Cambridge A Level Information Technology (from 2017) 9626 — 2018 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 2

* 5 9 5 4 5 4 0 2 0 7 * This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages. DC (SC/SC) 153473/3 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/12 Paper 1 Theory October/November 2018 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Calculators must not be used on this paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Any businesses described in this paper are entirely fictitious.

2 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 1 Tick the four most accurate statements regarding validation and verification.  Verifying data is checking that data is correct. Validating data is checking that data is correct. Validation is the process of checking that the data entered into a system is the same as the source data. Visual verification is a type of verification. A range check is an example of verification. Validation is checking that data is sensible. A range check is the best check to make sure transposition has not occurred when typing in a bar code. Visual validation is a type of validation. Double data entry is a type of verification. A type check will prevent a letter of the alphabet being typed into a numeric field. [4] 2 Tick the four most accurate statements regarding input and output.  A scanner can be both an input and output device. A touch screen can be both an input and output device. Input devices allow the user to communicate with the computer’s operating system. Output devices allow data to be stored electronically for future use. Inputs must be converted to analogue data before they can be processed by the computer. All inputs always come in the form of digital data. A plotter is an output device. Outputs always come in the form of a printout. A microphone is an input device. A pen drive is an input device. [4]

3 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 3 One of the dangers of accessing the internet is the increased risk of malware attacks. Describe the distinctive features of each of the following types of malware. Trojan Horse … … … … … Worm … … … … … Spyware … … … … … Adware … … … … … [8]

4 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 4 (a) Describe the advantages of using a web authoring package to create a web page rather than writing HTML code. … … … … … … … … [3] (b) Describe the disadvantages of using a web authoring package to create a web page rather than writing HTML code. … … … … … … … … [3]

5 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 5 Spreadsheet software enables users to make use of formulas and functions. Using examples, compare and contrast a formula and a function. … … … … … … … … … … [4]

6 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 6 Aeroplane manufacturers often use computer models to trial new aircraft. Describe four benefits of using a model to create and run simulations. 1 … … … 2 … … … 3 … … … 4 … … … [4]

7 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 7 There are a number of communication technologies and their associated networks used for transmitting data. Describe the following types including their suitability, with reasons, for use in a video-conference. (a) ADSL … … … … … … … [3] (b) SDSL … … … … … … … [3] (c) ISDN … … … … … … … [3]

8 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 8 A secretary has been given a list of product details. She was asked to type the details into a spreadsheet. Unfortunately, when she typed them in, wrong data was entered into cells A7, A10, A16 and B10. List secretary was given Spreadsheet produced by secretary Product number Department code 38366614481 B167 14533707617 B132 92648277616 C185 83028907250 A675 99028485231 D132 77662318299 B453 11997211500 E342 71458052066 D543 81391876632 E723 13917086392 Z418 45608392059 M329 54445757756 B132 14050284074 A675 30965517520 E647 43270336250 F341 97118134256 C231 (a) Describe four validation checks which could have prevented these errors from occurring, including a description of how they would have prevented the errors. 1 … … … … … 2 … … … … … 3 … … … … …

9 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 4 … … … … …[8] (b) The secretary’s manager typed a formula into cell D2 to calculate the price of the product which is given at the beginning of each Product number. Write down the formula which he would have entered in cell D2 and describe how the Price was formatted so that it would appear as it does in the spreadsheet. = … … … … … … … … [4] You may use this space for working out.

10 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 9 People who are employed to develop software often refer to the need for a detailed data dictionary. Describe the components of a typical data dictionary. … … … … … … … … … … … … [5]

11 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over BLANK PAGE

12 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 10 A company provides cars for several leasing organisations in districts of London, in the UK, such as Enfield or Lewisham. Agents buy cars from a number of showrooms. The company buys a car from an agent before then providing it for lease. The holding company needs to keep a record of: • each car • which agent bought each car • which showroom it came from. An example of a database for this company in unnormalised (0NF) form is shown below. Car ID Make Model Agent ID Showroom Agent Name Agent Email LO01 Lopa Wolf 001 Jones, Enfield John Hart jhart@welovecars.com FO01 Frod Squire 002 Morgan, Lewisham Carl Mason cmason@amazingcars.com YA01 Yayota Badger 003 Jones, Greenwich Joe Smith jsmith@mew.com CN01 CNX Rabbit 001 Lewis, Ealing John Hart jhart@welovecars.com WX01 WX Gull 001 Jones, Brent John Hart jhart@welovecars.com YA02 Yayota Loaf 002 Evans, Lambeth Carl Mason cmason@amazingcars.com FO02 Frod Peer 003 Evans, Lambeth Joe Smith jsmith@mew.com LO02 Lopa Fox 001 Jones, Enfield John Hart jhart@welovecars.com YA03 Yayota Plum 001 Morgan, Lewisham John Hart jhart@welovecars.com CN02 CNX Chariot 003 Lewis, Ealing Joe Smith jsmith@mew.com

13 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over (a) Convert this database to third normalised form by completing the field names for each table provided. You are not required to enter any data into the tables. Cars Field1 Field2 Field3 Field4 Field5 Agents Field1 Field2 Field3 Field4 Showrooms Field1 Field2 Field3 [10] (b) Complete the relationship diagram below by completing the tables and showing the types of relationships between them. In the top cell write the name of the table and write the field names underneath. Indicate the primary key (pk) for each table and any foreign keys (fk). [8]

14 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 11 A number of items of computer hardware are used for storing data. Evaluate the use of RAM, ROM and hard disks for this purpose. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8]

15 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 12 A company is planning a new computer network and is faced with choosing between a peer-to-peer and a client-server network. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a peer-to-peer network compared with a client-server network. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8]

16 9626/12/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

This document consists of 11 printed pages. © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9626/12 Paper 1 Theory October/November 2018 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 90 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2018 series for most Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 11 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 11 Question Answer Marks 1 Verifying data is checking that data is correct. Validating data is checking that data is correct. Validation is the process of checking that the data entered into a system is the same as the source data. Visual verification is a type of verification. 3 A range check is an example of verification. Validation is checking that data is sensible. 3 A range check is the best check to make sure transposition has not occurred when typing in a bar code. Visual validation is a type of validation. Double data entry is a type of verification. 3 A type check will prevent a letter of the alphabet being typed into a numeric field. 3 4 Question Answer Marks 2 A scanner can be both an input and output device. A touch screen can be both an input and output device. 3 Input devices allow the user to communicate with the computer’s operating system. 3 Output devices allow data to be stored electronically for future use. Inputs must be converted to analogue data before they can be processed by the computer. All inputs come in the form of digital data. A plotter is an output device 3 Outputs always come in the form of a printout. A microphone is an input device. 3 A pen drive is an input device. 4

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 4 of 11 Question Answer Marks 3 Trojan Horse: Two from: A malicious computer program which is used to hack into a computer by misleading users of its true intent/disguises itself as authentic software (unlike computer viruses and worms) Trojans generally do not attempt to infect other files They do not attempt to self-replicate themselves Worm: Two from: A standalone malicious computer program that replicates itself in a computer system Many copies are then sent to other computers Worms almost always cause some harm/slowing down to the network « « even if only by consuming bandwidth Spyware: Two from: Software designed to collect information about a computer user’s activities Data such as passwords is passed to a remote server/attacker/hacker (without the user’s knowledge) A keylogger is a type of spyware (which collects a record of the user’s key strokes) Adware: Two from: Automatically generates advertisements in order to gain revenue for its author Advertisements may appear in the user interface/screen shown to the user by the software Examines which internet sites visited and presents advertising according to the types of goods/services featured on these/usually the type of goods/adverts the user is interested in. 8 Question Answer Marks 4(a) Three from: Do not have to spend time learning HTML/do not have to be an expert/have much experience/many skills to make a fully functional website Most web authoring packages involve basically pointing and clicking to create a web page rather than typing in instructions It is more difficult to remember the various HTML codes for creating web pages Writing HTML would take much longer/it saves time when it comes to creating content/establishing the layout/graphical elements of the page. 3

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 5 of 11 Question Answer Marks 4(b) Three from: It limits the user’s options as a designer Such programs rely on templates with limited options for the look and feel of the site Depending on the type of software, user may not be able to implement video or other common web-design elements Software may make user completely reliant on it « ... if the program suddenly becomes unavailable for some reason user cannot create a website Knowledge of HTML means web pages can be designed regardless of what software is available/only needs a simple text editor. 3 Question Answer Marks 5 Four from: Both provide representations of mathematical operations/equations Both can involve the use of cell references within them Both are not visible in csv format A function is also a formula, but the parts have been predefined by the spreadsheet software Formulae can be as simple or as complex as the user wants Instead of having to accurately type out the details of the formula a function acts as a shortcut to carry them out A formula can contain a function, but it is possible to write a formula without a function A function is provided by the spreadsheet software Most functions have criteria, but not always as with RAND() A formula is something that is user-created and can include spreadsheet functions For example, =C3-D2 is a formula For example, AVERAGE() is a function Must have at least one similarity and one example to gain full marks. 4

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 6 of 11 Question Answer Marks 6 Four from: Developers can be freer to test all of the aspects of the machine without worrying about damaging an expensive machine Can provide results that are generally not measurable in some experiments (e.g. all weather conditions) Computer simulation can allow you to see how a system might respond before you design or modify it, thus avoiding mistakes It is cheaper as there is no need to make different prototypes to test them out It is safer to use a model and simulation for nuclear power plants/learning to drive/fly Designing an item as a model on a computer before the real item is built saves time Models allow accurate prediction of changes in trends or patterns Critical situations can be investigated without risk Critical situations can be created more quickly Can be slowed down to study behaviour more closely. 4 Question Answer Marks 7(a) Two from: Asymmetric/asynchronous digital subscriber line Bandwidth and bit rate is greater toward the subscriber/downstream than the reverse/upstream hence asymmetric/asynchronous ISPs usually provide ADSL as a service for consumers to receive Internet access in a relatively passive mode The maximum reliable speed which could be achieved is usually lower than that which modern video-conferencing systems require. 1 mark 3 7(b) Two from: Symmetric/synchronous digital subscriber line Bandwidth and bit rate in the downstream direction/from the network to the subscriber is identical to the bandwidth in the upstream direction/from the subscriber to the network SDSL is generally aimed at business customers/ADSL is marketed at private as well as business customers SDSL is more expensive than ADSL but a better choice for high-quality video-conferencing as allows much higher bandwidth. 1 mark 3

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 7 of 11 Question Answer Marks 7(c) Two from: Integrated Services Digital Network Allows simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, other network services over public switched telephone network Circuit-switched telephone network system which also provides access to packet switched networks Results in potentially better voice quality than an analogue phone can provide One from: ISDN video-conferencing systems still in use as high-definition is achievable using a Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Is very cost prohibitive and can achieve the same results with SDSL for a lot less. 3 Question Answer Marks 8(a) Check digit check for transposed digits in A7 – 1 mark 67 instead of 76 would have resulted in a different check digit being calculated – 1 mark Type check to check for invalid characters in A10 – 1 mark xy would register as text in a numeric field – 1 mark Length check to check exact number of characters entered in A16 – 1 mark Would have registered that only 10 characters entered – 1 mark Format check to check that correct format has been followed in B10 – 1 mark Would have trapped two letters and two digits entered instead of one letter followed by three digits – 1 mark 8 8(b) =VALUE(LEFT(A2,3)) VALUE() – 1 mark LEFT(A2, 3) – 1 mark Two from: Highlight D2 and select format (format cells)/right click and select format cells Select currency Set to $ and 2 decimal places. 4

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 11 Question Answer Marks 9 Five from: Table name – a unique name for each table in a database Field name – to identify each field The data type allocated to each field – e.g. text, numeric, Boolean Field length – the number of characters in each field Field default value, where present, is the value automatically entered in that field when a new record is created Validation – the validation check applied to each field Table security – Keys – primary keys are identified Relationships – relationships between tables are stated – one to one, one to many. 5 Question Answer Marks 10(a) Cars: Field1 Field2 Field3 Field4 Field5 Car ID Make Model Agent ID Showroom ID Award one mark for two correct fields, two marks for three correct fields, three marks for four correct fields, four marks for five correct fields Agents: Field1 Field2 Field3 Field4 Agent ID Agent first name Agent second name Agent Email Award one mark for each correct field Showrooms: Field1 Field2 Field3 ShowroomID Showroom District Award one mark for two correct fields, two marks for three correct fields. 10

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 11 Question Answer Marks 10(b) Maximum 8 from: 1 mark for each correct relationship (2) 1 mark each for identifying one to many (2) 1 mark for each correct primary key (3) 1 mark for each correct foreign key (2) Showrooms 1 Showroom ID PK Showroom District Agents Agent ID PK 1 Agent first name Agent second name Agent email Cars Car ID PK Make Model ∞Agent ID FK ShowroomID FK ∞ 8

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 10 of 11 Question Answer Marks 11 Level 3 (7–8 marks) Candidates will discuss the importance of RAM, ROM and hard disks including the advantages and disadvantages. Candidates will explain the effectiveness of these items in detail. The information will be relevant, clear, organised and presented in a structured and coherent format. There may be a reasoned conclusion/opinion. Specialist terms will be used correctly and appropriately. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Candidates will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of RAM, ROM and hard disks. For the most part, the information will be relevant and presented in a structured and coherent format. There may be a conclusion/opinion. Specialist terms will be used appropriately and for the most part correctly. Level 1 (1–3 marks) Candidates will present an advantage or disadvantage of two of RAM, ROM and hard disks. Candidates will describe at least one of these items. There will be little or no use of specialist terms. Level 0 (0 marks) Response with no valid content. Candidates may refer to for e.g. RAM / ROM allows quicker access to data than HDD HDD or the Hard Disk Drive stores information for permanent storage/long term whereas RAM only stores information for relatively short-term usage Data in RAM is deleted once the power to the device is stopped RAM stores active program data whereas ROM is unable to RAM stores data that the user is currently working on whereas ROM is unable to Large RAM chips can be read faster than most ROMs ... ... ROM content is sometimes copied to RAM and subsequently read from RAM Hard disks can be portable and easy to move from device to device unlike ROM/RAM Data in RAM can be accessed much faster than the data on a hard disk Hard disk drives are electromechanical devices and more prone to failure than RAM/ROM – no moving parts In a normal computer configuration RAM size is much smaller than the hard disk size ROM cannot be changed by a program or user ROM/HDD retains its data even after the computer is turned off ROM stores the instructions for the computer to start up when it is turned on again Would be expensive to save an operating system on ROM so need hard disk Still need to have boot up instructions to activate hard disk drive so ROM is needed. 8

9626/12 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 11 of 11 Question Answer Marks 12 Eight from: Advantages: Cost of buying a server is saved « « does not need a server because individual workstations are used to access the files No need to pay for System Administrator/network technicians because each user sets their own permissions as to which files they are willing to share Much easier to set up than a client-server network as it does not need specialist knowledge The over-all cost of building and maintaining this type of network is comparatively cheaper If one computer fails it will not disrupt any other part of the network except the files on that computer are not available to other users at that time/in client-server network, if server goes down whole network gets affected Disadvantages: Files and folders are difficult to recover as they cannot be centrally backed up/each computer has to have its own back-up system Files and resources are more difficult to share There is less security other than permissions/users often do not need to log onto their workstations. The system is not centralised so it is difficult to administer/one person cannot determine the accessibility setting of whole network Each computer is fulfilling more than one role, it may be printing or file sharing so performance can be slower Security is more expensive as each computer must have its own anti-virus scanner Difficult to have more than a few users If sharing a large database which increases in size computers would need to increase their storage capacity/client-server which only needs to upgrade server Because each computer might be being accessed by others it can slow down the performance for the user unlike client-server Ensuring that viruses are not introduced to the network it is the responsibility of each individual user/client-server has central virus protection distributed to each computer. 8