Cambridge A Level General Paper (AS Level only) 8001 — 2018 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

1 Study Passage 1 in the Insert to answer the following questions (a)–(d). Note: When a question asks for an answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS, you must select the appropriate material from the passage for your answer, but you must still use your own words to express it. Little credit can be given to answers which only copy words or phrases from the passage. (a) For each of the following find a single word from the passage which has the same meaning: allowed the right (lines 1–20) ................................................................................................................................................... established (lines 1–20) ................................................................................................................................................... lack of care (lines 1–20) ................................................................................................................................................... made-up (lines 51–66) ...............................................................................................................................................[4] (b) Considering evidence from the passage, explain why Kirs has reason to feel upset with his neighbour. Use your own words as far as possible. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................[12] (c) Considering evidence from the passage, explain why Yak has reason to feel upset with his neighbour. Use your own words as far as possible. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................[12] (d) (i) In your own words, suggest some actions Kirs could take to ease this situation with his neighbour. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (ii) A permanent solution is suggested at the end of the passage (lines 64–65). Do you believe it to be the best? Give your reasons in no more than 30 words. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 35] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a) allowed the right: entitled 4 established: ascertained lack of care: negligence made-up: manufactured 4 × 1 1(b) Credit any valid material. Candidates are at liberty to interpret any of the 12 data provided in other ways from those suggested below. • Kirs has a most inflexible, unpleasant neighbour who seems to enjoy annoying him • Yak makes inaccurate or even untrue criticisms/complaints e.g. the cat • Kirs is trying to be a good neighbour, e.g. pruning branches, but Yak does not thank him • the fence is in a bad state and Kirs worries that Yak is not going to replace it • Kirs is worried that the fence may fall soon and maybe even harm his children or dog • Kirs is concerned that Yak may report him to the police, even though he has done nothing wrong • he is tired of Yak making up pathetic stories e.g. the water hose drowning his flowers • he is concerned and upset that Yak may be spying on him in his garden, especially when sunbathing or relaxing • Kirs has been accused of spying through the holes in the fence, which could be breaking the law • He is very worried about the state of his driveway being damaged by Yak’s tree roots 12 × 1 or 6 × 2 1(c) Credit any valid material. Candidates are at liberty to interpret any of the 12 data provided in other ways from those suggested below. • Yak is tired of all Kirs’ complaints and criticisms, e.g. rotting fence • does not like the idea of Kirs throwing back branches into his garden, which would make extra work for him • he thinks Kirs is stealing his fruit, which he thinks is illegal • he thinks Kirs has poked holes in the fence knots to spy on them and invaded their privacy • tired of Kir’s water hose wetting his fence and garden, especially drowning flowers • nearly tripped over a pushbike on the pavement and hurt himself (if true «) • does not like Kirs’ cat digging up his vegetables, thus depriving him of food • annoyed Kirs does not recycle properly e.g. glass in wrong container 12 × 1 or 6 × 2 1(d)(i) • Kirs could always completely ignore Yak and refuse to speak to him 4 • Kirs could offer to pay half, or a certain amount, for a new high fence • they could find an informal mediator who would listen to both sides and advise accordingly • Kirs could be friendlier and more tolerant, although this might prove difficult • he could repair and cover all the knot holes • he could stop watering the fence by moving his sprayer further away • he could just ignore the fruit tree branches and fruit 4 × 1 or 2 × 2 1(d)(ii) Candidates can choose to answer either ‘yes’ or ‘no’, or even both if they 3 wish. Yes, because: • there would be no more problems if Yak moved away • there would be a new owner move in who would likely not be as bad • the new owner would hopefully install a new fence and all would be well No, because: • it would cost Yak much money to move house • it is, after all, mainly only a problem of installing a new fence, which is much less costly • neighbours should learn to try to work things out and live in harmony if possible 3 × 1 or 1 × 2 + 1 1 Use of English 15

2 Study Passage 2 in the Insert to answer the following questions (a)–(e). Note: When a question asks for an answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS, you must select the appropriate material from the passage for your answer, but you must still use your own words to express it. Little credit can be given to answers which only copy words or phrases from the passage. (a) (i) In paragraph 1, which two separate expressions are used to indicate ‘changing fortunes’? ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) In paragraph 2, what do you think is meant by ‘How the World has revolved in 3000 years!’? ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) In paragraph 6, which expression means ‘much less important than before’? .......................................................................................................................................[1] (b) What do you think has replaced manners in human behaviour as ‘people have continued to get busier’, and why? ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[3] (c) (i) Using paragraph 5, in about 80 of your own words, state why Switzerland had so many finishing schools. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[6] (ii) In your own words, explain why many Swiss finishing schools have ceased to exist. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (iii) Why have new finishing schools opened up today in places like China? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (d) How did the ‘debutante system’ try to ensure the continuing existence of aristocratic families? ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] (e) (i) Explain the meaning of the six following words as they are used in the passage. You may write the answer in one word or a short phrase. burgeoning (line 5) ........................................................................................................................................... counterparts (line 14) ........................................................................................................................................... uncouth (line 21) ........................................................................................................................................... frequent (line 29) ........................................................................................................................................... aspiring (line 37) ........................................................................................................................................... defunct (line 56) .......................................................................................................................................[6] (ii) Use these words in six separate sentences to illustrate their meanings as used in the passage. Your sentences should not deal with the subject matter of the passage. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[6] [Total: 35] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

Mark scheme: 2(a)(i) ebb and flow 2 rise and fall (have)lost favour 2 × 1 2(a)(ii) become opposites over time/everything changed round over time/gone full 1 circle 2(a)(iii) a pale shadow of their former selves 1 2(b) Accept anything along the lines of: 3 • selfishness/greed/lack of respect • too busy to be nice/pace of life too fast for manners • got to earn money to stay alive and it is a cut-throat business • manners are old-fashioned/out of date in this modern world • the ‘Me’ generation 3 × 1 2(c)(i) Accept any of the following comments, using own words not text: 6 • sophisticated way of life • a way of life which encouraged good health • uplifting countryside and views • country speaks many different languages and can cater to many nationalities • appreciative of many different countries’ way of life and culture • many wealthy people with a wealthy lifestyle • settled government and way of life • not influenced by other countries so able to live in freedom 6 × 1 2(c)(ii) Accept any of the following comments, using own words not text: 4 • less demand for the schools as women now had a different importance • changing ideas on the position of women in our way of life • the development of women’s rights movements • the growth in importance of women in the workplace • overheads became too high and profits fell • cost of staffing, property rents etc. became too high 4 × 1 or 2 × 2 2(c)(iii) • different demand i.e. understanding Western culture 2 • to learn Western etiquette and manners • need to know how to treat Western business people 2 × 1 or 1 × 2 2(d) • not allow outsiders into their debutante system 4 • only aristocratic families could participate • tried to marry debutantes to aristocratic bachelors • committee selected suitable debutantes, • or they were sponsored by elite members of society 2 × 2 or 1 × 2 + 2 × 1 2(e)(i) burgeoning: flourishing, rapidly/fast growing, booming, fast expanding 6 counterparts: equivalents, opposite numbers, equals, peers, fellows uncouth: uncultured, uncivilised, unrefined, unpolished, unsophisticated, crude, loutish, boorish frequent: visit often/regularly, go to often/regularly, stay in often aspiring: hopeful, optimistic, hopeful, determined defunct: obsolete, no longer of use, dead 6 × 1 2(e)(ii) burgeoning: The burgeoning demand for new roads, lighting, energy 6 supply lines and the like for the towns growing new suburbs could not be afforded by the town council, so they had to borrow from other sources. counterparts: In the school exchange with Malaysia the Singaporean pupils f uncouth: Eating with fingers seemed an uncouth way of behaving at dinner until our teacher told us that this was standard practice in our exchange school’s country. frequent: ‘If your daughter continues to frequent dubious nightclubs and bars she might earn a less-than-complimentary name for herself,’ warned my best friend. aspiring: Many an aspiring young footballer enters Manchester United’s youth academy, but very few ever make it to the first team on a Saturday. defunct: After 158 years of spinning the cotton mill became defunct owing to competition from overseas, and over 300 workers lost their jobs in the closure. 6 × 1 2 Use of English 15

3 Study Passage 3 in the Insert to answer the following questions (a)–(f). Note: When a question asks for an answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS, you must select the appropriate material from the passage for your answer, but you must still use your own words to express it. Little credit can be given to answers which only copy words or phrases from the passage. (a) Why do you think ‘FIZZ!’ might not be a good idea? ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[1] (b) Using information from Table A, which one of the advertising agencies do you think the managing director of Newaria might choose to advertise ‘FIZZ!’? Justify your choice, referring only to the agency you choose. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] (c) Using information from Table B, which one of the four advertising methods would: (i) make an estimated income of $500 000 per month? .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) have a ‘cost to place advertisement’ of $100 000 per week? .......................................................................................................................................[1] (d) For the following two questions there are four possible answers: A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and write its letter on the line provided. (i) Which one of the following words is closest in meaning to ‘generate’ (line 15)? A. form B. assist C. regard D. stop ............................................... [1] (ii) Which one of the following words is closest in meaning to ‘projected’ (in Table B)? A. total B. predicted C. viewing D. feasible ............................................... [1] (e) Considering the advantages and at least one disadvantage, explain which method of advertising you think the managing director of Newaria might choose to advertise ‘FIZZ!’. You should concentrate on your chosen method and not refer to the other methods. Answer using your own words as far as possible. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................[12] (f) Considering the disadvantages and at least one advantage, explain which method of advertising you think the managing director of Newaria would not choose to advertise ‘FIZZ!’. You should concentrate on your chosen method and not refer to the other methods. Answer using your own words as far as possible. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................[12] [Total: 35] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

Mark scheme: 3(a) Allow any sensible comment for 1 mark, such as: 1 • dangerous as could be mistaken for a sweet by a child • a risky venture, might not sell well 3(b) Credit either advertising agency along the following lines: 6 BUZZA • much bigger, more important agency overall • better attention as more staff to allocate to Newaria • more experienced staff e.g. 12 senior executives • successful as has 32 major clients • experienced in working on adverts for TV and internet • won 18 awards so proven track record • has 20 years of experience EPIC • very small agency so would get close personal attention • as probably not well known it would try extra hard to make a name for itself • fewer projects on the go so more time to give to Newaria • although only has two years of experience would be keen to impress • may work harder so as to improve annual profits • uses minor TV channels so could be cheaper 3 × 2 or 6 × 1 3(c)(i) Magazine advert 1 3(c)(ii) Internet popup 1 3(d)(i) A 1 3(d)(ii) B 1 3(e),(f) Credit any valid material. Candidates are at liberty to interpret any of the 12 data provided in other ways from those suggested below: Television advertisement Advantages • second largest projected audience so will attract a wide range of purchasers • a high level of all round cost-effectiveness/ for $2 million can earn $12 million • can hire a professional TV crew • fronted by a famous TV actor • highest projected income of all the methods ($12 million) • a moving picture can show the product better in a real-life time sequence • can easily show the product being used in a wide range of places/situations e.g. restaurant • generates a narrative that hooks in the viewer Disadvantages • the most expensive advert to make ($2 million) • the most expensive to air ($8 million) • exposure to market is only one month/shortest Magazine advertisement Advantages • second cheapest to make ($0.4 million) • exposure to market is second longest so may reach a wide ranging audience • more control over targeted audience • can perhaps change the picture every month in each new magazine edition • second highest projected income ($6 million) Disadvantages • second most expensive to publish ($2 million) • third largest/ second smallest projected audience (5 million) • not a well-known face to advertise it so audience is not convinced • middle-aged parent not the best for a product targeted at young people • not all readers look at adverts in magazines • concern over the positioning within the magazine for maximum exposure 3(e),(f) Internet pop-up Advantages • second cheapest to air ($0.6 million) • largest projected audience at 14 million ensuring possibility of high sales • will relate well to projected sales audience – young people who use internet a lot • young personality will make product appear ‘trendy’ and ‘cool’ Disadvantages • second most expensive to make • pop-ups not very popular with many people – irritating • (although projected audience is the highest) many people do not even look at them • projected income is second lowest ($3 million) • comedian may not be well known across all audience age groups • second shortest running length of six weeks so limited exposure • might be amateurish as only IT team producing the pop-up Billboard Advantages • cheapest advertisement to make ($0.3 million) • cheapest to place ($0.4 million) • longest running length at 34 weeks • people will see the billboard in a town/city and might go straight to a shop to buy while they remember Disadvantages • lowest projected audience (2 million) as billboards not seen by a great number of people • many people rush/cycle/drive past a billboard without even noticing it • many people do not watch gardening programmes and may wonder who the host is • not easy to position clearly a large billboard by the side of a road – advert may not be clear Whilst deciding a mark, award: 10–12 for a relevant, perceptive and balanced assessment (e.g. 3 advantages and 1 disadvantage; 3 disadvantages and 1 advantage) in their own words that endorses only one scheme and gives at least four reasons; 7–9 when one of the criteria above has not been satisfied; 5–6 when two of the criteria above have not been satisfied; 3–4 when the answer is badly flawed but contains some worthwhile material; 1–2 when there is little merit in the answer; 0 when there is no merit in the answer. 3 Use of English 15