Cambridge IGCSE Environmental Management 0680 — 2010 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 3

This document consists of 12 printed pages. DC (AC/SW) 26874 © UCLES 2010 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. * 8 9 9 0 2 7 8 8 5 3 * ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 0680/13 Paper 1 May/June 2010 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2010 For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 1 Look at the diagram below of a volcano. A B C E D (a) (i) Put the correct letter next to each of the features named below: magma chamber … lava … crater … ash … [2] (ii) Give the letter of the feature which will improve soil fertility in 1. the short term (a few years) 2. the long term (hundreds of years) 1. … 2. … [2]

3 © UCLES 2010 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 (b) Volcanoes and earthquakes are due to tectonic activity. They both cause problems but fewer people are killed by volcanoes than earthquakes. (i) Give three ways in which people might be killed by volcanoes. … … … … … …[3] (ii) Why are more people killed during earthquakes than during volcanic eruptions? … … … …[2] (iii) State one strategy for reducing loss of life in an earthquake. … …[1]

4 © UCLES 2010 For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 2 Look at the diagram below which shows some sources of water pollution. D C B lake A G F E (a) (i) A–G on the diagram are places where water pollutants are produced. Match each letter to one of the three main sources of pollution named below. Domestic … Agricultural … Industrial … [3]

5 © UCLES 2010 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 (ii) The effects of plant minerals in water are summarised in the following flow chart. Complete the flow chart. nitrate and phosphate from farms and houses enters lakes and rivers organic matter broken down by decomposers fish and other animals die [3] (b) Describe ways in which water pollution might be reduced or stopped. … … … … … …[4]

6 © UCLES 2010 For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 3 (a) Read the following statement about the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity established in 1993. Our objectives are • the conservation of biodiversity, • the sustainable use of its components, • the fair sharing of the benefits of using genetic resources. (i) State what biodiversity means. … … …[2] (ii) If global warming makes an area drier, farmers might need to find a strain of wheat that will still grow there. How might biodiversity and genetic resources, referred to above, help with this? … … … …[2] (b) One threat to habitats and therefore biodiversity is tourism. (i) State two ways in which tourism can damage or destroy habitats. … … … …[2] (ii) Under some circumstances ecotourism can bring benefits both to the environment and to local people. Describe one way in which ecotourism can help 1. the environment … … 2. local people … …[2]

7 © UCLES 2010 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 (c) Another way to protect habitats and biodiversity is by sustainable management. Describe how forestry can be managed sustainably. … … … …[2]

8 © UCLES 2010 For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 4 (a) Plants have a number of needs for growth. water carbon dioxide minerals (such as nitrate and phosphate) These are obtained from either the soil or the atmosphere. (i) Show where each of these needs comes from by completing the table below. [2] source needs soil atmosphere (ii) In an experiment, different concentrations of nitrate were supplied to lettuces in different amounts. The mass (weight of lettuces) was measured. The results are shown on the graph. 250 200 150 100 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 nitrate concentration (mg per litre) mass (g) Describe the effects of nitrate concentration on the growth of lettuces. … … … …[2]

9 © UCLES 2010 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 (b) Look at the diagram below showing some of the causes and one consequence of soil erosion. more animals bare soils soil erosion F E D C A B more firewood more crops insects eat crops drought (i) Match the following words to the letters in the diagram: overcultivation … natural hazards … more people … desertification … deforestation … overgrazing … [3] (ii) Describe how soil erosion can be slowed down or stopped. … … … …[3]

10 © UCLES 2010 For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 5 (a) Look at the map below which shows the world distribution of major ocean fishing grounds. A B (i) Describe the distribution of major fishing grounds shown on the map. … … …[2] (ii) The fishing ground at A is on a continental shelf. Why are continental shelves often major fishing grounds? … … … …[2] (iii) B is not on a continental shelf. Why is B a major fishing ground? … … … …[2]

11 © UCLES 2010 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 0680/13/M/J/10 (iv) Explain why the fisheries at B collapse in some years. … … … …[2] (b) Some fisheries have been overfished. State one reason for overfishing and explain how action might be taken to reduce the problem. … … … …[2]

12 © UCLES 2010 0680/13/M/J/10 For Examiner’s Use 6 (a) The atmosphere contains a number of gases forming a mixture called air. Nitrogen is the most abundant, about 78% of the atmosphere. The minor components, which include argon, carbon dioxide, water and ozone, make up another 1%. Complete the table below showing some of the gases in the air and some facts about them. gas percentage in atmosphere importance to life on Earth including people oxygen used in breathing carbon dioxide 0.03 water vapour variable ozone tiny [4] (b) Human activities can alter the composition of the atmosphere in many ways. (i) State one way in which human activity might 1. add to the amount of a gas naturally in the atmosphere … 2. reduce the amount of a gas in the atmosphere … 3. add a gas to the atmosphere which was not naturally there …[3] (ii) Name the gas whose levels in the atmosphere would decrease if many trees were planted. …[1] (c) Wind can be harnessed as a source of energy. The largest and least controversial wind turbines are offshore. Explain why. … … … …[2] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.