Cambridge IGCSE Biology (BES) 0438 — 2018 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 3

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB18 06_0438_23/RP © UCLES 2018 [Turn over *3050693200* Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY (US) 0438/23 Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) May/June 2018 45 minutes Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Center number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used.

2 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 1 Which organisms carry out respiration, growth, movement and excretion? A all animals and all plants B animals only C arthropods and flowering plants only D plants only 2 The diagram shows an animal whose scientific name is Falco peregrinus. To which species does it belong? A bird B F. peregrinus C Falco D vertebrate 3 What kind of skin do amphibians have? A dry without scales B dry with scales C moist without scales D moist with scales

3 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 [Turn over 4 The diagram shows a flowering plant. Use the key to identify the plant. flower has four petals plant leaves with jagged edges leaves with smooth edges B A flower has five petals leaves with jagged edges leaves with smooth edges D C 5 In which part of the cell does aerobic respiration occur? A cytoplasm B mitochondrion C ribosome D vesicle 6 Why do some root cells have root hairs? A for the maintenance of the temperature of the cell sap B to increase the surface area of the cells C to increase the volume of the cell sap D to provide a place for cell nuclei

4 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 7 The diagram shows a section through an alveolus and through a capillary. capillary wall low carbon dioxide concentration high carbon dioxide concentration capillary red blood cells wall of alveolus air X Y How does carbon dioxide move from Y to X? A by diffusion B by osmosis C by translocation D by transpiration 8 Which part of a plant root hair is partially permeable? A the cell sap B the cell surface membrane C the cell vacuole D the cell wall

5 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 [Turn over 9 The table shows the results of food tests carried out on a fruit. test Benedict’s biuret ethanol iodine result positive positive negative negative What did the fruit contain? A fat and reducing sugar B fat and starch C protein and reducing sugar D protein and starch 10 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph shows the results. y-axis x-axis What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis? x-axis y-axis A pH rate of reaction B pH time C rate of reaction pH D time pH

6 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 11 The diagram shows a section through a leaf. S R P Q What are structures P, Q, R and S? P Q R S A chloroplast phloem palisade tissue xylem B cuticle xylem chloroplast stoma C phloem palisade tissue cuticle stoma D xylem chloroplast phloem cuticle 12 A lack of which dietary component can result in constipation? A fat B fiber (roughage) C carbohydrate D protein 13 A woman requires more calcium in her diet when she is pregnant. Which statement explains why? A bone growth in the fetus B muscle growth in the fetus C production of hemoglobin in the fetus D to provide energy for the fetus

7 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 [Turn over 14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal. J K L M Which row correctly identifies the structures labeled J to M? J K L M A esophagus pancreas small intestine stomach B pancreas small intestine stomach esophagus C small intestine stomach esophagus pancreas D stomach esophagus pancreas small intestine 15 The diagram shows the pathway of water from the soil through a plant. soil → X → Y → Z → mesophyll cells Which cells are represented by X, Y and Z? X Y Z A root hair cells root cortex cells xylem B root hair cells xylem root cortex cells C xylem root cortex cells root hair cells D xylem root hair cells root cortex cells 16 What will not affect the rate of transpiration? A humidity of the atmosphere B number of open stomata C rate of respiration D temperature

8 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 17 A student places two samples of crushed apple into two beakers, P and Q. The samples are of equal size. She adds 5 cm3 of pectinase solution to beaker P and 5 cm3 of water to beaker Q. After five minutes, she places the samples of crushed apple into two different filter funnels, and measures the volume of juice filtering through from each sample over a period of 10 minutes. Which graph shows her results? 00 total volume of juice filtered through time A Q P 00 total volume of juice filtered through time B P Q 00 total volume of juice filtered through time C Q P 00 total volume of juice filtered through time D Q P 18 During the process of blood clotting, damage to blood vessels stimulates L, and M is converted to N. What are L, M and N? L M N A fibrin platelets fibrinogen B fibrinogen platelets fibrin C platelets fibrin fibrinogen D platelets fibrinogen fibrin

9 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 [Turn over 19 A child is vaccinated against measles. After a period of time the child is infected with the measles virus. The graph shows the concentration of measles antibodies in the child’s bloodstream during this time. antibody concentration in the blood time Which statement is consistent with the information in the graph? A After the vaccination, the child produced memory cells. B The child had passive immunity against measles. C The measles virus contains antibodies. D The vaccination failed to protect the child against measles. 20 Muscles are responsible for the ventilation of the lungs during breathing. Which row describes their action during the inspiration of air? diaphragm muscles external intercostal muscles internal intercostal muscles A contract contract relax B contract relax contract C relax contract relax D relax relax contract

10 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 21 A student investigated aerobic respiration. woodlice capillary tube drop of liquid gauze soda lime Soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide. If the woodlice are respiring aerobically, what will happen to the drop of liquid? A It will move towards the woodlice as oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide is released. B It will move away from the woodlice as oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide is released. C It will not move as carbon dioxide is used up and oxygen is released. D It will not move as oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide is released. 22 The diagram shows a kidney and associated structures. blood in blood out X What is the name of structure X? A pulmonary artery B pulmonary vein C renal artery D renal vein 23 What is the correct sequence in a reflex action? A receptor → stimulus → motor neuron → relay neuron → sensory neuron → effector B receptor → stimulus → sensory neuron → relay neuron → motor neuron → effector C stimulus → receptor → motor neuron → relay neuron → sensory neuron → effector D stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → relay neuron → motor neuron → effector

11 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 [Turn over 24 The diagram shows the cross-section of an eye. E F G Which statement is true when a person views a near object? A E contracts; G is pulled less; F bulges less; more refraction of light takes place B E contracts; G is pulled less; F bulges more; more refraction of light takes place C E relaxes; G is pulled less; F bulges less; less refraction of light takes place D E relaxes; G is pulled more; F bulges more; less refraction of light takes place 25 Compared to the hormonal system, the responses of the nervous system are A faster and of longer-duration. B faster and of shorter-duration. C slower and of longer-duration. D slower and of shorter-duration. 26 In an experiment to investigate phototropism, a plant shoot is grown with light coming from one side only. After two days, in which region has the greatest rate of growth occurred? start of experiment light after two days light A B C D

12 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 27 Crop plants produced by asexual reproduction are identical. This can be a disadvantage. Which statements describe disadvantages? 1 Crop plants are produced rapidly. 2 A disease could kill all of the plants. 3 Only one parent is needed. 4 The plants cannot adapt to environmental changes. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4 28 The table shows some features of artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilization. Which row shows the features that are correct for both artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilization? fertilization happens outside the female reproductive system implantation happens outside the female reproductive system involves sexual intercourse pregnancy develops naturally after implantation A     B     C     D     29 The graph shows the concentration of four hormones during the menstrual cycle. Which line represents progesterone? hormone level day of cycle ovulation 0 14 28 A B C D

13 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 [Turn over 30 Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. The allele for cystic fibrosis is recessive. A woman is heterozygous and her partner is homozygous dominant. What is true of any children they produce? A All of their children will have cystic fibrosis. B There is a one in two chance of being heterozygous. C There is a one in four chance of being heterozygous. D There is no chance of having the cystic fibrosis allele. 31 Which graph shows the correct change in mass of DNA in one cell during cell division by mitosis? mass of DNA time A 0 0 mass of DNA time B 0 0 mass of DNA time C 0 0 mass of DNA time D 0 0 32 Cell X contains 16 chromosomes. It divides by meiosis. How many chromosomes do each of the new cells contain? A 4 B 8 C 16 D 32 33 Which statement about blood groups in humans is correct? A They are determined by genes and the environment. B They are determined only by the environment. C They are determined only by genes. D They show continuous variation.

14 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 34 Plants are adapted to survive in different environments. Which are features of xerophytes? cuticle number of stomata A thick few B thick many C thin few D thin many 35 In which form is nitrogen taken up by the roots of plants? A as amino acids B as nitrate ions C as protein D as urea 36 What is a community? A a unit containing all the organisms in a given area, and their environment, interacting together B a unit in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next C all of the populations of different species in an ecosystem D all the organisms of one species in a given area 37 Which feature of bacteria makes it possible for them to be used to produce human insulin? A Bacteria possess plasmids. B Bacteria possess exactly the same DNA base sequences as humans. C Bacteria possess the same genes for insulin. D Bacteria possess the same number of chromosomes as humans.

15 © UCLES 2018 0438/23/M/J/18 38 In some areas, farmers who grow genetically modified (GM) corn have to make sure there is a gap between GM and non-GM crops. What is the reason for leaving a gap between the crops? A so they can get large machinery into the fields B to prevent cross-pollination between GM and non-GM crops C to prevent disease spreading between crops D to prevent pests attacking crops 39 How does eutrophication lead to the death of aquatic organisms? A algae not releasing enough oxygen B algae respiring instead of photosynthesizing C decomposer bacteria lowering oxygen concentration in the water D poisoning due to carbon dioxide accumulation in the water 40 What is an example of sustainable development? A burning more fossil fuels to provide more energy B catching more fish to feed a growing population C clearing tropical forest to plant large areas of oil palm plants D selective felling of forest trees for timber and replanting cleared areas

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IGCSE™ is a registered trademark. This document consists of 3 printed pages. © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY (US) 0438/23 Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) May/June 2018 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 40 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2018 series for most Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some Cambridge O Level components.

0438/23 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 3 Question Answer Marks 1 A 1 2 B 1 3 C 1 4 D 1 5 B 1 6 B 1 7 A 1 8 B 1 9 C 1 10 A 1 11 B 1 12 B 1 13 A 1 14 A 1 15 A 1 16 C 1 17 B 1 18 D 1 19 A 1 20 A 1 21 A 1 22 D 1 23 D 1 24 B 1 25 B 1 26 C 1 27 C 1 28 D 1

0438/23 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 3 Question Answer Marks 29 B 1 30 B 1 31 B 1 32 B 1 33 C 1 34 A 1 35 B 1 36 C 1 37 A 1 38 B 1 39 C 1 40 D 1