Cambridge A Level Information Technology (from 2017) 9626 — 2018 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 2

* 8 2 2 0 8 3 4 5 9 2 * This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (ST/CGW) 149845/4 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/12 Paper 1 Theory May/June 2018 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Calculators must not be used on this paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Any businesses described in this paper are entirely fictitious.

2 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 1 Tick the four most accurate statements referring to dynamic and static data. 3 Dynamic data is data that does not change. Data that is read from and not written back to a file is called static data. Data stored on a CD ROM is an example of dynamic data. Data on a web page that is updated from time to time is an example of dynamic data. It is very difficult to add information to a static information source after it has been created. There is a limited amount of information in a dynamic information source compared to a static one. Dynamic information sources are never checked for accuracy. A static information source can have information updated quickly. The data in a static data source is always up to date. There can be many contributors to a dynamic data source so the information can be inaccurate. [4] 2 Tick the four most accurate statements referring to hardware and software. 3 Compilers and linkers are examples of system software. Device drivers and interpreters are examples of application software. Word processing and spreadsheets are examples of hardware. Software is another name for computer programs. Software is written in machine code before being converted to high-level language. Viruses are a type of software. Malicious bots are a type of hardware. System software directly operates the computer hardware. Operating systems are types of hardware. A mouse and keyboard are the basic software components of a computer. [4]

3 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 3 The secretary of a company is transferring workers’ records from paper to a new computer database. She wishes to make sure the data in the database is accurate. To check the data she is using verification and validation. Using an example, or otherwise, explain why she is using validation as well as verification. … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[6]

4 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 4 Many personal computers are bought with certain types of software already installed. This includes a number of items of utility software. Describe how each of the following utilities carries out its function. (a) Anti-virus software … … … … …[2] (b) Backup software … … … … …[2] (c) Disk defragmentation software … … … … …[2]

5 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 5 Computer controlled traffic lights are used to control traffic flow in major cities. Identify three input devices which could be used and describe their use in such a system. Device 1 … … Use … … … Device 2 … … Use … … … Device 3 … … Use … … …[6]

6 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 6 Many computer users often confuse the terms the ‘internet’ and the ‘World Wide Web’. Explain what is meant by the term the ‘World Wide Web’. … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[6]

7 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 7 A managing director of a company supervises other directors. Each director has three departments they are responsible for. Each department has several workers. The company stores information about all its workers in a hierarchical database. Explain what is meant by a hierarchical database management system and describe how such a system would be used to store the workers’ data. … … … … … … … … … … … …[5]

8 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 8 Here is a spreadsheet showing the prices of various toys in a shop. The discounted price is found by using a VLOOKUP formula in cells E8:E13. Discount code A 20% 15% 10% Price Discounted price Number sold $45 $35 $55 $50 $40 $30 $36.00 $28.00 $49.50 $42.50 $32.00 $25.50 4 6 10 5 6 3 B C A A C B A B Elephant Cheetah Giraffe Lion Leopard Zebra 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 A B C D E F 8 E G H Toy E8 fx ✘ =D8-(VLOOKUP(C8,$C$3:$D$5,2,FALSE)*D8) (a) By describing what the formula in cell E8 does, explain the need for absolute and relative cell referencing. … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[6]

9 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over (b) The owner of the shop wants to see which toys have a Discounted price that could be considered cheap and those that could be considered expensive. He would like to see all the cells with toys which are more than $40 shaded blue, all those that are less than $30 shaded yellow and the remainder shaded green. Describe how this could be achieved without each individual cell having to be changed. … … … … … … … … … … … …[5] (c) The owner wants a chart showing the Number sold of each toy as a proportion of the total number of toys sold. Identify the most suitable type of chart which would be used to show this information and describe how it would be produced. … … … … … … … … … …[4]

10 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 9 A medical centre uses expert systems to help diagnose illnesses. Explain how the components of an expert system would be used to produce the diagnosis of an illness. … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[6]

11 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 10 A car salesroom has a relational database which stores details of the cars and the customers who have purchased a car. The manager uses it to search for information about the cars and the customers. She also produces reports based on these searches. Tables Queries Forms Customers second names beginning with Customers Reports All cars in stock Price less than $20000 Price of car (a) She wants to have an easier way of accessing the queries, forms and reports. Design a switchboard for her which will allow her to go to any of the reports, forms or queries already set up as shown in the image above. [4]

12 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 (b) Referring to any four interactive items on your switchboard explain what will happen if they are selected. Item 1 … … … Item 2 … … … Item 3 … … … Item 4 … … …[4] (c) Below is a diagram showing the tables in the database. Cars Car–Code Make Model Price Orders ID Order–No Customer–code Car–Code Customers Customer–code First Name Second Name Address–1 Address–1 The car salesroom manager wanted a list of cars made by Frod as well as, in the same list, any cars ordered by customers whose second name begins with B. The printout shows the makes and models of cars, first and second customer names who have ordered them and the order number. Make Model First Name Second Name Order_No Frod Deomon Alan Sutton 9 Frod Deomon Bruce Silversmith 8 Frod Deomon Johann Schmidt 5 Frod Deomon Brian Biggins 3 Olap Azum George Babak 10 Yatoya Yangtse Kulvir Bains 7

13 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Describe, in detail, the steps required to set up a query which would display this list. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[8]

14 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 11 Many major supermarkets now use a variety of monitoring technologies to check the work of their employees. Evaluate the use of technology to monitor employees in the workplace. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[8]

15 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 12 Financial models are often created using spreadsheet software rather than using manual methods. Evaluate the use of spreadsheet models for this purpose. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[8]

16 9626/12/M/J/18 © UCLES 2018 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

IGCSE™ is a registered trademark. This document consists of 13 printed pages. © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/12 Paper 1 Theory May/June 2018 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 90 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2018 series for most Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some Cambridge O Level components.

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 13 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 13 Question Answer Marks 1 Dynamic data is data that does not change. Data that is read from and not written back to a file is called static data. 3 Data stored on a CD ROM is an example of dynamic data. Data on a webpage that is updated from time to time is an example of dynamic data. 3 It is very difficult to add information to a static information source after it has been created. 3 There is a limited amount of information in a dynamic information source compared to a static one. Dynamic information sources are never checked for accuracy. A static information source can have information updated quickly. The data in a static data source is always up to date. There can be many contributors to a dynamic data source so the information can be inaccurate. 3 4

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 4 of 13 Question Answer Marks 2 Compilers and linkers are examples of system software. 3 Device drivers and interpreters are examples of application software. Word processing and spreadsheets are examples of hardware. Software is another name for computer programs. 3 Software is written in machine code before being converted to high-level language. Viruses are a type of software. 3 Malicious bots are a type of hardware. System software directly operates the computer hardware. 3 Operating systems are types of hardware. A mouse and keyboard are the basic software components of a computer. 4 Question Answer Marks 3 Six from: Verification is checking that data that has been/is being entered into a computer has been copied correctly from the data source Validation is checking that the data entered is reasonable/sensible Neither method checks that data is accurate/correct Although verification helps to stop users from making mistakes when entering data it cannot check that the data was originally correct Validation is needed because although the data might be copied correctly, the original data might be invalid The date of birth might be in the form dd/mm/yyyy and the data might have been correctly copied as 1994/12/31 but this is not in the correct format« «a format check would have picked this up Common errors when copying data are transcription and transposition errors Verification would pick up a transposition error but most validation checks (except a check digit) would not Verification would pick up transcription errors but validation might not. 6

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 5 of 13 Question Answer Marks 4(a) Two from: Scans the computer to make sure it is not infected with a virus/to find viruses Compares with existing viruses/detects changes in behaviour of files It may quarantine the infected programs It will ask the user whether or not they want to delete the infected programs (Does background scans of downloads and attachments for viruses) and informs the user if anything found. 2 4(b) Two from: Creates (additional exact) copies of files, databases hard disks or network servers Use these copies to restore the original contents in the event of data loss Asks user to enter type of backup Asks if you wish to restore the backup Asks if you wish to verify the backup Asks when backup is to take place/frequency of backups. 2 4(c) Two from: Rearranging files stored on a disk Causes data to occupy contiguous storage locations Physically organises the contents of the mass storage device used to store files Organises data into the smallest number of contiguous regions (fragments) Attempts to create larger regions of free space. 2 Question Answer Marks 5 Three matched pairs from: Induction loop When a vehicle goes over it sends a signal to the computer that a vehicle has passed Sound sensor In kerb stones constantly feeding back to computer sound level – if noise above preset value computer registers that a vehicle has passed (Video/Digital) camera Above traffic lights and registers car approaching and sends a signal to the computer Push buttons When a pedestrian presses the button, a signal goes to computer to register pedestrian is waiting to cross. 6

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 6 of 13 Question Answer Marks 6 Six from: It can be accessed via the internet It is accessed using web browsing software It was invented by (English scientist) Tim Berners-Lee (in 1989) HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the markup (formatting) language for the world wide web Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Uses Uniform Resource Locator (URL) (an address that is unique and used to identify each resource on the world wide web) Uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) allowing for the retrieval of linked resources from across the world wide web Uses HTTPS to provide secure websites (In addition to formatted text,) web pages may contain images, video, and software components Hyperlinks allow users to navigate between web pages Comprises websites made up of a number of web pages (with a common theme) Is basically a system of web servers (that support specially formatted documents). 6 Question Answer Marks 7 Max five from: Three from: Uses several one-to-many relationships Uses a tree structure Links a number of records to one owner or parent primary record It is not a versatile system It is limited by using only one type of relationship (so is confined to some very specific uses) Three from: The department can be used as a parent record The individual employees will represent secondary/child records Each child record links back to one parent record in a hierarchical structure Each director can be used as a parent record The individual departments will represent secondary/child records The managing director can be used as a parent record The individual directors will represent secondary/child records Most types of business databases today use more flexible models to accommodate more sophisticated types of data management. 5

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 7 of 13 Question Answer Marks 8(a) Six from: It looks for the discount code in cells C3:D5/for each animal Looks for an exact match It reads the percentage discount from cells D3:D5, corresponding to the discount code Multiplies the percentage discount by the Price and subtracts from the original price The values in the lookup range/discount code must remain constant When the formula in cell E8 is replicated the range C3:D5 requires absolute cell referencing If relative referencing were used for cells C3:D5 the formula in cell E9 would contain C4:D6 This would produce an error as discount code A cannot be found in the range C4:D6 The lookup value cell reference (accept example) must increment for each successive row The Price cell reference (accept example) must increment for each successive row When the formula in cell E8 is replicated C8 (and) D8 need to increment to (C9, D9) which requires relative cell referencing. 6 8(b) Highlight E8:E13/cells containing discounted price – 1 mark Select/use conditional formatting – 1 mark Manage rule/create rule if >40 format colour blue – 1 mark Add rule if between 30 and 40 format colour green – 1 mark Add rule if <30 format colour yellow – 1 mark 5 8(c) Pie chart – 1 mark Select A8:A13 and using ctrl key select G8:G13 – 1 mark Go to Insert chart – 1 mark Select pie chart – 1 mark 4

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9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 13 Question Answer Marks 10(b) Four from: Allow follow through from 10(a) Customers second names beginning with query – allow you to enter one letter and all names beginning with that letter displayed Price of car query – allow you to enter a price/range of prices and all cars of that price/range will be displayed Customers form – opens a form showing customer details/allows you to edit data/add new customer record using form entry All cars in stock report – will give you a printout/display in report form of all cars in the showroom Price less than $20 000 report – will give you a printout/display in report form of all cars lower than $20 000 in price Exit button – will close the switchboard/application. 4 10(c) Eight from: Select create Select query design Add all tables into query design window In first column of query select from Cars table (from drop down list) and choose Make (from drop down list) In second column select Cars table (from drop down list) and choose Model (from drop down list) In next column select Customers table (from drop down list) and choose first name (from drop down list) In fourth column select Customers table (from drop down list) and choose second name from (drop down list) In next column select Orders table (from drop down list) and choose Order_No (from drop down list) In first column next to criteria type in (Like) Frod In fourth column in the Or row In the 4th column type in (Like) B* Save the query. 8

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 10 of 13 Question Answer Marks 11 To be marked as a level of response: Level 3 (7–8 marks) Candidates will describe the benefits and drawbacks of monitoring for both employer and employee. The issues raised will be justified. The information will be relevant, clear, organised and presented in a structured and coherent format. Specialist terms will be used accurately and appropriately. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Candidates will describe the benefits and drawbacks of monitoring for both employer and employee although development of some of the points will be limited to employer/employee. For the most part the information will be relevant and presented in a structured and coherent format. Specialist terms will be used appropriately and for the most part correctly. Level 1 (1–3 marks) Candidates may only address one side of the argument, and give basic benefits/drawbacks. Answers may be simplistic with little or no relevance. There will be little or no use of specialist terms. Level 0 (0 marks) Response with no valid content. 8

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 11 of 13 Question Answer Marks 11 Candidates may refer to e.g.: Employer benefits: Employers can keep track of the amount of time an employee spends away from the computer or idle time at the terminal Video monitoring can deter theft thus maintaining security Video monitoring can monitor employee productivity/work is up to standard/employees are working efficiently Provides an opportunity to watch for mistakes and errors throughout the workday to help an employee cut down on his mistakes in the future by pointing out ways he can improve Use Global Positioning Systems (GPS) devices to track employees in employer-owned vehicles If employees understand that the monitoring system is not being used solely to point out weaknesses, they may become more accepting of being monitored Can have video monitoring to catch all safety issues and so able to bring safety issues to the forefront Catching blatant disregard for safety on video may also save employer from potential lawsuits Can catch those who willingly violate company policy and immediately employ disciplinary action Can increase productivity if employees know they are being monitored Software can also be used to monitor or track employee activity and productivity... ...ensuring data is secure by using the software to block certain websites With a GPS device, dispatchers can give drivers very specific driving directions to a location saving time and money for fuel If dispatchers know where every van is they can dispatch the one closest to a particular job By tracking which drivers are exceeding the speed limit companies can educate those drivers about the result of speeding, and discipline them as necessary Vehicle fleet managers can also improve efficiency by tracking and eliminating employees’ unauthorised breaks

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 12 of 13 Question Answer Marks 11 Employer drawbacks: Software is expensive to purchase System is expensive to set up Can lend itself to lawsuits for infringement of privacy Can make employees resentful (and less productive) of infringement of privacy Mistrust of their employer leads some workers to leave and thus creates increased turnover of employees Employee benefits: A company may also use video monitoring in a parking garage as a security measure for employee safety Provides employer with detailed snapshots of how an employee is going above and beyond the call of duty and can acknowledge employee excellence Employee drawbacks: Most computer monitoring equipment allows employers to monitor without the employees' knowledge... ...although some employers do notify employees that monitoring takes place Messages sent within the company as well as those that are sent to another company or from another company to employee can be subject to monitoring by employer.

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 13 of 13 Question Answer Marks 12 Eight from: Benefits: Calculations can be performed more quickly/more easily/recalculated automatically What if statements can be asked without rebuilding a model from scratch each time the test is carried out Models provide quick answers to events that may take months to actually happen Graphs that are produced to help understand the result will automatically change (as new values are added/old values altered) Graphs can be produced automatically/more quickly/no manual method required They provide consistent results/not affected by user's inconsistent decisions There are templates for regularly used spreadsheet models Spreadsheets can also interact with databases Data can automatically be imported (from a database) into a spreadsheet Data can be entered more accurately because of computer-based validation and verification Drawbacks: You cannot account for every possible variable in a financial model Banks cannot model exactly how much money they think people will save or borrow There is no way of predicting the effect that financial crises will have on real life behaviour Many variables need to be considered and it is easy to omit some Some situations will need purpose-built software/technical expertise which is expensive to buy. 8