Cambridge IGCSE Marine Science (Maldives only) 0697 — 2021 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 0

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. Cambridge IGCSE™ MARINE SCIENCE 0697/01 Paper 1 Structured May/June 2021 1 hour 30 minutes You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 80. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. * 5 8 1 1 7 6 4 8 2 1 * DC (NF) 213973 © UCLES 2021 [Turn over

2 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 Answer all questions. 1 Fig. 1.1 shows a food web. killer whale sea turtles crustaceans algae sea cucumbers jellyfish phytoplankton great white shark large fish small fish Fig. 1.1 (a) Complete Table 1.1 to name one organism from Fig. 1.1 for each description. Table 1.1 description name of organism a herbivore … a primary producer … an organism on the fourth trophic level … a prey of the sea turtles … [4]

3 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 [Turn over (b) Outline the role of primary producers in a food web. … … … … … … [3] (c) Most species of sea turtle are endangered. Use Fig. 1.1 to suggest and explain the impact of a continued decrease in the number of sea turtles on the populations of jellyfish. … … … … [2] (d) Suggest two conservation measures that can be used to help conserve sea turtles. 1 … 2 … [2] [Total: 11]

4 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows a horned ghost crab, Ocypode ceratophthalmus. Fig. 2.1 Table 2.1 shows the classification for this species. Complete Table 2.1 to show the correct classification of the horned ghost crab. Table 2.1 group name kingdom animalia phylum … … crustacea order decapoda genus … species ceratophthalmus [3] (b) (i) Ghost crabs reproduce through external fertilisation. Describe the process of external fertilisation. … … … … [2]

5 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 [Turn over (ii) After the crab eggs hatch the organisms live as planktonic larvae. State the meaning of the term planktonic larvae. … … … … [2] (iii) Suggest one advantage for crabs of having planktonic larvae. … … [1] (c) Crabs moult many times during their life cycle. (i) Describe moulting in crabs. … … [1] (ii) Suggest why crabs moult. … … … … [2] [Total: 11]

6 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 3 (a) Global warming is considered a worldwide problem. State two causes of global warming. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (b) (i) Discuss the differences between currents and tides. … … … … … … [3] (ii) Suggest the impact global warming may have on tides. … … [1] (c) Define each of these chemical properties of sea water. (i) pH … … [1] (ii) salinity … … … … [2] [Total: 9]

7 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 [Turn over 4 Coral reefs are environmentally sensitive and can be easily damaged. (a) Describe the environmental impact of sewage and heavy metals on a coral reef. (i) sewage … … … … … … [3] (ii) heavy metals … … … … [2] (b) On a healthy coral reef scientists noticed a decrease in the number of Nassau grouper fish. (i) Explain how the catch per unit effort for Nassau grouper fish would be affected on this reef. … … … … [2] (ii) Explain how one named fisheries practice could be used to increase the number of Nassau grouper fish. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 10]

8 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 5 A fishing boat travels from its home port, X, to a fishing ground, Y. After fishing it takes the catch to the processing plant, Z, before returning to the home port. Fig. 5.1 shows the chart for this journey. N X Y Z 40´ 40´ 20´ 28° 40´ 20´ 27° 40´ 20´ 26° 40´ 20´ 25° 40´ 20´ 20´ 35° 24° 36° Fig. 5.1 (a) State the latitude and longitude of the home port, X. latitude ……………………………………………………….……… longitude ……………………………………………………………. [2] (b) (i) State the name of the instrument used to know the direction of travel of the boat. … [1] (ii) State the direction the boat travels from the fishing ground, Y, to the processing plant, Z. … [1] (iii) Name one abiotic factor that may cause the boat to be off course. … [1] (c) Suggest two reasons why the fishermen may use an echo sounder. 1 … … 2 … … [2]

9 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 [Turn over (d) The fishing boat uses the purse seine method. Fig. 5.2 shows four different fishing methods. (i) Tick the box below the diagram that shows the purse seine method. Fig. 5.2 [1] (ii) State one environmental problem of purse seine fishing. … … [1] [Total: 9]

10 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 6 (a) For each biological molecule, state one function in the human body. (i) protein … … [1] (ii) lipid (fats or oils) … … [1] (iii) nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) … … [1] (b) State one social and one economic importance of fish as a source of food. social … … economic … … [2] (c) To reduce spoilage of fish it is often processed and preserved. (i) Describe the process of putrefaction in fish. … … … … [2]

11 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 [Turn over (ii) Canning is a method of preserving fish. Describe the canning method. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 10]

12 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 7 Fig. 7.1 shows a map of an island that has an active fishing industry. A marine ecotourism hotel has recently been built on the island. fishing ground 1 fishing ground 2 sandy beach Marine Protected Area tourist hotel and activities harbour Fig. 7.1 (a) (i) State two aims of marine ecotourism. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (ii) Using Fig. 7.1, suggest two conflicts that could occur between the fishermen and the tourism business. 1 … … 2 … … [2]

13 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 [Turn over (iii) Suggest two benefits the tourism business could have for the fishermen. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (b) State how the Marine Protected Area can benefit both the tourism industry and the fishermen. tourism industry … … fishermen … … [2] (c) List three features a fisherman would expect to find at a modern harbour. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] [Total: 11]

14 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 8 Fig. 8.1 shows a map of the world. A B Fig. 8.1 (a) (i) Identify the oceans labelled A and B. A … B … [1] (ii) List the three main factors affecting international fisheries resources. 1 … 2 … 3 … [2] (b) Table 8.1 shows the number of four species of shark caught as by-catch and released by the longlining fleet in the Maldives. Table 8.1 year hammerhead sharks thresher sharks mako sharks whitetip sharks 2014 143 822 875 1525 2015 14 44 72 331 2016 78 374 534 464 2017 34 86 141 86

15 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 In the Maldives, there is a complete ban on shark fisheries, but fishing vessels have to record the sharks accidentally caught and released. (i) Suggest one action taken by the fisheries authority to ensure no sharks are landed. … … [1] (ii) State the year fewest total number of sharks were accidentally caught. … [1] (iii) Between 2014 and 2017 the number of whitetip sharks accidentally caught decreased by nearly 95%. Suggest two possible reasons for this. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (c) In many countries consumers want to buy fish that has a low environmental impact. (i) Explain the meaning of the term consumer. … … [1] (ii) Suggest how the data in Table 8.1 show an improving environmental impact of this fishery. … … [1] [Total: 9]

16 0697/01/M/J/21 © UCLES 2021 BLANK PAGE The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on any maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge Assessment International Education concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or any of its authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.