Cambridge IGCSE Biology (BES) 0438 — 2018 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB18 11_0438_11/RP © UCLES 2018 [Turn over *7765937120* Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY (US) 0438/11 Paper 1 Multiple Choice (Core) October/November 2018 45 minutes Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Center number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used.

2 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 1 Which characteristic of living organisms is represented by gas exchange in the alveoli? A excretion B growth C nutrition D reproduction 2 The binomial name for humans is Homo sapiens. Which row is correct? Homo sapiens A genus kingdom B genus species C species genus D species kingdom 3 The diagram shows a stonefly larva. antenna gills cerci abdomen thorax Use the key to identify the stonefly larva. 1 has two cerci at the end of the abdomen … go to 2 has three cerci at the end of the abdomen … go to 3 2 abdomen longer than thorax … A thorax longer than abdomen … B 3 gills visible on the thorax … C gills not visible … D

3 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 [Turn over 4 Which part of a plant cell controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell? A cell membrane B cell wall C cytoplasm D vacuole 5 The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section. X Y Structures X and Y are both part of the same A cell. B organ. C tissue. D vessel.

4 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 6 The photograph shows a chloroplast magnified ×7000. 70 mm What is the actual size of the chloroplast? A 0.0001 mm B 0.001 mm C 0.01 mm D 100 mm 7 How do carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of a mesophyll cell? A active transport B diffusion C respiration D transpiration 8 What are the features of active transport? occurs through a cell membrane particles move from a higher to a lower concentration uses energy from respiration A    B    C    D   

5 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 [Turn over 9 The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion. total sugar including reducing sugar / g per 100g starch / g per 100g 3.7 0.0 The onion is tested with Benedict’s solution and iodine solution. Which set of results is correct? Benedict’s solution iodine solution A blue blue-black B blue brown C brick red blue-black D brick red brown 10 The apparatus shown is used for an experiment on starch digestion. Which test-tube contains the most sugar after 20 minutes? A starch solution and salivary amylase starch solution and salivary amylase starch solution water-bath at 15 °C water-bath at 37 °C B C D

6 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 11 An experiment was carried out using the apparatus shown. The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start and again three hours later. In which test-tube would there be a decrease in carbon dioxide content? A B C D black polythene to keep out light water water plant water snail light light light 12 The diagram shows a cross-section of a leaf. Which tissue is immediately below the upper epidermis? A cuticle B guard cells C palisade mesophyll D spongy mesophyll

7 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 [Turn over 13 What is the result of a diet lacking iron? A bleeding gums B poor wound healing C reduced number of red blood cells D weak bones and teeth 14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal. Which structure produces lipase? D C B A 15 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a buttercup root. Z What is the function of the tissue labeled Z? A site of photosynthesis B site of respiration C transport of sugars D transport of water

8 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 16 The diagram shows two shoots at the start of an experiment on transpiration. 30 g spring balance oil water shoot X shoot Y 30 g What are the likely readings on the spring balances after three days? shoot X / g shoot Y / g A 25 25 B 25 30 C 30 25 D 30 30 17 The diagram shows a circulatory system. heart 2 1 3 4 capillaries of the lungs capillaries of the rest of the body Which vessels carry oxygenated blood? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

9 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 [Turn over 18 Some features that help to defend the body against pathogens are listed. 1 mucus 2 skin 3 stomach acid 4 phagocytosis Which features can prevent pathogens entering body tissues? A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 4 only

10 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 19 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30 seconds. 0 0 1 2 30 time / s volume of air in lungs / dm3 Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise? 0 30 time / s A 0 30 time / s B 0 30 time / s C 0 30 time / s D 0 1 2 volume of air in lungs / dm3 0 1 2 volume of air in lungs / dm3 0 1 2 volume of air in lungs / dm3 0 1 2 volume of air in lungs / dm3 20 What is produced by anaerobic respiration in mammals? A alcohol + carbon dioxide B alcohol + oxygen C lactic acid + carbon dioxide D lactic acid

11 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 [Turn over 21 Which row describes the functions of the bladder, kidneys and liver? production of urea excretion of urea storage of urine A liver bladder kidneys B bladder kidneys liver C liver kidneys bladder D kidneys liver bladder 22 The diagram shows a reflex arc. Which label points to the sensory neuron? A B C hot pan D

12 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 23 The diagram shows the structure of the eye. Which structure refracts light? A B C D 24 Which disease can be caused by tobacco smoking? A cholera B COPD C HIV D scurvy 25 What is formed when the nucleus of a sperm fuses with the nucleus of an egg? A gamete B ovule C stamen D zygote

13 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 [Turn over 26 The diagram shows the female reproductive system. Where does implantation normally occur? A B C D 27 Which precautions could help to prevent the spread of AIDS? 1 avoiding the mixing of blood 2 using a femidom 3 using the contraceptive pill 4 using a condom A 1 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 2, 3 and 4 D 2 and 4 only

14 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 28 The diagram shows a timeline of a woman’s menstrual cycle, which lasts for 28 days. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 menstruation (period) On which days of the menstrual cycle is a woman most likely to become pregnant? A days 1– 4 B days 7–10 C days 13–16 D days 20–23 29 The diagram shows what happens during fertilization. egg + sperm → fertilized egg → male embryo Which sex chromosomes are present in the egg, sperm and fertilized egg shown? egg sperm fertilized egg A X X XX B X Y XY C Y X XY D Y Y YY

15 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 [Turn over 30 Many of the varieties of apple in the world evolved from a single wild species, Malus sieversii. Which processes were involved in creating thousands of genetically different varieties of apple? fertilization meiosis mitosis A    B    C    D    31 The genetic diagram shows a monohybrid cross. B is the dominant allele and b is the recessive allele. parent genotypes 1 × 2 gametes B b b b 3 4 5 6 offspring genotypes Which of the parents and offspring are heterozygous? A 1, 3 and 4 B 1, 5 and 6 C 2, 3 and 4 D 2, 5 and 6 32 The curve shows the distribution of a human characteristic. number of people human characteristic Which characteristic is shown by the curve? A blood groups B height C sex D tongue rolling

16 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 33 A farmer grows different varieties of dates, which are a type of fruit. The table shows some features of the dates he grows. variety color texture yield size Barhee amber soft high small to medium Dayri dark reddish brown semi dry variable medium to large Hayany purplish black soft medium large Maktoom amber soft medium medium to large Thoory straw colored dry medium medium to large The farmer would like to produce a new variety of date using selective breeding. He wants a medium sized date that is straw colored and soft, with a high yield. Which two varieties could the farmer breed together to get the variety he wants? A Barhee and Dayri B Barhee and Thoory C Dayri and Maktoom D Maktoom and Thoory 34 The diagram shows a woodland food web. fox rabbit snail frog hawk dandelion grass Which statement is correct? A Dandelions and grass are both primary consumers. B The fox and the hawk are both secondary consumers. C The frog is a tertiary consumer. D The rabbit and the snail are both primary consumers.

17 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 [Turn over 35 Which process releases carbon dioxide into the air and which process removes carbon dioxide from the air? releases carbon dioxide into the air removes carbon dioxide from the air A decay photosynthesis B decay respiration C photosynthesis combustion D photosynthesis decay 36 The graph shows a population growth curve for a species of insect which has been reintroduced to an island from where it had previously become extinct. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 population size / insects per m2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 time since reintroduction / days How long after reintroduction does the insect population size start to become limited by resources such as food? A 50 days B 100 days C 150 days D 200 days

18 © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18 37 Biotechnology is used to produce ethanol for biofuels. Which type of organism can be used to produce the ethanol? A fish B myriapods C viruses D yeast 38 What is an example of genetic engineering? A using enzymes to make washing powders B using pectinase to make fruit juice C producing plants that have been given genes for resistance to insect pests D using yeast to make bread 39 What is least likely to result from deforestation? A increase in flooding B increase in species C loss of habitats D loss of soil 40 What could prevent a species from becoming endangered? A captive breeding program B climate change C introduction of other species D pollution

19 BLANK PAGE © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18

20 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2018 0438/11/O/N/18

This document consists of 3 printed pages. © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY 0438/11 Paper 1 Multiple Choice (Core) October/November 2018 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 40 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2018 series for most Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

0438/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 3 Question Answer Marks 1 A 1 2 B 1 3 A 1 4 A 1 5 B 1 6 C 1 7 B 1 8 C 1 9 D 1 10 D 1 11 C 1 12 C 1 13 C 1 14 C 1 15 D 1 16 B 1 17 D 1 18 B 1 19 C 1 20 D 1 21 C 1 22 A 1 23 A 1 24 B 1 25 D 1 26 C 1 27 B 1 28 C 1

0438/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 3 Question Answer Marks 29 B 1 30 A 1 31 A 1 32 B 1 33 B 1 34 D 1 35 A 1 36 D 1 37 D 1 38 C 1 39 B 1 40 A 1