Cambridge A Level General Paper (AS Level only) 8001 — 2016 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 10 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 insert. DC (ST) 115563/3 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary Level * 3 7 7 6 9 5 6 9 4 8 * GENERAL PAPER 8001/22 Paper 2 October/November 2016 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Insert READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the boxes above. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer one question. The total time of 1 hour 30 minutes includes time for you to study the questions before you begin your answer. You may make notes during this time if you wish. Up to 15 marks will be given for the quality and accuracy of your English throughout this paper. Dictionaries are not permitted. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 1 Study Passage 1 in the Insert to answer the following questions (a)–(g). Note: When a question asks for an answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS and you select the appropriate material from the passage for your answer, you must still use your own words to express it. Little credit can be given to answers which only copy words or phrases from the passage. (a) With reference to paragraph 2, explain in your own words: (i) what kind of young people the adventurers are … … … …[3] (ii) what the intended aim of the expedition is … …[1] (iii) how successful the programme is … … …[2] (b) In 30 of your own words, suggest three reasons why the youngsters’ horizons are initially so narrow. … … … …[3] (c) Give two characteristics that all of the adventurers in Iceland have exhibited. … …[2]

3 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (d) (i) In paragraph 5, which type of young person does it state that the BES is trying to help more? … …[1] (ii) What does the expression ‘people born with a silver spoon in their mouth’ mean (line 33)? … …[1] (iii) What is often missing from these youngsters’ lives? Give two examples. … … …[2] (e) In your own words: (i) Give two examples from the passage of a youngster making progress in his/her personal development. … … …[2] (ii) Explain the financial advantage offered by BES to the country as a whole. … … …[2] (f) (i) If you were to make an application to take part in a BES expedition, what might you include about yourself with regard to a quality or skill? Explain in 20 words. … … …[2] (ii) Which BES expedition would you choose to go on (lines 26–28)? Explain why in 20 words. … … …[2]

4 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (g) (i) Explain the meaning of the six following words or phrases as they are used in the passage. You may write the answer in one word or a short phrase: alien (line 1); … the preserve of (line 9); … self-sufficient (line 17); … emerges (line 24); … implemented (line 29); … unifying (line 48). … [6] (ii) Use these words or phrases in six separate sentences to illustrate their meanings as used in the passage. Your sentences should not deal with the subject matter of the passage. … … … … … … … … …[6] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

5 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 2 Study Passage 2 in the Insert to answer the following questions (a)–(d). Note: When a question asks for an answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS and you select the appropriate material from the passage for your answer, you must still use your own words to express it. Little credit can be given to answers which only copy words or phrases from the passage. (a) By considering the advantages and disadvantages, explain which one of the three routes is the most suitable as the route to encourage the greatest number of people to exercise. You must restrict your discussion to the chosen route and not refer to the other routes. Use your own words as far as possible. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[12]

6 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (b) By considering the advantages and disadvantages, explain which one of the three routes is the least suitable as the route to encourage the greatest number of people to exercise. You must restrict your discussion to your chosen route and not refer to the other routes. Use your own words as far as possible. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[12] (c) Which one piece of the information provided did you find the least relevant in deciding which route to choose as the route to encourage the greatest number of people to exercise? Justify your choice. … … … …[3]

7 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (d) (i) If you were a doctor, what two pieces of advice, other than walking, would you give a patient who wanted to follow a healthy lifestyle? Explain why in about 40 words. … … … … … …[4] (ii) If you were the Marketing Director of Rock + Water, what two strategies would you adopt, apart from running a competition, to encourage more customers into your stores? Explain why in about 40 words. … … … … … …[4] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

8 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 3 Study Passage 3 in the Insert to answer the following questions (a)–(e). Note: When a question asks for an answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS and you select the appropriate material from the passage for your answer, you must still use your own words to express it. Little credit can be given to answers which only copy words or phrases from the passage. (a) Give two expressions used in the passage which signify that the friends need to raise the money urgently. … … …[2] (b) Using information from the passage, give three qualities or characteristics each of the following people have shown. Justify your responses. (i) Ludovic … … … … … … … … …[6] (ii) Sven … … … … … … … … …[6]

9 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (iii) Tomasina … … … … … … … … …[6] (c) Explain one problem Sven might have pointed out regarding each of the following suggestions by Tomasina. Do not repeat any problem given. Write about 20 words for each answer. (i) Fun run … … …[2] (ii) Quiz night … … …[2] (iii) Disco … … …[2]

10 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (d) In your own words, explain the meaning of the following phrases: getting in shape (line 18); … good for staff morale (line 29); … not of their making (line 30); … to rain on your parade (line 33); … brimming over (line 35); … My last shot (line 43). … [6] (e) Do you think Tomasina might have approved of Sven’s suggestion of a talent show? Explain your answer. … … … …[3] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

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12 8001/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. This document consists of 8 printed pages. © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary Level GENERAL PAPER 8001/22 Paper 2 October/November 2016 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 50 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2016 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge International AS Level – October/November 2016 8001 22 © UCLES 2016 1 (a) (i) Youngsters/young adults who have no job (1), are not studying at school or college (1) or learning skills in a job (1) 3 × 1 [3] (ii) To improve/transform lifestyles/life chances/way of living/prospects [1] (iii) Most youngsters have a job or apprenticeship (1) in the space of a few months after their return (1) OR the vast majority of youngsters are employed or learning a trade on the job (1) in the space of a few months after their return (1) OR Very successful (1) as a high percentage of youngsters soon get a job or an apprenticeship (1) 2 × 1 [2] (b) They have not travelled abroad (1), have not got parents in their lives (1) and spend hours gaming/playing computer games (1)/no money as unemployed so can’t afford to do anything (1) 3 × 1 [3] Any relevant content well above 30 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a vertical red line at that point. (c) Willingness to step into the unknown AND perseverance [2] (d) (i) Disaffected people in and out of jail [1] (ii) A person who comes from a wealthy family [1] (iii) Confidence/positive role models/discipline to escape a downward spiral in society 2 × 1 [2] (e) (i) If a youngster is able to not get into an argument with someone (who is pushing them to) (1) OR If a youngster gets up straightaway in the morning (without dissent) (1) OR If a youngster finally decides to join in with cooking duties (after refusing to day after day) (1) OR If a youngster starts to show leadership/goes off to train, coming back as a senior adventurer OR If a youngster chooses to sign up for the army/visit America (1) 2 × 1 [2] (ii) It costs the state $150 000 for each individual who is a NEET throughout their life (1), but it only costs $8000 for a NEET to be a part of the BES programme (1) Relevant general statement regarding BES being cheaper (1) 2 × 1 [2]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge International AS Level – October/November 2016 8001 22 © UCLES 2016 (f) Credit any valid material. (i) I have shown leadership qualities (1) by being my class representative on our School Council (1) OR I could help with navigation on an expedition (1) as I have won prizes for my map reading skills (1) 2 × 1 [2] Any relevant content well above 20 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a vertical red line at that point. (ii) I would like to go to Namibia (1) as I am currently studying A-Levels in both Art and Photography (1) OR The Peruvian Amazon expedition attracts me (1) as it has always been my dream to swim with river dolphins (1) 2 × 1 [2] Any relevant content well above 20 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a vertical red line at that point. (g) (i) Alien: unfamiliar, hostile, foreign, strange, outlandish, exotic, unusual, surreal The preserve of: a sphere/place/activity/practice/world/kingdom regarded as a person’s own, reserved just for certain kinds of people, limited to, exclusive to, only meant for Self-sufficient: self-supporting, independent, needing nothing, able to supply one’s needs oneself Emerges: becomes recognised/prominent/known/apparent Implemented: carried out/through, followed through, saw through, drove home, got through, put into motion/swing/effect, brought about, applied Unifying: bringing together, bringing about integration/amalgamation/assimilation/fusion, which brings together 6 × 1 [6] (ii) The strict army discipline was a surprise to her, striking an alien note into what had been up to that point a carefree existence High powered jobs in the City are often regarded as the preserve of those born into privileged families belonging to the Establishment When students leave home to go to university, they have to become self-sufficient very quickly or else they will struggle to survive the hurly-burly of student life During the course of the day-long selection procedure, the lone female applicant emerges as the clear favourite to be offered the plum job Lindsay Sharp, the Scottish athlete, implemented her strategy of going out strong and committing to the 800 m Final to the letter, winning a gutsy silver medal in the process Experiencing a public event all together, such as a concert or a sports event, has a unifying force on spectators and engenders a sense of community 6 × 1 [6] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge International AS Level – October/November 2016 8001 22 © UCLES 2016 2 (a),(b) Credit any valid material. Candidates are at liberty to interpret any of the data provided in other ways from those suggested below. Route A Broadest appeal across potential users Offers flexibility regarding length and time (short and longer routes) No accessibility issues on shorter route Chance to get food and drink and use toilet facilities en route Mountain Rescue Centre so quick and easy access to help in an emergency Only possibility offered for hill walkers Free parking if people do their shopping at LoCost Likely to have good transport links for those without a car Lovely surroundings could outweigh Full circuit doesn’t offer accessibility to the full range Coming in well over budget (but there are two ways of topping up the government grant and improving accessibility) The longest time to construct Forced to shop in LoCost to get free parking and might not like that supermarket Route B Offers the longest route (and, if desired, could tailor to needs by only going out part of the route and retracing steps rather than doing full length) to the second widest range of people The most accessible – even the most inexperienced could manage the easy, flat going terrain, so might encourage those new to exercise and in most need of it (a gentle start) Can park for free and lots of parking spaces as once a railway station Requiring exactly what the government are offering in grants unlike the other routes could outweigh The second longest time to build – 6 months Boring to have to retrace steps and for those with more experience and higher fitness levels If too easy won’t increase health dramatically enough Slightly bumpy so would need to apply for grants for ramps as would have used up all of government grant Position at edge of town in rundown area could be problematic to reach if not got a car Surroundings not so pretty – heading towards a city with urban sprawl and perhaps congestion caused by lots of users from the city The proximity of the airport – noisy so could scare dogs and horses, and visually not so appealing (unless a plane spotter) Route C Offers flexibility (4 or 8 km) Going through varied lovely surroundings (urban and rural) so not at all boring for the users Reasonably easy so good accessibility for beginners and intermediates re. ability Central location so good transport links if no car Parking is free if coming by car Shortest time to build Costing well within the budget could outweigh The routes are quite short so not very testing re. improving health Undemanding so could be boring after a while The narrowest range of people would be able to use it as accessibility is limited Busy in centre so perhaps congested and dangerous and few car park spaces available plus limited to an hour long stay (though could do 4 km circuit in this time) Dog mess problem in town could be made worse by encouraging more dogs in centre Problems re. safety if it rains What about $100 000 that could have been applied for – a waste if don’t apply for full amount available

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge International AS Level – October/November 2016 8001 22 © UCLES 2016 Whilst deciding a mark, award 11–12 for a relevant, perceptive and balanced assessment (e.g. 4 advantages and 1 disadvantage; 4 disadvantages and 1 advantage) that eventually endorses one route after having covered at least 5 factors 8–10 when one of the criteria above has not been satisfied; 5–7 when two of the criteria above have not been satisfied; 3–4 when the answer is badly flawed but contains some worthwhile material; 1–2 when there is little merit in the answer; 0 when there is no merit in the answer. [12] (c) The most obviously irrelevant piece of information is 4, but candidates are free to make a case for any others. Point 4 (1) as it is much more important to the final decision to know details such as how accessible the route is, how much it will cost and how long it will take to build (1) these factors are crucial rather than they are fierce rivals (1) Award marks as follows: 3 sound choice; sound justification 2 possible choice; reasonable justification 1 sound choice; weak justification 0 suspect choice; weak justification [3] (d) (i) Credit any valid material. • You should eat at least five pieces of fruit and vegetables a day/a balanced diet (1) in order to give yourself all the minerals and nutrients required for good health (1) • If you smoke, try to give up (1) to prevent a variety of cancers/heart disease, etc. (1) • If you drink excessively, try to cut down (1) to prevent liver disease, etc. (1) • You should visit the dentist regularly (1) as poor hygiene has been linked to heart disease, etc. (1) • You should not spend hours in front of screens without a break (1) as it will affect your eyesight (1) • You should not listen to music too loudly through headphones (1) as incidences of deafness are increasing (1) 2 × 2 [4] Any relevant content well above 40 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a vertical red line at that point.

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge International AS Level – October/November 2016 8001 22 © UCLES 2016 (ii) Credit any valid material. • I would put customers who join our emailing list (1) into a draw to win adventure holidays (1) • I would offer the chance to take part in a taster session for a new sport (1) to customers who complete an online survey (1) • I would offer discounts to students (1) to increase loyalty from younger customers (1) • I would offer ‘buy one get one free’ deals (1) to attract customer attention (1) • I would sponsor a successful team or sports person (1) to gain a little of their stardust (1) • I would hire a celebrity (1) to endorse our products (1) • I would use social media (1) to raise our profile among young people about our product (1) 2 × 2 [4] Any relevant content well above 40 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a vertical red line at that point. Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English. 3 (a) Credit any two of the following. There’s not a moment to lose (paragraph 3)/Time is running out (paragraph 5)/we’re up against the clock (paragraph 9) / a life-threatening illness (Intro) 2 × 1 [2] (b) (i) Credit any of the following or any other valid point. Candidates can develop a response using quotes from the passage to back up their point. Ludovic: • He is humorous (1) as he tells jokes (1) • He is a well-regarded co-worker (1) as he is described as a super guy (1)/his absence is felt (1) • He is well liked (1) as people want to raise money to help him (1) • Loyal to Acme (1) as he has stayed with the company for more than a decade (1) • Good at his job (1) as he has been voted the best worker on three occasions (1) • Max 3 for literal interpretation of question with no development 3 × 2 [6] (ii) Credit any of the following or any other valid point. Sven: • He is an adventurous type/fearless (1) as he suggests the parachute jump (1) • Patient/prepared to listen (1) as he allows Tomasina to run through all her ideas first (1) • Insightful/forward thinking (1) as he can envisage all the disadvantages of Tomasina’s suggestions OR a negative person (1) as always sees the problems relating to Tomasina’s ideas (1) • Indulgent/exasperated regarding her ideas (1) as he points out that she comes out with them before giving them enough consideration re. quality (1) • He is often correct (1) as Tomasina bows to his objections (1) • Max 3 for a literal interpretation of the question with no development 3 × 2 [6]

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge International AS Level – October/November 2016 8001 22 © UCLES 2016 (iii) Credit any of the following or any other valid point. Tomasina • She is caring/thoughtful (1) as she has been reflecting on Ludovic’s predicament (1) • Aware of the grave nature of his situation (1) as she is focused on making the most money in the shortest time (1) • More nervous than Sven (1) as she was too afraid to do a parachute jump (1) • Enthusiastic/creative (1) as she is full of ideas/comes up with lots of suggestions (1) • Impatient (1) as she does not fully analyse the implications of her suggestions (1) • Commercially aware sometimes (1) as thinks about the morale of Acme employees/the possibility of getting Acme financially involved (1) • Max 3 for a literal interpretation of the question with no development 3 × 2 [6] (c) (i) Credit any of the following or any other valid point. Fun run • It would be hard to collect in all the sponsorship money promised (1) as not everyone pays up (1) • There would be a need to have medical help on hand (1) in case of injury or collapse (1) • They would need to liaise with the council (1) as roads have to be closed • They would need to sign the route all the way round (1) so no one gets lost (1) • They would need to organise refreshments along the route (1) to keep runners hydrated (1) 2 × 1 (2) Any relevant content well above 20 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a vertical red line at that point. (ii) Credit any of the following or any other valid point. Quiz Night • If Acme won’t sponsor the prize money (1) they would need to find another sponsor (1) • They would need to find a quiz master (1) prepared to set questions and run the night for free (1) • They would need money up front (1) to buy the food and drink (1) • If not many turned up (1) and lots of food and drink left over (1)/they would be out of pocket (1) 2 × 1 (2) Any relevant content well above 20 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a vertical red line at that point. (iii) Credit any of the following or any other valid point. Disco • It might have limited appeal (1) as not everyone likes dancing (1) • If local venues won’t play ball (1) they would incur upfront costs (1) • They would need someone prepared to organise competitions/raffles for free (1) but they take up a lot of time and energy (1) • It would be hard to sell tickets for raffles if people were dancing (1) so amount raised would be limited (1) • They would need to be sure people behave/leave quietly (1) otherwise would not be good for reputation of Acme’s employees 2 × 1 (2) Any relevant content well above 20 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a vertical red line at that point.

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge International AS Level – October/November 2016 8001 22 © UCLES 2016 (d) getting in shape: becoming fit/fitter, improving your body shape/outline good for staff morale: improving workers’ well-being/state of mind, making personnel happier/more positive not of their making: not their fault, innocent of any blame to rain on your parade: to spoil your plans, to pour cold water on an idea, to be negative about something, to disappoint brimming over: full of (ideas), having more (ideas) than you can cope with, My last shot: my final go, my final plan/idea 6 × 1 [6] (e) • It is a great idea (1) • because lots of people have a hidden talent (1) and this gives them a chance to shine (1) • talent shows are currently very popular on television (1) so would attract a good number of participants (1)/a huge audience and so lots of money (1) OR • It is a bad idea (1) • because it takes a lot of organisation/rehearsal time (1) and time is short (1) • they need a specialist team to sort out lighting, sound, etc. (1) which they might not have at Acme/expensive to buy in if they won’t do it for free (1) 3 × 1 [3] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.