes shortages at home; any one [1] (f) (i) America – Asia – Europe – Africa; all right 2 marks two right/all correct but reverse order/ correct but with North, East etc 1mark [2] (ii) Africa needs all the limited fertile land for food production/Africa very infertile/ low CO2 emissions/little industry; [1] [Total: 11] 2 (a) (i) bedrock; accept parent rock (ii) A; [2] (b) sand; 0.02 – 0.002; accept 0.002 – 0.02 [2] (c) A; if clay is stated here and there is correct explanation following 1 mark because it consists of clay/small particles close together; [2] (d) (i) construction detail; depth detail; [2] (ii) animals fall in open ditches/saves space/can cause erosion; [1] [Total: 9]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0600 02 © UCLES 2009 3 (a) grown without artificial/man-made chemical fertiliser/ grown with only organic (FYM) fertiliser; grown without chemical pesticides/herbicides; reject grown without chemicals [2] (b) amount of nutrient added cannot be quantified; time of application limited; seeds/pests can be introduced any 2 reject smell accept bulky to use [2] (c) (i) potassium; (ii) improved seed/fruit; [2] (d) different crops grown in one area at different times/seasons; regular sequence; example given/benefit stated; any 2 [2] (e) on any of the arrows coming from nitrogen gas in the air; [2] [Total: 10] 4 (a) cause excess water loss/wilting; flatten crop; reject damage unless qualified introduce fungal infection; promote pollination; any 2 [2] (b) provides conditions suitable for fungal infection; rapid/weak growth; delicate seedlings/need to harden off carefully any 2 accept prevents excess transpiration accept seeds can rot [2] (c) (i) transpiration; (ii) xylem; accept vascular bundle [2] (iii) movement of water (molecules) from a region of its high concentration to a region were it is in low concentration; through a semi permeable membrane; [2] [Total: 8]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0600 02 © UCLES 2009 5 (a) goggles; respirator; [2] (b) not in windy/rainy conditions; answers must relate to spraying direct nozzle close to target; reject wash hands/mix correctly not spray near water source; [2] (c) not using enough water to dilute chemicals; water used leaches to water course / persists in soil; accept washing equipment in streams [2] (d) named pest and control organism; method of control – predation/parasitic; [2] [Total: 8] 6 (a) (i) P on penis; reject on foreskin (ii) G on testis; G on anther; reject on stigma (iii) F on ovary/ovule; [4] (b) will not be fertile/no male activity; reject may be infertile aggressive/calm; grow quicker/more fat; any 2 [2] (c) period when mother provides milk for young; [1] (d) provides antibodies/immunity/disease resistance; provides high level of protein/very nutritious; [2] [Total: 9] 7 (a) (i) isolates itself/ruffled feathers/red droppings/white droppings/runny nostrils/watery droppings/ not eating/foam from eyes/still or inactive/head down; any 2 [2] (ii) isolate ill chick; accept kill it [1] (b) protein; energy; accept provide warmth vitamins; [3] (c) production because high levels of protein and carbohydrate needed for rapid growth; reject because chick is growing [1]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0600 02 © UCLES 2009 (d) (i) unit of inheritance/part of chromosome/length of DNA; [1] (ii) MM Mm [1] (e) cross gives MM, Mm, Mm and mm; 25% of offspring, mm, would lack rapid growth gene/only 25% have rapid growth gene/allele; [2] [Total: 11] 8 (a) (i) suitable A frame drawn; [1] (ii) prevent rotting; provide firm anchorage/allows no movement/ gives stability; reject strong/support [2] (iii) larger wire area in B makes it cooler/more wind/better ventilation; accept ref to A building i.e. higher surface of corrugated iron in A makes it hotter; [1] (iv) blocks or cement strong/cannot be pushed in, dug under/chewed through; accept ref to B building i.e. sacking – not strong/easy to get under/ chew through; [1] (b) pump from stream; pipe system; water tower/water tank; ball valve system to drinker; [3] [Total: 8] 9 (a) any suitable e.g. Star grass/Paspalum grass/Rhodes grass/Weeping Love grass; accept local names [1] (b) (i) A; [1] (ii) C, as it has slow growth/deep roots; [1] (iii) A/D fast growing/good yield; [1] (iv) B, prefers heavy soil; accept C needs sandy soil which is acidic [1] (c) the number of (LSU) livestock that an area of land can support without deterioration; [1] [Total: 6]