Cambridge A Level Information Technology (from 2017) 9626 — 2022 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Turn over Cambridge International AS & A Level DC (CE/JG) 303985/2 © UCLES 2022 * 1 4 6 1 1 0 9 4 3 1 * INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/11 Paper 1 Theory May/June 2022 1 hour 45 minutes You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. ● Calculators must not be used in this paper. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 70. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

2 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 1 The processing of customer orders is an example of batch processing. Describe, using customer orders as an example, what is meant by batch processing. … … … … … … … … … … [4] 2 Flight simulators are used to train pilots to fly modern jet aircraft. Describe a typical flight simulator. … … … … … … … … … … [4]

3 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over 3 When personal data is sent across the internet, it is often encrypted. Analyse the encryption of personal data when it is sent across the internet. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8]

4 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 4 A supermarket uses a computer to automatically update stock levels. Each record in the Product file contains the fields shown. Product file Bar_code Product Number_in_stock Reorder_level Reorder_quantity Supplier_ID 5022476130067 Oaters 131 130 250 B671841 0100108097858 Tea 182 130 310 A296593 0201570244453 Beans 317 212 450 C562148 When the Number_in_stock of a product item falls to the Reorder_level, that product must be reordered. The Reorder_quantity is the number of items of the product that must be reordered. The Supplier file contains the contact details of all the suppliers. Supplier file Supplier_ID Supplier Contact B671841 J Sullivan js@cmail.co.ke A296593 Bluants bluants@hmail.ug C562148 Golan golan@smail.eg Only some of the records in the Product and Supplier files are shown.

5 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over Describe, using the Oaters record as an example, the steps the computer would follow to update the Product file after a point of sale terminal reads the bar code for a packet of Oaters. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [7]

6 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 5 Here is a diagram showing the component parts of a hard disk drive. D E F A B C From above Side view (a) Describe the component parts of a hard disk drive. Refer to the labelled diagram in your answer. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6]

7 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over (b) Explain what is meant by disk defragmentation and why it is needed when using hard disks. … … … … … … … … … … [4]

8 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 6 Many houses in cooler countries have central heating systems. In a central heating system, microprocessors are used to control the pump which sends water from the boiler to the individual heaters. Complete the pseudocode algorithm to show the processing which takes place in this microprocessor-controlled central heating system. The algorithm must prevent attempting to switch the pump on when it is already on and attempting to switch the pump off when it is already off. You may assume temperature is the variable representing the actual temperature of the house and preset represents the required temperature of the house. REPEAT INPUT temperature IF temperature < preset THEN … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6]

9 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over 7 Automatic re-calculation is one of the characteristics of spreadsheet models. This means it is not necessary to evaluate a formula every time you change it. Describe other characteristics of spreadsheets that make them suitable for creating models. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6]

10 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 8 Ruritania has just passed a law which will allow supermarkets to purchase customer information from banks, providing they anonymise it. Joanne, the owner of a supermarket, wishes to analyse the spending habits of people in the area very near to the supermarket. She can either use direct data sources or obtain the information indirectly from local banks. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to Joanne of obtaining the information indirectly from local banks. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8]

11 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 [Turn over 9 One reason for the digital divide is that people living in rural areas are less likely to have high speed broadband compared to people in cities. Explain why this particular aspect of the digital divide exists. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6]

12 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 10 A farmer is concerned that the chemicals he is using to improve his crops are seeping into the local river. He has asked a local conservation group to investigate if this is the case. They will be using a computer and one set of sensors to monitor the level of pollution. List examples of sensors the group will use and describe how they will be used with the computer to monitor the pollution level. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6]

13 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 11 A gesture based interface is a type of user interface. Describe the advantages of using a gesture based interface rather than other types of interface. … … … … … … … … … … … … [5]

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16 9626/11/M/J/22 © UCLES 2022 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

This document consists of 9 printed pages. © UCLES 2022 [Turn over Cambridge International AS & A Level INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/11 Paper 1 Theory May/June 2022 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 70 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2022 series for most Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some Cambridge O Level components.

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 2 of 9 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with:  the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question  the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question  the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively:  marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate  marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do  marks are not deducted for errors  marks are not deducted for omissions  answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 3 of 9 Question Answer Marks 1 Four from: It is collecting the data and then processing it/processing it all in one go/all at once / stored until the system comes online to process the data in one ‘batch’ The customer purchases/repayments/orders are collected into batches and each batch/orders are processed as a whole Customer orders processed when the computing resources are less busy Batches/orders can be stored up during working hours and then executed/processed during the evening/weekend Transaction file is used to update master file Transaction file of customer purchases/orders is kept for later processing – weekly/monthly Master file of customer details is only updated weekly/monthly Transaction file is used with master file to produce customer orders at the end of the month 4 Question Answer Marks 2 Four from: Simulates difficult situations/take off scenarios/speed of the aircraft/turbulence/different/extreme weather conditions/can control weather conditions Include software and specialised equipment/hardware… …that can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds… …a cabin containing screens, flight controls, control wheel, throttle, joystick, instrumentation, pilot seat, sound system, computer hardware, altitude gauges, fuel gauges (must have two) Software includes the rules of the model that define how the aircraft reacts… …includes a database containing information about each airport… …allowing pilots to practice landing at unfamiliar airports… Control panel in a cockpit mimics/is identical to one in a real plane/equipment is designed to react in a similar way to real aircraft Pilot uses joysticks/levers/switches/buttons/sliders to control movement/speed Displays are generated by computers on the screens in the cockpit/screens display runway/sky... ...computer graphics produce display using... ...projectors/back-projection screen/panoramic spherical mirror 4

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 4 of 9 Question Answer Marks 3 Eight from: Encryption is the scrambling of data… …it converts plaintext to ciphertext... …into meaningless groups of symbols… … can’t be understood by unauthorised people/read without the decryption key… …without encryption messages can be stored as plain text, making it easy for anyone to read and understand Encryption keeps personal data secure… … …such as credit card numbers and personal information from computer hackers If personal information is intercepted, but it can't be understood, it is of no use... ... the act of hacking in this case is pointless It does not prevent hackers intercepting personal data but it prevents them from understanding it Two types of encryption asymmetric and symmetric… …symmetric and asymmetric use a private key but asymmetric uses a public key as well /symmetric uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt but asymmetric uses different keys… …symmetric uses a private key to encrypt and decrypt /symmetric is where both sender and receiver use a private key… …asymmetric uses a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt /sender uses a public key and receiver uses a private key Can only decrypt using a decryption key/only authorised users have the decryption key… … Symmetric is a faster method than asymmetric… … Symmetric is less secure than asymmetric Data is encrypted using an encryption key Must be a proper analysis to gain full marks Max. six marks if bullets/list of points Must have expansions to be a proper analysis 8 Question Answer Marks 4 Seven from: The computer searches for the bar code number 5022476130067 in the product file When the matching record is found, the number in stock, 131, is reduced by one to 130 The number in stock, 130, is now compared with the re-order level, 130 If the number in stock is equal to the reorder level… … which it is, then the computer creates an order automatically The computer reads the reorder quantity, 250, needed for the product It reads the supplierID, B671841, for Oaters It searches the supplier file for the record corresponding to the supplier ID, B671841, read from the Product file The order/e-mail is automatically sent to the supplier… …using the supplier’s contact details from the Supplier file, js@cmail.co.ke 7

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 5 of 9 Question Answer Marks 5(a) Six from: A is a track, B is a sector, C are read-write heads, D is a cylinder, E are surfaces, F is a platter (3 marks for all 6 correct, 2 marks 5 correct, 1 mark for 3 or 4 correct) A hard disk drive consists of several platters which are individual disks Each surface of a platter has its own read/write head The read/write heads move across the platters/surfaces stopping only to read data from or write data to the surface... ... never touching a disk surface each of which is used to store data Each surface is divided into several tracks which are in the same position on each disk The track on the top platter together with the tracks exactly below it, form a cylinder Each track is divided into sectors 6 5(b) Four from: Organises the contents of the disk into the smallest number of contiguous regions/fragments... ...by moving the data blocks of a file/defragmented files around to bring whole/all the parts of a file together Attempts to create larger regions of free space Some defragmentation utilities try to keep smaller files within a single directory together It is the rearranging of files stored on a disk The movement of the hard drive's read/write heads over different areas of the disk when accessing fragmented files is slower... ...compared to accessing the entire contents of a non-fragmented file sequentially... ...data retrieval is made easier and quicker 4

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 6 of 9 Question Answer Marks 6 Six from: REPEAT INPUT temperature IF temperature < preset THEN IF pump switched off THEN send signal to switch pump on ENDIF ELSE IF pump switched on THEN send signal to switch pump off ENDIF ENDIF UNTIL system switched off 1 mark for correct 1st IF statement 1 mark for correctly positioned first action 1 mark for correctly positioned 1st ENDIF 1 mark for correct 2nd IF statement 1 mark for correctly positioned second action 1 mark for correctly positioned 2nd ENDIF 1 mark for correctly positioned 3rd ENDIF 1 mark for correct UNTIL statement… …1 for correct position of correct UNTIL statement 6 Question Answer Marks 7 Six from: Replication/copying means you don’t have to enter the same formula/data several times/the rules of a model can be changed easily using replication Absolute and/or relative cell referencing makes sure you only increment the parts of a formula you need to when replicating a formula Allows what-if questions to be asked Cell protection makes sure that the cells you want do not change by accident User interface forms makes it easier to input values into the model Conditional formatting allows you to highlight certain values that match specific criteria Graphs/charts to show trends/predictions The use of input forms makes it easy to enter data Macros make it easier to create more complex formulae or functions/used to record a sequence of actions Goalseek can be used to determine which variables need to be changed to achieve a target or goal Pre-written functions allow users to create complex formulae Values can be changed to ask whatif questions 6

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 7 of 9 Question Answer Marks 8 Eight from: Advantages It may allow a larger set of data to be examined… …direct data gathering could have limitations due to the availability of the people being interviewed… …using banks the sample could be increased giving rise to greater confidence in the findings Information can be of a higher quality as banking data will have already been collated and grouped into meaningful categories Joanne does not have to read through poorly written responses to questionnaires/her interview transcripts… …to create the data source Disadvantages It may cost a lot of money to pay the banks to obtain the data… … whereas people who are questioned will not need to be paid The various purposes for which data was collected originally may be different to the purpose of the current study… … there may be much more data than needed… …unnecessary data may need to be filtered out There may be sampling bias There may be coding difficulties … …different banks being used means there will be differences in the content …there may be a lack of standardisation across the data required …different banks will have different amounts of data If it has already been coded the coding may be difficult to understand Must have at least two of each to gain full marks Must be a proper discussion to obtain full marks Max. six marks if bullets/list of points Must have expansions or comparisons to be a proper discussion 8

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 8 of 9 Question Answer Marks 9 Six from: Infrastructure for broadband is less developed in rural areas than in cities… …any existing infrastructure tends to use a lower level of technology making it difficult to install high speed broadband In rural areas people tend to be further away from a cabinet causing longer cables to be used leading to slower speeds Rural areas can have difficult terrain which make it difficult for companies to develop the infrastructure/lay fibre cables Rural parts tend to have a lower concentration of people/population so providers cannot recuperate costs quickly/less willing to invest in infrastructure More expensive for providers to offer services in rural areas and the extra costs are passed onto the customers Cities can have more providers competing to provide broadband than rural areas making it cheaper for the customer In rural areas people can use satellite broadband but it tends to be slower than cabled broadband connections Satellite broadband can be more expensive than cabled broadband connections Can use smartphones but signal quality depends on the number of towers and in rural areas there are fewer 6 Question Answer Marks 10 Six from: Temperature, light, turbidity, pH, O2, CO2, nitrite, nitrate (must have two) Place sensors in the river next to the farm The sensors would be connected to ADC/computer Sensors send data to analogue to digital convertor …enables the computer to understand the data Computer receives data from ADC Readings from sensors are compared with normal river values by the computer Differences/results are printed out/displayed on screen Graphs are automatically produced by computer showing values from river and normal values Computer stores readings in a table/database/file/spreadsheet ready for further processing 6

9626/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2022 © UCLES 2022 Page 9 of 9 Question Answer Marks 11 Five from: Gestures may be a quicker way of initiating a response from a device People who have speech impediment can find a gesture based interface useful rather than dialogue Gestures will still be reliable if there is background noise or user has a cold/strong dialect/accent which would affect a dialogue interface Dialogue interface often requires a training session with user whereas gestures can be taught through manuals Users with physical handicaps may find it easier to make gestures rather than gripping a mouse Don't have to learn so many commands as with a CLI For reasons of hygiene doctors/health workers/restaurant chefs may not be allowed to touch a display or device using a GUI… …appropriate gestures are a more hygienic way to control the device 5