Cambridge A Level Information Technology (from 2017) 9626 — 2017 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 16 printed pages. DC (KN) 146864 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level * 7 7 1 6 8 6 6 4 3 9 * INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/11 Paper 1 Theory October/November 2017 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Any businesses described in this paper are entirely fictitious.

2 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 1 (a) Tick the most accurate statement about the use of a compiler. P A compiler executes a high-level program one statement at a time before translating the next statement. A compiler converts object code into source code. A compiler translates machine code into a high-level language program. A compiler often produces a separate object code program. [1] (b) Tick the most accurate statement about the use of a linker. P A linker executes a high-level program one statement at a time before translating the next statement. A linker takes one or more source code files and combines them into a single executable file. A linker takes one or more object files and combines them into a single executable file. A linker is used in conjunction with an interpreter. [1]

3 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over 2 Many schools want IT departments to introduce lessons emphasising aspects of e-safety. Tick four of the following statements which offer good advice. P It is alright to send an email to a person you do not know as it does not matter if they find out your email address. You should always attach a photograph of yourself to an email so they know who you are. You should only use websites recommended by teachers. It is acceptable to post a photograph of your school on a social media site as so many students go there. You should always think twice before opening an email from an unknown person as it might be spam. It is okay, for the first time, to meet a person you only know from the internet on your own. You should know how to block and report unwanted users from social media sites. It is acceptable, if you trust them, to give someone you have only met on the internet your name and address. When using instant messaging it is okay to use bad language if you are among friends. When playing games on the internet you should never use your real name. [4]

4 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 3 A health inspector, Josefine, is investigating the health of students. She wishes to study the effect on them of traffic on roads passing close to the school. One road seems to be causing more problems than others. She is going to collect data regarding the amount of traffic and its effect on their health. (a) Describe, with specific reference to the investigation, how she could gather data from direct data sources. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6]

5 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over (b) Describe the drawbacks of gathering data from direct data sources. … … … … … … … … … … … … [5] (c) Give reasons why the information that Josefine collects may be inaccurate. … … … … … … … … … [4]

6 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 The school’s students have collected data about cars for a maths project. The teacher has decided to code the data. Here is some of the data. The codes he will use are in brackets. Colour Make Male or female driver Approximate age of driver Light blue (B) Frod (F) Male (M) 50–59 (50) Green (G) Olep (O) Female (F) 30–39 (30) Dark blue (B) Vagen (V) Female (F) 20–29 (20) (d) Give three reasons why the teacher is planning to code the data. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] (e) Give three reasons why the IT teacher has warned against some of the coding the maths teacher plans to use. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3]

7 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over 4 Jasvinder has just become manager of the ticketing department in an airport. Part of her job is to provide tickets for passengers who have decided to fly at the last minute. She uses computers to produce the tickets. She also has to produce hard copy of the details of every flight, including passenger names, prior to each flight. Evaluate the output devices which Jasvinder might use, including their specific use in this system. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8]

8 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 5 Below is an extract from a spreadsheet showing details of one day’s train journeys between London and Paris. A hyphen, ‘-’, in a cell indicates that the train does not stop at that station. I J K L M N 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 LONDON St Pancras Intl PARIS Gare du Nord EBBSFLEET International ASHFORD International Train No. 9080 9002 9004 9008 9010 9014 9016 9018 9020 9022 9060 9024 9028 9030 9032 9036 9038 9040 05:40 05:58 06:24 09:17 09:47 10:17 11:17 11:47 12:47 13:17 13:47 14:17 14:47 15:17 15:47 16:47 17:17 17:47 18:47 19:17 19:47 06:55 09:55 16:55 Number of non-stop trains 10 08:12 08:38 09:34 10:42 12:42 06:18 07:01 07:55 08:19 09:17 10:01 10:24 11:01 11:31 12:01 12:24 13:31 14:01 14:31 15:31 16:01 16:22 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Michelle, the train controller in London, wants to use this spreadsheet to count the number of trains that do not stop at any station between London and Paris. (a) Write down the formula which should go in cell M22 to give her this information. = … … [6] You can use the space below for any working you need.

9 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over (b) Describe the steps that Michelle would need to carry out if she wanted to print out the Train No. of the trains that do not stop at any station between London and Paris. … … … … … … … … … … … … [5]

10 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 6 Below is an extract from a company’s database which shows the details of their factory workers. Workers_Id 031597 047006 131654 235804 239412 243303 471584 486439 500368 512759 Cisse Traore Dia Kone Diop Fall Contee Keita Gallo Diallo Koulthum Adama Omar Mame Souleymane Leo Henry Sundiata Jerry Noumu Extrusion Cold rolling Cold rolling Tube production Tube production Extrusion Extrusion Foundry Foundry Hot rolling Family_Name First_Name Department Salary $43,000.00 $35,000.00 $39,000.00 $34,500.00 $32,000.00 $37,500.00 $36,000.00 $29,000.00 $41,500.00 $28,500.00 Describe the steps you would use to create a report containing the Workers_Id number and Salary only, using the most efficient method to extract all the Hot rolling or Cold rolling workers whose salary is greater than $35,000. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6]

11 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over 7 A number of airline companies train their pilots using flight simulators. Evaluate the use of simulation in this application. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8]

12 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 8 A college keeps records of its A Level students and the subjects they study in a database. It has the following tables: Students’ names Students’ other personal data Details of when they started studying the subject All the possible subjects which can be taken by A Level students. These tables are linked as shown below. students_2 Student_ID Phone_number Address Date_of_birth students_1 Student_ID First_name Last_name joined_subject Student_ID Subject_code Date_joined subjects Subject_code Subject_name Subject_description 1 1 1 1 Using examples from the tables shown above or otherwise: (a) Describe the three relationships: (i) one-to-one … … … … … [2] (ii) one-to-many … … … … … [2]

13 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over (iii) many-to-many … … … … … … … … … [4] (b) Define ‘referential integrity’ and explain why it is so important. … … … … … … … … … [4]

14 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 9 Siegfreid has created a word processed document using ‘proprietary software’. Simon has suggested that he should save it in an ‘open-source file format’. (a) Describe what is meant by ‘proprietary software’. … … … … … … … [3] (b) Describe what is meant by an ‘open-source file format’. … … … … … … … [3]

15 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over 10 Chow uses sound editing software to vary the sampling rate in an audio file. Describe what is meant by sampling and how the sampling rate affects audio file sizes. … … … … … … … … … [4]

16 9626/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 11 A space agency pays scientists whose job is to enable rockets to be sent to the moon. Describe how batch and real-time processing would be used by the agency and its scientists. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

® IGCSE is a registered trademark. This document consists of 10 printed pages. © UCLES 2017 [Turn over Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/11 Paper 1 Theory October/November 2017 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 90 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2017 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

9626/11 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 2 of 10 Question Answer Marks 1(a) A compiler executes a high level program one statement at a time before translating the next statement. A compiler converts object code into source code. A compiler translates machine code into a high level language program. A compiler often produces a separate object code program. 3 1 1(b) A linker executes a high level program one statement at a time before translating the next statement. A linker takes one or more source code files and combines them into a single executable file. A linker takes one or more object files and combines them into a single executable file. 3 A linker is used in conjunction with an interpreter. 1 Question Answer Marks 2 It is okay to send an email to a person you do not know as it does not matter if they find out your email address. You should always attach a photograph of yourself to an email so they know who you are. You should only use websites recommended by teachers. 3 It is acceptable to post a photograph of your school on a social media site as so many students go there. You should always think twice before opening an email from an unknown person as it might be spam. 3 It is okay, for the first time, to meet a person you only know from the internet on your own. You should know how to block and report unwanted users from social media sites. 3 It is acceptable, if you trust them, to give someone you have only met on the internet your name and address. When using instant messaging it is okay to use bad language if you are among friends. When playing games on the internet you should never use your real name. 3 4

9626/11 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 3 of 10 Question Answer Marks 3(a) Six from: She could give questionnaires to students who walk to school using that particular road asking about their general health/number of days missed through illness She could give questionnaires to students who walk to school using other roads asking about their general health/number of days missed through illness She could interview students who walk to school using that particular road asking about their general health/number of days missed through illness She could interview students who walk to school using other roads asking about their general health/number of days missed through illness She could observe/keep a count of traffic coming down the busy road She could observe the amount of traffic/keep a count of traffic coming down the other roads She could use sensors to detect the flow of traffic going down the busy road She could use sensors to detect the flow of traffic going down the other roads She could give questionnaires to residents who live in that particular road asking about their general health She could give questionnaires to residents who live in other roads asking about their general health She could interview residents who live in that particular road asking about their general health She could interview residents who live in other roads asking about their general health. 6 3(b) Five from: Data gathering may be expensive as other companies may have to be hired to get it It may involve having to purchase equipment such as data loggers/computers/printers Compared to indirect data sources using direct data sources may be very expensive in preparing and carrying out the gathering of data Costs can be incurred in producing the paper for questionnaires It takes longer to gather data than to acquire data from an indirect data source By the time the project is complete/all the data is collected the data may be out of date The sample size may be small. 5

9626/11 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 4 of 10 Question Answer Marks 3(c) Four from: In questionnaires and interviews the questions may not have been very clear and the respondents may have misunderstood them The questions might have been badly phrased« «so that the respondent thought they knew the answer Josefine wanted – resulting in similar answers from different respondents Questions may have been open-ended allowing the respondent to produce answers which could not be quantified In a multi-choice type question there may not have been a sufficient number of alternatives The respondents selected for the study may not have been very representative There is the possibility that Josefine may have made errors when collecting it Josefine may have made errors when entering the collected data into the computer If the data was collected automatically by sensors the computer/microprocessor may not have been set up properly to accurately interpret the readings. 4 3(d) Three from: Speeds up data entry Accuracy of entering data is increased When data has been coded it makes it easier to use validation Less storage space is required The smaller the size of the database, the faster it will be to search and produce results. 3 3(e) Three from: The code B does not give a clear idea of what shade of blue The approximate age of the driver is too vague/too general« «and would be difficult to use in calculations/graphs There may be many makes of car beginning with the same letter. 3

9626/11 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 5 of 10 Question Answer Marks 4 This question to be marked as levels of response: Level 3 (7–8 marks) Candidates will explain both the advantages and disadvantages of a range of different output devices using relevant and appropriate examples. The information will be relevant, clear, organised and presented in a structured and coherent format. There may be a reasoned conclusion/opinion. Specialist terms will be used correctly and appropriately. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Candidates will explain the advantages and disadvantages of more than one output device. Examples used will be for the most part relevant. For the most part, the information will be relevant and presented in a structured and coherent format. There may be a conclusion/opinion. Specialist terms will be used appropriately and for the most part correctly. Level 1 (1–3 marks) Candidates will only address some aspects of the use of output devices. Examples, if used, may lack relevance. Answers may be in the form of a list. There will be little or no use of specialist terms. Level 0 (0 marks) Response with no valid content. Answers may include: To print the tickets: The advantage of a laser printer is that the quality of print will be good enabling passengers to see their flight number and seat number clearly An inkjet printer would produce higher quality tickets An inkjet printer may be relatively slow causing queues at the ticketing department A dot matrix printer would not be as clear as a laser printer or inkjet printer A laser printer might not be good for this as it takes some time to produce a first copy and there wouldn’t be more than one copy A dot matrix printer may be relatively slow causing queues at the ticketing department Producing the flight lists: The list may be long and it may be difficult to correlate the sheets A dot matrix printer may be better as fan fold stationery could be used Less risk of a dot matrix printer running out of paper Flight lists would be continuous More easily collated using a dot matrix printer May need to change cartridges more frequently if an inkjet printer were used Quality of printout would not be an issue for flight lists Noise of dot matrix would not be an issue at a busy airport. 8

9626/11 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 6 of 10 Question Answer Marks 5(a) =COUNTIFS(K3:K20,”-“,L3:L20,”-“) =COUNTIFS() 2 marks (=COUNTIF() 1 mark) (K3:K20 1 mark ,”-“, immediately after K20 1 mark L3:L20 immediately after ,”-“, 1 mark ,”-“) 1 mark 6 5(b) Select data, filter 1 mark Filter on column K for “-“ 1 mark Filter on column L for “-“ 1 mark Highlight column N 1 mark Select PRINT and PRINT selection. 1 mark 5 Question Answer Marks 6 Max six from: Create a query and select the fields Workers_ID, Salary and Department In the criteria box under Salary, type > 35 000 In the criteria box under Department, type like “*rolling” – 2 marks “Hot rolling” OR “Cold rolling” – 1 mark only Deselect the Department field for showing Run and save the query Create the report using this query In the report section, edit and format the report. 6

9626/11 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 7 of 10 Question Answer Marks 7 Eight from: Advantages: The costs of fuel, aircraft maintenance and insurance of a regular aircraft are far greater than the running and maintenance costs of a flight simulator The environment benefits from flight training in a simulator, as there is no air and noise pollution created by a flight simulator Situations can be tackled in a flight simulator without putting the trainee and the flight training instructor in danger If there is an accident there is no cost to replace parts unlike a real plane Emergency procedures, adverse weather conditions and system failures can be more easily/quickly produced or recreated in a flight simulator There is less time wasted on booking aircraft for flight training/scheduling flights/ waiting for the aircraft to warm up Less time wasted travelling to the desired destination to undergo specific flight training instruction The environmental conditions in a simulator are far more comfortable than flight training in a real aircraft as the temperature and humidity are controlled in a flight simulator The level of noise in a flight simulator is not as deafening as in an aircraft« «makes the communication between the instructor and trainee much easier Disadvantages: The simulator response will not always be exactly the same as an actual airplane, as there too many variables Sometimes pilots become bolder/more overconfident after training on the simulator and overreact to real flight situations« «overuse of parts such as the rudder can cause damage to a real aircraft but not in the simulator Amount of stress the pilot would be under in dangerous situations is less likely to be created Length of training session is more likely to be shorter than a realistic flight making it difficult to recreate boredom/fatigue of a real flight. Must have at least two from each to gain full marks. 1 mark is available for a reasoned conclusion/opinion. 8 Question Answer Marks 8(a)(i) Two from: Both tables can have only one record on either side of the relationship« Student_ID in students_1 is connected to Student_ID in students_2 students_2 and students_1 have the same key field students_1 and students_2 could be combined without affecting the database. 2

9626/11 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 8 of 10 Question Answer Marks 8(a)(ii) Two from: The table contains individual records that each relate to many records in the related table A single Student_ID in students_1 table relates to many records in the joined_subject table A single subject_code in subjects table relates to many records in the joined_subject table. 2 8(a)(iii) Four from: In relational database design, a many-to-many relationship is strictly speaking not allowed/is virtual To get around the problem of having a many-to-many relationship the many- to-many relationship needs to be broken down into two one-to-many relationships Using a third table, commonly called a “join table”, in this case the joined_subject table Each record in the “join table” would have the foreign key fields of the two tables it is joining together The students_1 could be in a many-to-many relationship with the subjects table. 4 8(b) Four from: Every foreign key value has a matching value in the corresponding primary key Referential integrity uses these to prevent the deletion of related records It can alert if the user tries to delete a record which is related to another one Queries will begin to fail if the relationships do not match If a table is relying on the keys in another table, then relationships between the two can be lost if bad data is entered into one location Referential integrity can be used to ensure foreign key values are valid. 4 Question Answer Marks 9(a) Three from: Proprietary software is software that is owned by an individual or a company (usually the one that developed it) There are almost always major restrictions on its use A software vendor delineates the specific terms of use in an end-user license agreement Its source code is almost always kept secret Usually covered by copyright which provides a legal basis for its owner to establish exclusive rights. 3

9626/11 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 9 of 10 Question Answer Marks 9(b) Three from: Can be used and implemented by anyone An open source file format can be used by both proprietary and free and open source software Also called free file formats if they are not covered by any copyrights/patents So that anyone may use them at no monetary cost for any desired purpose. 3 Question Answer Marks 10 Four from: Digital audio is a series of discrete bursts called samples The frequency that these samples occur is so fast it sounds like a continuous sound The sampling rate is the number of samples within a given period of time A higher sampling rate sounds better than a lower rate Each sample uses up storage space so the lower the sampling rate the less storage capacity is required. 4

9626/11 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 10 of 10 Question Answer Marks 11 Eight from: Batch processing would be used by payroll department to pay wages Batch processing would be used if the scientists had collected a very large amount of data offline and need to now process it all in one go Transaction file of hours worked is kept Master file of workers details/rate of pay per hour Transaction file is used with master file to update master file/produce payslips Jobs are set up so they can be run to completion without human interaction The input data are collected into batches and each batch is processed as a whole Batch processing can occur when the computing resources are less busy Batches can be stored up during working hours and then executed during the evening/whenever the computer is idle Batch processing is particularly useful for operations that require the computer or a peripheral device for an extended period of time Real-time processing would be suitable for controlling the rockets Real-time processing causes a response within specified time constraints Real-time responses are in the order of milliseconds, and sometimes microseconds Real-time means that the inputs are processed and produce an output which in turn affects the input Controlling rockets often involves the use of sensors and control systems A computer system used for real-time processing is often used 24 hours a day for the same task Real-time data processing gives the scientists the ability to take immediate action for those times when acting within seconds is significant If a rocket is off course for just a short period of time its speed is such it would be off course by a large distance If the rocket veers off course the computer would immediately fire engines to correct it. 8