Cambridge A Level Computer Science 9618 — 2024 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 3

This document has 16 pages. [Turn over Cambridge International AS & A Level COMPUTER SCIENCE 9618/13 Paper 1 Theory Fundamentals May/June 2024 1 hour 30 minutes You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. ● Calculators must not be used in this paper. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 75. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. ● No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware. * 4 9 7 7 2 5 9 3 4 5 * DC (KS/SG) 329374/2 © UCLES 2024 ,

 
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2 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 1 (a) Complete the following description. A kibibyte has a … prefix. Three kibibytes is the same as … bytes. A megabyte has a … prefix. Two terabytes is the same as … gigabytes. [4] (b) Convert the denary number 241 to hexadecimal. … … [1] (c) State what is meant by an overflow in binary addition. … … [1] (d) Computers use character sets when representing characters in binary. (i) Complete the table by identifying the number of bits each of the character sets allocates to each character. Character set Number of bits ASCII extended ASCII Unicode [1] (ii) Explain how the word ‘Clock’ is represented by a character set. … … … … [2] * 0019655335902 * ,

 
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3 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 [Turn over 2 A photograph is stored as a bitmap image. (a) The photograph has a resolution of 4000 pixels wide by 3000 pixels high. The bit depth is 4 bytes. Calculate an estimate for the file size of the photograph in megabytes. Show your working. Working … … … Answer … megabytes [2] (b) The photograph is compressed before being uploaded to a web server. (i) Give three benefits of this photograph being compressed using lossy compression instead of lossless compression. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] (ii) Explain how run-length encoding (RLE) will compress the photograph. … … … … [2] (c) Identify two elements of a bitmap image that can be changed to reduce its file size. 1 … … 2 … … [2] * 0019655335903 * ,

 
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4 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 3 The following table shows part of the instruction set for a processor. The processor has two registers: the Accumulator (ACC) and an Index Register (IX). Instruction Explanation Opcode Operand LDM #n Immediate addressing. Load the number n to ACC LDD <address> Direct addressing. Load the contents of the location at the given address to ACC LDI <address> Indirect addressing. The address to be used is at the given address. Load the contents of this second address to ACC LDX <address> Indexed addressing. Form the address from <address> + the contents of the index register. Copy the contents of this calculated address to ACC LDR #n Immediate addressing. Load the number n to IX ADD #n/Bn/&n Add the number n to the ACC ADD <address> Add the contents of the given address to the ACC DEC <register> Subtract 1 from the contents of the register (ACC or IX) SUB #n/Bn/&n Subtract the number n from the ACC SUB <address> Subtract the contents of the given address from the ACC INC <register> Add 1 to the contents of the register (ACC or IX) <address> can be an absolute or a symbolic address # denotes a denary number, e.g. #123 B denotes a binary number, e.g. B01001010 & denotes a hexadecimal number, e.g. &4A * 0019655335904 * ,

 
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5 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 [Turn over (a) The current contents of memory are shown: Address Data 48 51 49 6 50 48 51 50 52 49 53 50 54 6 The current contents of the ACC and IX are shown: ACC 2 IX 50 Complete the table by writing the content of the ACC after each program has run. Program number Code ACC content 1 LDM #50 INC ACC SUB #1 2 LDI 51 ADD 52 3 LDR #2 LDX 50 DEC ACC 4 LDD 52 SUB 54 INC ACC [4] * 0019655335905 * ,

 
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6 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 (b) The processor includes these bit manipulation instructions: Instruction Explanation Opcode Operand AND #n/Bn/&n Bitwise AND operation of the contents of ACC with the operand AND <address> Bitwise AND operation of the contents of ACC with the contents of <address> XOR #n/Bn/&n Bitwise XOR operation of the contents of ACC with the operand XOR <address> Bitwise XOR operation of the contents of ACC with the contents of <address> OR #n/Bn/&n Bitwise OR operation of the contents of ACC with the operand OR <address> Bitwise OR operation of the contents of ACC with the contents of <address> LSL #n Bits in ACC are shifted logically n places to the left. Zeros are introduced on the right-hand end LSR #n Bits in ACC are shifted logically n places to the right. Zeros are introduced on the left-hand end <address> can be an absolute or a symbolic address # denotes a denary number, e.g. #123 B denotes a binary number, e.g. B01001010 & denotes a hexadecimal number, e.g. &4A The current contents of memory are shown: Address Data 100 00001101 101 10111110 102 11110011 103 00110111 104 00000000 The current content of the ACC is shown: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 0019655335906 * ,

 
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7 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 [Turn over Complete the table by writing the content of the ACC after each instruction has run. The binary number 11111111 is reloaded into the ACC before each instruction is run. Instruction number Instruction ACC content 1 LSL #2 2 XOR 100 3 AND 103 [3] * 0019655335907 * ,

 
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8 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 4 A theatre wants to use a database to store data about the shows that are scheduled, their customers and the seats that the customers have booked. In the theatre: • Each show can take place on multiple dates. • Some dates can have more than one performance. • There are multiple rows of seats. • Each seat can be individually booked by its row letter and seat number, for example row E seat 2. Part of the database design includes these tables: SHOW(ShowID, Title, Duration) SEAT(SeatID, RowLetter, SeatNumber) PERFORMANCE(PerformanceID, ShowID, ShowDate, StartTime) (a) Identify the relationship between the tables PERFORMANCE and SHOW. … … [1] (b) Sample data for the table PERFORMANCE is shown: PerformanceID ShowID ShowDate StartTime 0001 MK12 5/5/2025 13:00 0002 MK12 5/5/2025 19:30 0003 MK12 6/5/2025 19:00 0004 OP3 7/5/2025 18:30 0005 OP3 8/5/2025 18:30 0006 OP3 9/5/2025 13:00 Write a Structured Query Language (SQL) script to define the table PERFORMANCE. … … … … … … … … … [4] * 0019655335908 * ,

 
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9 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 [Turn over (c) Write an SQL script to return the number of times each show is scheduled. For example, in the sample data in part (b), the show MK12 is scheduled three times. The result needs to include the show name and a suitable field name for the number of times it is scheduled. … … … … … … … … [4] (d) Customers give their first name, last name and email address when they are making a booking. One booking can include multiple seats. Describe the additional tables that will need to be included in the database and explain how these tables will be linked within the database. … … … … … … … … … … [5] * 0019655336009 * ,

 

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10 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 5 A multimedia design company has an office with a LAN (local area network). The LAN can have up to 20 devices connected with cables and other devices connected using wireless access. (a) The company has private cloud storage for its employees to store their work. (i) Define the term private cloud. … … [1] (ii) Describe the benefits to the company of using private cloud storage instead of public cloud storage. … … … … … … [3] (b) Part of the internal structure of the wired LAN is a star topology. Explain how packets are transmitted between two devices in a star topology. … … … … [2] * 0019655336010 * ,

 

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11 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 [Turn over (c) A different part of the network uses the Ethernet protocol. (i) A collision is detected. Describe how the collision is managed using Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD). … … … … [2] (ii) Identify two drawbacks of using CSMA/CD. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (d) The devices in the office have static private IP addresses. State what is meant by a static private IP address. … … … [1] * 0019655336011 * ,

 
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12 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 6 Each of the following truth tables has three inputs (A, B and C) and one output (X). Draw one line to match each truth table with its logic expression. Truth table Logic expression A B C X 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 A B C X 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 A B C X 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 [3] NOT (A XOR B) AND C (A OR C) AND NOT B A NAND B NAND C (A NAND B) OR C NOT (A AND B AND C) * 0019655336012 * ,

 
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13 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 [Turn over 7 Robots are used to serve food and drink to customers at a restaurant. (a) A robot navigates through the restaurant to the table it is serving. Complete the table by identifying two sensors that can be included in the robot and the purpose of each sensor in the navigation system. Sensor Purpose of sensor in navigation system … … … … … … … … [2] (b) The robot uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to communicate with the customers. The customers speak to the robot to order their food and drinks. Explain how AI will be used in this part of the robot. … … … … … … … … [3] * 0019655336013 * ,

 
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14 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 (c) The navigation system can be considered an example of a control system. Describe how feedback is used in a control system. … … … … [2] (d) The robot includes a touchscreen for the customer to make their payment. Describe the principal operation of a touchscreen. … … … … … … … … [4] * 0019655336014 * ,

 
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15 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 [Turn over (e) Program libraries were used when writing the robot’s software. (i) State what is meant by a program library. … … [1] (ii) Some program libraries include Dynamic Link Library (DLL) files. Describe the benefits of a programmer using a library with DLL files instead of using a library that does not include DLL files. … … … … … … … … [4] * 0019655336015 * ,

 
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16 9618/13/M/J/24 © UCLES 2024 (f) The data from the robots is transmitted to a central computer using a wireless connection. (i) Complete the table by identifying and describing two methods of data verification that can be used during data transfer. Method Description 1 … … … … … … … … 2 … … … … … … … … [4] (ii) Explain how encryption can protect the security of data during transmission. … … … … [2] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. * 0019655336016 * ,

 
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This document consists of 9 printed pages. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 [Turn over Cambridge International AS & A Level COMPUTER SCIENCE 9618/13 Paper 1 Theory Fundamentals May/June 2024 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 75 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2024 series for most Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some Cambridge O Level components.

9618/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 2 of 9 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptions for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with:  the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question  the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question  the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively:  marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate  marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do  marks are not deducted for errors  marks are not deducted for omissions  answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

9618/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 3 of 9 Question Answer Marks 1(a) 1 mark for each correct answer:  binary  3072  denary/decimal  2000 A kibibyte has a binary prefix. Three kibibytes is the same as 3072 bytes. A megabyte has a decimal/denary prefix. Two terabytes is the same as 2000 gigabytes. 4 1(b) 1 mark for correct answer: F1 1 1(c) 1 mark for a correct answer: The answer is too long to be represented in the same number of bits as the binary numbers being added 1 1(d)(i) 1 mark for all 3 answers correct: 1 1(d)(ii) 1 mark each:  Each character has a unique binary code  The binary code for each character is stored in sequence 2 Question Answer Marks 2(a) 1 mark for working:  4000 * 3000 * 4 1 mark for correct answer:  48MB 2 2(b)(i) 1 mark each to max 3:  The file takes less storage space on the web server than if lossless compression was used  The file is faster to upload/download to/from the server than if lossless compression was used  The file uses less bandwidth to transmit than if lossless compression was used  The file consumes less data allowance than if lossless compression was used 3 Character set Number of bits ASCII 7 extended ASCII 8 Unicode 16/32

9618/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 4 of 9 Question Answer Marks 2(b)(ii) 1 mark each:  Identifies consecutive repeating pixels of the same colour  Stores the colour /pattern and the number of times it repeats 2 2(c) 1 mark each to max 2:  Colour/bit depth  Image resolution 2 Question Answer Marks 3(a) 1 mark for each correct answer: Program Number Code ACC Content 1 LDM #50 INC ACC SUB #1 50 2 LDI 51 ADD 52 97 3 LDR #2 LDX 50 DEC ACC 48 4 LDD 52 SUB 54 INC ACC 44 4 3(b) 1 mark for each correct answer: Instruction Number Instruction ACC Content 1 LSL #2 1111 1100 2 XOR 100 1111 0010 3 AND 103 0011 0111 3

9618/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 5 of 9 Question Answer Marks 4(a) 1 mark for: many to 1 // there are many performances of each show 1 4(b) 1 mark each for:  Creating table PERFORMANCE with opening and closing brackets  Setting all four attributes with appropriate data types  Setting PerformanceID as primary key  Setting ShowID as foreign key referencing SHOW table Example: CREATE TABLE PERFORMANCE( PerformanceID varchar NOT NULL, ShowID varchar, ShowDate Date, StartTime Time, PRIMARY KEY(PerformanceID), FOREIGN KEY(ShowID) REFERENCES SHOW(ShowID) ); 4 4(c) 1 mark each for:  Selecting COUNT of an attribute in PERFORMANCE table with suitable name  FROM clause  Joining tables  Grouping by the title and selecting the title Example 1: SELECT SHOW.Title, Count(PERFORMANCE.PerformanceID) AS NumberOfShowings FROM PERFORMANCE, SHOW WHERE PERFORMANCE.ShowID = SHOW.ShowID GROUP BY SHOW.Title; Example 2: SELECT SHOW.Title, Count(PERFORMANCE.PerformanceID) AS NumberOfShowings FROM PERFORMANCE INNER JOIN SHOW ON PERFORMANCE.ShowID = SHOW.ShowID GROUP BY SHOW.Title; 4

9618/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 6 of 9 Question Answer Marks 4(d) 1 mark each to max 5: e.g.  CUSTOMER table identified with suitable Primary Key and appropriate name  … and other suitable fields including name and email  BOOKING TABLE identified with suitable Primary Key and appropriate name  … that stores the Primary Key of the CUSTOMER table as a Foreign Key to join with CUSTOMER table  … and stores the Primary Key of the PERFORMANCE table as a Foreign Key to join with PERFORMANCE table  A linking table between Table 2 and SEAT with suitable Primary Key and appropriate name  … that includes the Primary Key of Table 2 as a Foreign Key to join with Table 2  … that stores the SeatID. 5 Question Answer Marks 5(a)(i) 1 mark for: Dedicated/bespoke services/storage on a remote server only available to company 1 5(a)(ii) 1 mark each to max 3: e.g.  Not reliant on a third party  … gives greater control over security/privacy  … gives greater control over backup  Storage can be tailored/scalable to company requirements// an example e.g. the amount of storage accessible/ facilitating the sharing of files 3 5(b) 1 mark each:  Sending computer transmits packets directly to switch/router/central device  Switch/router/central device checks destination address of packet and forwards directly to that device 2 5(c)(i) 1 mark each to max 2:  Jamming signal is transmitted by the sending device  Transmission is aborted  The sending device waits a random time before trying to send data again ...  ... if further collisions occur the wait time is increased 2

9618/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 7 of 9 Question Answer Marks 5(c)(ii) 1 mark each to max 2:  Random time increased each time so can be infinite waiting  May be constant jamming signal so nothing ever sends  Certain nodes cannot be prioritised  High power consumption  Only suitable for short distance network // limited distance  Not scalable // more nodes means exponentially longer waiting times 2 5(d) 1 mark for: Static means the IP for that device does not change and Private means it can only be accessed/seen/used within the LAN 1 Question Answer Marks 6 1 mark for each correct line: 3

9618/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 8 of 9 Question Answer Marks 7(a) 1 mark for sensor and matching purpose to max 2: Sensor Purpose of sensor in navigation system Pressure To detect if a table or other obstacle has been hit // to detect when food is put on/taken off the tray so it can move on Infra-red To detect if there is an obstacle in the way // to indicate that it has reached the desired table Sound To detect if someone is speaking so that it can use AI to decipher the speech and whether the robot is required to stop 2 7(b) 1 mark each to max 3: e.g.  Voice/speech recognition is used  ... to identify if someone speaking  The sound is recorded and analysed  The audio recordings are compared to a database of words/sound waves  ... to identify the word that has the highest probability of being said  Natural language recognition is used  Words are combined and compared to known sentences  … programmed action(s) for matching sentence(s) are performed 3 7(c) 1 mark each to max 2:  Feedback ensures that a system operates within set criteria / constraints  ... by enabling system output to affect subsequent system input  ... thus allowing conditions to be automatically adjusted 2 7(d) 1 mark each to max 4:  Resistive: The space between the conductive layers is removed/the layers touch and a circuit is completed  Capacitive: The electrical charge changes where the user pressed  The point of contact is identified  ... from the change in electrical field  The software/microprocessor calculates the coordinates 4 7(e)(i) 1 mark for: Pre-written code/functions/routines that can be imported/called in another program 1

9618/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2024 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 9 of 9 Question Answer Marks 7(e)(ii) 1 mark each to max 4:  Maintenance not needed to be done by the programmer  ... because the DLL is separate from program  The calling program does not need recompilation by the programmer when a DLL file changes  ... because the DLL file can be updated independently of the calling program  … updates will apply to all programs that use the DLL file 4 7(f)(i) 1 mark for each correct method and 1 mark for corresponding description to max 4: Method Description Parity byte An additional bit is added to make the number of 1s in the byte odd or even to match the parity. If a byte with an odd number of 1 bits is received when even parity is used, there is an error. Parity block Parity is calculated horizontally and vertically. A parity byte is created from the bits produced by the vertical parity check. This is sent with the data. The parity is re-checked when received and the position of an incorrect bit can be determined. Checksum A calculation is made from the data and the result transmitted with the data. The receiver repeats the calculation and compares the result with the value received. If the two are different, there is an error. 4 7(f)(ii) 1 mark each to max 2:  Encodes/scrambles data  ... so if it is intercepted it cannot be understood  Algorithm/key is required to decode the data 2